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Leveraging ROtI map derived from Indonesian GnSS receiver network for advancing study of Equatorial Plasma Bubble in Southeast/East Asia

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 101-116页

作者： Prayitno Abadi Ihsan n.Muafiry teguh n.Pratama Angga Y.Putra Suraina Gatot H.Pramono Sidik t.Wibowo Febrylian F.chabibi Umar A.Ahmad Wildan P.tresna Asnawi Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia School of Electrical Engineering Telkom UniversityBandungIndonesia Directorate of Laboratory Management Facilities and Science and technology Park Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)PontianakIndonesia Geophysics Laboratory Master Program in PhysicsUniversitas Gadjah Mada(UGM)YogyakartaIndonesia Research Center for Space Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG) JakartaIndonesia Research Center for Photonics Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Tangerang SelatanIndonesia Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan

this paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GnSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GnSS signals and degrade positioning *** by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GnSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude ***-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast *** provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of total Electron Content(tEC)change index(ROtI)derived from this *** generate ROtI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific *** preliminary findings from the ROtI maps of Ina-CORS are ***,the Ina-CORS ROtI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther ***,we demonstrate that combined ROtI maps from Ina-CORS and GnSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East *** have demonstrated the combined ROtI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,*** observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities *** sharing ROtI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GnSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionosphe

关键词： Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB) GnSS receivers’network Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS) ionospheric map Rate of tEC change index(ROtI)map

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块系岩体准共振诱发弱夹层拉压损伤断裂研究

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岩石力学与工程学报 2025年第1期44卷 114-127页

作者：王凯兴徐伟刚潘一山薛佳琪 OPARIn V n KIRYAEVA t A 辽宁工程技术大学力学与工程学院俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院矿业研究所

当外界扰动频率接近块系岩体的固有频率时，会出现准共振现象。这一现象导致岩块间的弱夹层应变急剧变化，从而加快弱夹层的动态损伤断裂。为了研究块系岩体准共振导致岩块间弱夹层的动态拉压损伤断裂规律，基于块系岩体模型，分析准共... 详细信息

当外界扰动频率接近块系岩体的固有频率时，会出现准共振现象。这一现象导致岩块间的弱夹层应变急剧变化，从而加快弱夹层的动态损伤断裂。为了研究块系岩体准共振导致岩块间弱夹层的动态拉压损伤断裂规律，基于块系岩体模型，分析准共振状态下弱夹层的变形特征。结合岩石动态损伤断裂准则，对准共振状态下弱夹层的动态损伤断裂进行理论计算分析，进而研究动态破坏规律。通过数值模拟揭示了准共振状态下块系岩体中弱夹层的损伤演化特征。结果表明：当块系岩体发生准共振现象时，岩块间的相对位移急剧增加，使得弱夹层的应变和损伤程度明显增大；弱夹层的损伤程度在准共振频率下最高，同时受外部扰动力和弱夹层的刚度、黏性、厚度及岩块质量等系统参数的影响；块系岩体发生准共振时断裂应力增大，但从断裂到完全破坏的时间明显缩短，即残余承载能力大幅下降。该研究对认识块系岩体的动态断裂具有一定的参考价值。

关键词：岩石力学块系岩体准共振弱夹层变形动态损伤断裂

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FY-3E电离层光度计数据的电离层及热层贡献的分离

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中国科学:地球科学 2025年第1期55卷 171-183页

作者：江芳毛田王劲松胡秀清张效信付利平贾楠王天放中国科学院国家空间科学中心空间环境探测研究室北京100090 天基空间环境探测北京市重点实验室北京100090 中国科学院空间环境态势感知技术重点实验室北京100090 国家卫星气象中心北京100081

2021年7月5日,远紫外气辉探测仪小型电离层光度计tRIPM随太阳同步晨昏轨道气象卫星FY-3E发射升空.tRIPM设置了三个通道,分别用以测量不同条件下的辉光:夜间通道用于测量O+和电子辐射复合产生的135.6nm辉光,白天/晨昏135.6nm通道用于测... 详细信息

2021年7月5日,远紫外气辉探测仪小型电离层光度计tRIPM随太阳同步晨昏轨道气象卫星FY-3E发射升空.tRIPM设置了三个通道,分别用以测量不同条件下的辉光:夜间通道用于测量O+和电子辐射复合产生的135.6nm辉光,白天/晨昏135.6nm通道用于测量有光照时的OI 135.6nm辉光,白天/晨昏n_(2)LBH通道用于测量n_(2)LBH辉光.由于轨道特征,tRIPM的探测数据主要分布在晨昏或者太阳天顶角较大的白天时刻.本文结合模拟计算,分析了这部分数据的时空分布特性.在此基础上,为了挖掘晨昏轨道电离层数据产品的应用价值,本文尝试利用模型将tRIPM在白天/晨昏135.6nm通道的测量数据进行电离层辐射复合贡献与热层光电子激发贡献的分离.这样做不仅可以提高O/n_(2)的反演精度,同时还能得到相同时刻的电离层产品.研究结果显示,从测量数据中提取出的来自O+与电子辐射复合的135.6nm辐射与对应的GPS tEC数据具有相似的赤道异常驼峰结构特征及季节变化.而分离出来的来自热层光电子碰撞激发的135.6nm辐射,因不含辐射复合贡献,与n_(2)LBH波段在获取O/n_(2)时也极大程度地避免了电离层的影响.

关键词：远紫外气辉 135.6nm气辉辐射强度光电子激发辐射复合激发

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A Systematic Review on the Comparison between Lumbar Disc Hernia Resection by Endoscopy and Microdiscectomy

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Open Journal of Modern neurosurgery 2025年第1期15卷 29-36页

作者： Iván Ulises Sámano López Ernesto Eduardo Galván Hernández Rafael Avendaño Pradel José Armando Biebrich Murguía Emmanuel Cantú chávez thania Karina Gutiérrez Anchondo Centro Mdico ABC Ciudad de Mxico Mxico

Background: Surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation is a widely debated topic, with several techniques available. Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PELD) has gained popularity due to its lower invasiveness compared to conventional techniques such as microdiscectomy/open lumbar microdiscectomy (OLMD)/tubular microdiscectomy (tMD). However, evidence on the effectiveness, recovery time and complications of these techniques is not yet clearly established. this systematic review aims to compare the preoperative and postoperative outcomes of both techniques. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in databases including PubMed and Cochrane, following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Comparative studies and narrative reviews on PELD and OLMD/tMD published between 2019 and 2024 were included. Key outcomes considered were pre- and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), hospitalization time, time to return to work, and postoperative complications. Results: the reviewed studies indicated that PELD is associated with a greater reduction in postoperative pain compared to OLMD/tMD, with a significant decrease in VAS, according to the study by Priola et al. (2019). the hospital stay was also shorter for patients undergoing PELD, averaging 2 days compared to OLMD/tMD. Furthermore, PELD favored a faster return to work and had a lower rate of postoperative complications, such as dural tears and reoperations, compared to OLMD/tMD. Conclusions: PELD demonstrates clear advantages over OLMD/tMD in terms of pain reduction, shorter hospital stay, faster return to work, and fewer postoperative complications. However, the implementation of this technique requires a significant learning curve, suggesting that its effectiveness may vary depending on the surgeon’s experience. PELD should be considered a preferred option in the resection of lumbar disc herniations, especially in patients seeking a quick and less invasive recovery.

关键词： Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy (PELD) Microdiscectomy/Open Lumbar Microdiscectomy (OLMD)/tubular Microdiscectomy (tMD) Lumbar Disc Herniation Minimally Invasive Surgery Postoperative Recovery Postoperative Complications

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Current considerations for the management of liver echinococcosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第10期31卷 159-163页

作者： Efstathios t Pavlidis Ioannis n Galanis theodoros E Pavlidis the 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery Hippokration General HospitalSchool of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece

Echinococcosis or hydatid disease is induced mainly by Echinococcus granulosus and occasionally by Echinococcus multilocularis(alveolaris)and affects the liver *** alveolar echinococcosis is similar to carcinoma in appearance,and without treatment,it can lead to *** is based on current imaging *** management is the cornerstone of *** removal of the cyst(total pericystectomy or hepatectomy)ensures a permanent cure and should be the first-choice treatment for cystic *** evacuation,partial cystectomy,and drainage or omentoplasty,may be alternative choices in difficult ***,mebendazole and praziquantel are options for treating small cysts and preventing recurrence after *** the efforts,alveolar echinococcus is not usually amenable to surgical management,except in the early stage,which is less common,and management by albendazole is ***,there are few recent reports of major operations(ex-vivo hepatectomy,autotransplantation and vascular reconstruction)in advanced stages.

关键词： Hepatic echinococcosis Hydatid disease Echinococcus granulosus Echinococcus alveolaris Hepatectomy for parasite diseases Pericystectomy

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Current opinions on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2025年第3期17卷 427-430页

作者： Efstathios t Pavlidis Ioannis n Galanis theodoros E Pavlidis the Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery Hippokration General HospitalSchool of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece

Inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to microbial ***-dose antibio-tic prophylaxis prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy is well known for reducing the risk of postoperative infection in high-risk patients despite some conflicting ***-risk patients are those who are older than 70 years,have diabetes mellitus,whose operation time exceeded 120 minutes,have acute cholecystitis,experienced iatrogenic intraoperative gallbladder perforation resulting in bile or gallstone spillage,suffered from obstructive jaundice,or were deemed *** gallbladder perforation,one dose of antibiotic prophylaxis is ***,guidelines are needed and must be strictly ***-lactic treatment is not needed for patients at low risk of developing sepsis fo-llowing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy,although the opposite is ***,superficial surgical infections are related to low *** without risk factors have a very low risk of ***,the routine use of anti-biotic prophylaxis in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not recommended.

关键词： Prophylactic antibiotics Gallstone disease Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Acute cholecystitis Skin incision infection Septic complications

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Link between caries,periodontitis,and pregnancy:the role of personalized oral hygiene

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第6期13卷 51-57页

作者： Melissa Martínez nieto Martha Leticia De León Rodríguez Francisco Javier Alcaraz Baturoni Alma Alicia Soto chávez Sarah Monserrat Lomelí Martínez Periodontics Program Department of Integrated Dentistry ClinicsCentro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajara 44340Mexico Department of Medical and Life Sciences Centro Universitario de la CiénegaUniversidad de GuadalajaraOcotlán 47810JaliscoMexico Master of Public Health Department of Well-being and SustainableCentro Universitario del NorteUniversidad de GuadalajaraColotlán 46200Mexico

Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing *** article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental *** the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental *** gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare *** of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this *** reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health *** of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal *** tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et *** study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal *** emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal *** approach underscores the need for

关键词： Pregnancy Periodontal disease Periodontitis Dental caries Oral hygiene

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毛发的梯度成熟实验对化石毛发的埋藏学启示

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中国科学:地球科学 2025年第1期55卷 62-74页

作者：李鑫周一擘赵涛何行健泮燕红南京大学内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室关键地球物质循环前沿科学中心生物演化与环境科教融合中心地球科学与工程学院南京210023 云南大学古生物研究院云南省地球系统科学重点实验室云南省古生物学重点实验室昆明650500

哺乳动物毛发作为与内温性、物理保护和伪装相关的关键特征,其地质历史记录可追溯至中生代.然而,关于毛发化石埋藏学的认识有限,阻碍了对其深时演化意义的理解.为此,我们对黑色毛发样品开展了梯度成熟实验来模拟化石毛发的埋藏过程.通... 详细信息

哺乳动物毛发作为与内温性、物理保护和伪装相关的关键特征,其地质历史记录可追溯至中生代.然而,关于毛发化石埋藏学的认识有限,阻碍了对其深时演化意义的理解.为此,我们对黑色毛发样品开展了梯度成熟实验来模拟化石毛发的埋藏过程.通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FtIR)和拉曼光谱技术记录了模拟过程中毛发的形态结构、微观特征和化学成分的变化.结果表明,毛发的形态在温度达到150~175℃时就出现了损伤,在更高温度(200℃)下,毛发的形态完全丢失转变为流体状物质.但是毛发中黑素体的形态结构则具有更高的保存潜力,其微观结构也更稳定.拉曼光谱和FtIR光谱显示,随着温度升高,黑色素和角蛋白的特征峰发生了变化.尽管化学信号并未完全丧失,但FtIR光谱中酰胺特征峰的变化表明,角蛋白在高温(>200℃)下严重降解,而拉曼光谱中的黑色素特征峰则在高温下仍可被识别.这些结果通过主成分分析(PCA)和主成分分析-线性判别分析(PCA-LDA)得到了进一步的验证.此外,所有毛发样品在模拟实验中的拉曼信号均可与常见的地质碳质材料(腐殖酸)信号相区分,这表明拉曼光谱可用于检测化石中的黑色素.

关键词：哺乳动物毛发黑色素角蛋白化石化模拟埋藏

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Deep view of composite SnR CtA1 with LHAASO in γ-rays up to 300 teV

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年

作者： Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu Y.x.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri x.J.Bi Y.J.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.Cao W.Y.Cao Zhe Cao J.chang J.F.chang A.M.chen E.S.chen H.x.chen Liang chen Lin chen Long chen M.J.chen M.L.chen Q.H.chen S.chen S.H.chen S.Z.chen t.L.chen Y.chen n.cheng Y.D.cheng M.C.chu M.Y.Cui S.W.Cui x.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu x.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.H.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng H.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng x.t.Feng Y.Feng Y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge t.t.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.L.Guo J.Guo x.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han O.A.Hannuksela M.Hasan H.H.He H.n.He J.Y.He Y.He Y.K.Hor B.W.Hou C.Hou x.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.C.Hu C.Huang D.H.Huang t.Q.Huang W.J.Huang x.t.Huang x.Y.Huang Y.Huang Y.Y.Huang x.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jia H.B.Jiang K.Jiang x.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov D.Khangulyan D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li C.M.Li cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li x.R.Li xin Li Y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu D.B.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.Liu Y.n.Liu Q.Luo Y.Luo H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma x.H.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri H.J.Mu Y.C.nan A.neronov K.C.Y.ng L.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei J.C.Qi M.Y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.Raza D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev x.D.Sheng F.W.Shu H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su D.x.Sun Q.n.Sun x.n.Sun Z.B.Sun J.takata P.H.t.tam Q.W.tang R.tang Z.B.tang W.W.tian L.H.Wan C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang H.G.Wang H.H.Wang J.C.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang P.H.Wang R.Wang W.Wang x.G.Wang x.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.x.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei t.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu x.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.xi J.xia G.M.xiang D.x.xiao G.xiao Y.L.xin Y.xing D.R.xiong Z.xiong D.L.xu R.F.xu R.x.xu W.L.xu L.xue D.H.Yan J.Z.Yan t.Yan C.W.Yang C.Y.Yang F.Yang F.F.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang W.x.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao L.Q.Yin n.Yin x.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H Southwest Jiaotong University School of Astronomy and Space Science nanjing University Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao tong University Institute for nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Hebei normal University University of Science and technology of china LHAASO Collaboration State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Astronomy Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Yunnan University Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (tibet University) Ministry of Education Department of Physics the chinese University of Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and technology national Astronomical Observatories chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of nuclear Engineering and technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Institute of High Energy Physics Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University APC Université Paris Cité CnRS/In2P3 CEA/IRFU Observatoire de Paris Department of Engineering Physics & Department of Astronomy tsinghua University School of Physics and Microelectronics chinese Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou University Yunnan Observatories chinese Academy of Sciences china Center of Advanced Science and technology College of Physics Sichuan University School of Physics Peking University Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and technology University of chinese Academy of Sciences Guangxi University Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Moscow Institute

the ultra-high-energy（UHE） gamma-ray source 1LHAASO J0007+7303u is positionally associated with the composite SnR CtA1 that is located at high Galactic Latitude b ≈ 10.5°. this provides a rare opportunity to spatially resolve the component of the pulsar wind nebula（PWn） and supernova remnant（SnR） at UHE. this paper conducted a dedicated data analysis of 1LHAASO J0007+7303u using the data collected from December 2019 to July 2023. this source is well detected with significances of 21σ and 17σ at 8-100 teV and >100 teV, respectively. the corresponding extensions are determined to be 0.23°±0.03°and 0.17°±0.03°. the emission is proposed to originate from the relativistic electrons accelerated within the PWn of PSR J0007+7303. the energy spectrum is well described by a power-law with an exponential cutoff function dn/dE =（42.4 ± 4.1）(E/（20 teV）)-2.31±0.11exp(-E/（110±25 teV）) teV-1cm-2s-1in the energy range from 8 to 300 teV, implying a steady-state parent electron spectrum dne/dEe∝(Ee/（100 teV）)-3.13±0.16exp[(-Ee/（373±70 teV）)2] at energies above ≈ 50 teV. the cutoff energy of the electron spectrum is roughly equal to the expected current maximum energy of particles accelerated at the PWn terminal shock. Combining the x-ray and gamma-ray emission, the current space-averaged magnetic field can be limited to≈ 4.5 μG. to satisfy the multi-wavelength spectrum and the γ-ray extensions, the transport of relativistic particles within the PWn is likely dominated by the advection process under the free-expansion phase assumption.

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LHAASO detection of very-high-energy γ-ray emission surrounding PSR J0248+6021

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年

We report the detection of an extended very-high-energy(VHE) γ-ray source coincident with the location of middle-aged(62.4 kyr) pulsar PSR J0248+6021, by using the LHAASO-WCDA data of live 796 d and LHAASO-KM2A data of live 1216d. A significant excess of γ-ray induced showers is observed both by WCDA in energy bands of 1-25 te V and KM2A in energy bands of >25 teV with 7.3σ and 13.5σ, respectively. the best-fit position derived through WCDA data is R.A. = 42.06°± 0.12°and Dec. = 60.24°± 0.13°with an extension of 0.69°±0.15°and that of the KM2A data is R.A.= 42.29°± 0.13°and Dec. =60.38°± 0.07°with an extension of 0.37°±0.07°. no clear extended multiwavelength counterpart of this LHAASO source has been found from the radio band to the GeV band. the most plausible explanation of the VHE γ-ray emission is the inverse Compton process of highly relativistic electrons and positrons injected by the pulsar. these electrons/positrons are hypothesized to be either confined within the pulsar wind nebula or to have already escaped into the interstellar medium, forming a pulsar halo.

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