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B cell development and antibody responses in human immune system mice:current status and future perspective

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 645-652页

作者： tao Zhang Wentao Liu Yong-Guang yang Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration&transplantation of the Ministry of Education The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China International Center of Future Science Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China

Humanized immune system(HIS)mice have been developed and used as a small surrogate model to study human immune function under normal or disease *** variations are found between models,most HIS mice show robust human t cell ***,there has been unsuccessful in constructing HIS mice that produce high-affinity human antibodies,primarily due to defects in terminal B cell differentiation,antibody affinity maturation,and development of primary follicles and germinal *** this review,we elaborate on the current knowledge about and previous attempts to improve human B cell development in HIS mice,and propose a potential strategy for constructing HIS mice with improved humoral immunity by transplantation of human follicular dendritic cells(FDCs)to facilitate the development of secondary follicles.

关键词： humanized immune system mouse humoral immunity germinal center B cell follicular dendritic cell

A versatile model with three-dimensional triangular lattice for unconventional transport and various topological effects

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 204-214页

作者： Jing-yang You Gang Su Yuan Ping Feng Department of Physics National University of Singapore Kavli Institute for theoretical Sciences and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of Singapore

the finite Berry curvature in topological materials can induce many subtle phenomena, such as the anomalous Hall effect(AHE), spin Hall effect(SHE), anomalous Nernst effect(ANE), non-linear Hall effect(NLHE) and bulk photovoltaic effects. to explore these novel physics as well as their connection and coupling, a precise and effective model should be developed. Here, we propose such a versatile model—a 3D triangular lattice with alternating hopping parameters, which can yield various topological phases,including kagome bands, triply degenerate fermions, double Weyl semimetals and so on. We reveal that this special lattice can present unconventional transport due to its unique topological surface states and the aforementioned topological phenomena, such as AHE, ANE, NLHE and the topological photocurrent effect. In addition, we also provide a number of material candidates that have been synthesized experimentally with this lattice, and discuss two materials, including a non-magnetic triangular system for SHE, NLHE and the shift current, and a ferromagnetic triangular lattice for AHE and ANE. Our work provides an excellent platform, including both the model and materials, for the study of Berry-curvature-related physics.

关键词： three-dimensional triangular lattice different topological phases various topological effects Berry curvature

Closure Effect of Ⅰ+Ⅱ Mixed-mode Crack for EA4t Axle Steel

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第4期 340-354页

作者： Shuancheng Wang Bing yang Shuwei Zhou Jian Li Shoune xiao State Key Laboratory of Rail transit Vehicle System Southwest Jiaotong University Institute of Metal Forming RWTH Aachen University

the crack-closure effect is a crucial factor that affects the crack growth rate and should be considered in simulation analysis and testing. A mixed-mode I + II loading fatigue crack growth test was performed using EA4t axle steel specimens. the variation of the plastic-induced crack closure(PICC) effect and the roughness-induced crack closure(RICC) effect during crack deflection in the mixed-mode is examined in this study. the results show that the load perpendicular to the crack propagation direction hinders the slip effect caused by the load parallel to the crack propagation direction under mixed-mode loading, and the crack deflection is an intuitive manifestation of the interaction between the PICC and RICC. the proportion of the RA value change on the crack side caused by contact friction was reduced by the interaction between PICC and RICC. the roughness of the crack surface before and after the crack deflection is different, and the spatial torsion crack surface is formed during the crack propagation process. With the increase of the crack length, the roughness of the fracture surface increases. During the crack deflection process,the PICC value fluctuates around 0.2, and the RICC value is increased to 0.15.

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Molecular mechanism of flowering time regulation in Brassica rapa:similarities and differences with Arabidopsis

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 615-628页

作者： Na Li Rui yang Shuxing Shen Jianjun Zhao State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of HebeiCollaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in HebeiCollege of HorticultureHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebei 071000China

Properly regulated flowering time is pivotal for successful plant *** floral transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is regulated by a complex gene regulatory network that integrates environmental signals and internal conditions to ensure that flowering takes place under favorable *** rapa is a diploid Cruciferae species that includes several varieties that are cultivated as vegetable or oil *** time is one of the most important agricultural traits of *** crops because of its influence on yield and *** transition to flowering in *** is regulated by several environmental and developmental cues,which are perceived by several signaling pathways,including the vernalization pathway,the autonomous pathway,the circadian clock,the thermosensory pathway,and gibberellin(GA)*** signals are integrated to control the expression of floral integrators BrFts and BrSOC1s to regulate *** this review,we summarized current research advances on the molecular mechanisms that govern flowering time regulation in *** and compare this to what is known in Arabidopsis.

关键词： Flowering time Brassica rapa Vernalization Photoperiod

Early Cretaceous Metasomatized Lithospheric Mantle beneath the Central Jiangnan Orogen in South China:Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotope Evidence from the tuanshanbei Dolerite

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 602-616页

作者： WANG Cheng WEI Hantao LIU Qingquan yang Zhao Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of EducationSchool of Geosciences and Info-PhysicsCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Development and Research Centre China Geological SurveyBeijing 100037China School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

It is well established that Cretaceous magmatism in the South China Block(SCB)is related to the Paleo-Pacific ***,the starting time and the associated deep crust-mantle processes are still *** dike swarms carry important information on the deep earth(including mantle)geodynamics and geochemical *** the Jiangnan Orogen(South China).there is no information on whether the Mesozoic magmatic activities in this region are also directly related to the Pacific subduction or *** this study,we present detailed zircon U-Pb geochronological,wholerock element and Sr-Nd isotope data for Early Cretaceous tuanshanbei dolerite dikes,and provide new constraints on the condition of the lithospheric mantle and mantle dynamics of the SCB during that ***-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating suggests that this dolerite erupted in the Early Cretaceous(~145 Ma).All samples have alkaline geochemical affinities with K_(2)O+Na_(2)O=3.11-4.04 wt%,K_(2)O/Na_(2)O=0.50-0.72,and Mg^(#)=*** are enriched in LILE but depleted in HFSE with higher initial^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratio(0.706896-0.714743)and lower ε_(Nd)(t)(-2.61 to-1.67).they have high Nb/U,Nb/La,La/Sm and Rb/Sr,and low La/Nb,La/ta,Ce/Pb,Ba/Rb,tb/Yb and Gd/Yb *** geochemical signatures suggest that the fractional crystallization is obvious but crustal contamination play a negligible role during magmatic *** dolerite were most likely derived from low-degree(2%-5%)partial melting of a phlogopite-bearing mantle material consisted of~85% spinel peridotite and~15% garnet peridotite previously metasomatized by asthenospherederived fluids/melts with minor subduction-derived fluids/***-rollback generally lead to the upwelling of the hot *** upwelling of asthenosphere consuming the lithospheric mantle by thermo-mechanical-chemical *** lithospheric mantle may have partially melted due to the heating by the upwelling asthenosphere and lithospheric extension.I

关键词： Early Cretaceous mafic dike metasomatized lithospheric mantle tuanshanbei dolerite Jiangnan Orogen South China

Preparation of microparticles and nanoparticles using membrane-assisted dispersion,micromixing,and evaporation processes

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 30-44页

作者： Goran t.Vladisavljevic Chemical Engineering Department Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershire LE113TUUnited Kingdom

Synthetic microporous membranes are increasingly used for energy-efficient and controlled production of micro-and nanoparticles and micro-and nanoemulsions with tuneable morphology and physico-chemical properties through various micromixing,emulsification,and evaporation *** emul-sification processes,the membrane pores are used for dispersed phase injection and size-controlled generation of droplets and droplet-templated *** micromixing processes,membrane is utilised as a micromixer for mixing two miscible liquids,usually solvent and antisolvent-rich solutions,which leads to the creation of supersaturation and subsequent nanoprecipitation or *** mem-brane evaporation processes,membrane is used to prevent phase dispersion while allowing efficient molecular diffusion of solvent and/or antisolvent vapour through gas-filled *** dispersion processes can be operated continuously by decoupling shear stress on the membrane surface from cross flow using tube insets,flow pulsations,swirling flow,membrane oscillations or membrane *** generation and solidification can be performed continuously in a single pass by connecting membrane module with a downstream *** dispersion processes can be used for pro-duction of nanoparticles such as nanovesicles(liposomes,micelles,ethosomes,and niosomes),nanogels,polymeric,lipid and metallic nanoparticles,and *** main advantages of membrane-assisted particle generation are in low energy consumption,controlled geometry and hydrodynamic conditions at the microscale level,flexible throughput due to modular and scalable design of membrane devices,and a wide choice of available microporous membranes with various wall porosities,wetta-bilities,pore sizes,and pore morphologies to suit different applications.

关键词： Nanoparticles Microparticles Nanoemulsions Microemulsions Microporous membrane Crystallisation Flash nanoprecipitation Emulsification Zero liquid discharge

Impacts of Ice-Ocean Stress on the Subpolar Southern Ocean:Role of the Ocean Surface Current

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 293-309页

作者： yang WU Zhaomin WANG Chengyan LIU Liangjun YAN School of Information Engineering Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 211171China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

the mechanical influences involved in the interaction between the Antarctic sea ice and ocean surface current(OSC)on the subpolar Southern Ocean have been systematically investigated for the first time by conducting two simulations that include and exclude the OSC in the calculation of the ice-ocean stress(IOS), using an eddy-permitting coupled ocean-sea ice global model. By comparing the results of these two experiments, significant increases of 5%, 27%, and 24%, were found in the subpolar Southern Ocean when excluding the OSC in the IOS calculation for the ocean surface stress,upwelling, and downwelling, respectively. Excluding the OSC in the IOS calculation also visibly strengthens the total mechanical energy input to the OSC by about 16%, and increases the eddy kinetic energy and mean kinetic energy by about38% and 12%, respectively. Moreover, the response of the meridional overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean yields respective increases of about 16% and 15% for the upper and lower branches;and the subpolar gyres are also found to considerably intensify, by about 12%, 11%, and 11% in the Weddell Gyre, the Ross Gyre, and the Australian-Antarctic Gyre, respectively. the strengthened ocean circulations and Ekman pumping result in a warmer sea surface temperature(SSt), and hence an incremental surface heat loss. the increased sea ice drift and warm SSt lead to an expansion of the sea ice area and a reduction of sea ice volume. these results emphasize the importance of OSCs in the air-sea-ice interactions on the global ocean circulations and the mass balance of Antarctic ice shelves, and this component may become more significant as the rapid change of Antarctic sea ice.

关键词： subpolar Southern Ocean Antarctic sea ice ice-ocean stress air-sea-ice-ocean interaction ocean surface current MItgcm-ECCO2

Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： David A.t.Harper Palaeoecosystems Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of metazoan life. two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the middle. It was a massive taxonomic extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a major ice age that reduced the temperature of surface waters, prompted a drop in sea level of some 100 m and introduced toxic bottom waters onto the shelves. these symptoms of more fundamental planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, may have extended back in time to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were more protracted and influential than hitherto documented.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

Dynamic analysis of axle box bearings on the high-speed train caused by wheel-rail excitation

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 441-460页

作者： Qiaoying MA Shaopu yang Yongqiang LIU Baosen WANG Zechao LIU State Key Laboratory of Mechanical behavior and System Safety of traffic Engineering Structures Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China School of transportation Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China School of Mechanical Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China

to explore the impact of wheel-rail excitation on the dynamic performance of axle box bearings,a dynamic model of the high-speed train including axle box bearings is ***,the dynamic response characteristics of the axle box bearing are *** investigation focuses on the acceleration characteristics of bearing vibration under excitation of track irregularities and wheel *** addition,experiments on both normal and faulty bearings are conducted separately,and the correctness of the model and some conclusions are *** to the research,track irregularity is unfavorable for bearing fault detection based on resonance *** the same speed conditions,the acceleration peak of bearing is inversely proportional to the length of the wheel flat and directly proportional to its *** paper will contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic performance of axle box bearings.

关键词： high-speed train track irregularity wheel flat dynamic simulation