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Comparing Fine-Tuning, Zero and Few-Shot Strategies with Large Language Models in Hate Speech Detection in english

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2849-2868页

作者： Ronghao pan JoséAntonio García-Díaz Rafael Valencia-García Departamento de Informática y Sistemas Universidad de MurciaCampus de EspinardoMurcia30100Spain

Large Language Models(LLMs)are increasingly demonstrating their ability to understand natural language and solve complex tasks,especially through text *** of the relevant capabilities is contextual learning,which involves the ability to receive instructions in natural language or task demonstrations to generate expected outputs for test instances without the need for additional training or gradient *** recent years,the popularity of social networking has provided a medium through which some users can engage in offensive and harmful online *** this study,we investigate the ability of different LLMs,ranging from zero-shot and few-shot learning to *** experiments show that LLMs can identify sexist and hateful online texts using zero-shot and few-shot approaches through information ***,it is found that the encoder-decoder model called Zephyr achieves the best results with the fine-tuning approach,scoring 86.811%on the explainable Detection of Online Sexism(eDOS)test-set and 57.453%on the Multilingual Detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in Twitter(Hateval)***,it is confirmed that the evaluated models perform well in hate text detection,as they beat the best result in the Hateval task *** error analysis shows that contextual learning had difficulty distinguishing between types of hate speech and figurative ***,the fine-tuned approach tends to produce many false positives.

关键词： Hate speech detection zero-shot few-shot fine-tuning natural language processing

Crystallization of Re_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)SO_(4)·nH_(2)O as a new family of layered hydroxides(Re=Gd-Lu lanthanides and y),derivation of Re_(2)O_(2)SO_(4),photoluminescence and optical thermometry

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Journal of Rare earths 2024年第8期42卷 1496-1506,I0003页

作者： Fan Li Zhenqi Song Zhiyuan pan Sihan Feng Qi Zhu Ji-Guang Li Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819China Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials ScienceTSsukuboaIbaraki3050044Japan

Layered rare-earth hydroxides(LReHs) draw wide research interest because of their peculiar crystal structure,rich interlayer chemistry and abundant functionality of the Re element,but are limited to the two categories of Re_(2)(OH)_(5)A·nH_(2)O(A:typical of Cl^(-)or NO_(3)^(-)) and Re_(2)(OH)_(4)SO_(4)·nH_(2)*** the other hand,rare-earth oxysulfates(Re_(2)O_(2)SO_(4)) have attracted attention due to their properties of large-capacity oxygen storage,low-temperature magnetism and luminescence,but their preparation procedure mostly involves toxic SO_(x) gases and/or complicated *** this work,Re_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)SO_(4)·nH_(2)O as a new family of LReHs(Re=Gd-Lu lanthanides and y) were produced via hydrothermal reaction,from which phase-pure Re_(2)O_(2)SO_(4) was derived via subsequent annealing at 800℃ in air without the involvement of SO_(x),The compounds were thoroughly characterized to reveal the intrinsic influence of lanthanide contraction(Re^(3+) radius) on crystal structure,thermal behavior(dehydroxylation/decarbonation/desulfurization),vibrational property and crystallite *** analyzing the photoluminescence of eu^(3+) and Sm^(3+)in the Gd_(2)O_(2)SO_(4) typical host it is found that the 617 nm(eu^(3+),λ_(ex)=275 nm) and 608 nm(Sm^(3+),λ_(ex)=407 nm) main emissions can retain as high as ^(7)9.6% and 85.5%of their room-temperature intensities at 423 K,with activation energies of ~0.19 and 0.21 eV for thermal quenching,*** also indicates that both the phosphors have the potential for optical temperature sensing via the fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR) technology,whose maximum relative sensitivity reaches -2.70%/K for eu^(3+)and 1.73%/K for Sm^(3+) at 298 K.

关键词： Layered hydroxide Re_(2)O_(2)SO_(4) Luminescence Optical temperature sensing Rare earths

Genetically modified non-human primate models for research on neurodegenerative diseases

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 263-274页

作者： Ming-Tian pan Han Zhang xiao-Jiang Li xiang-yu Guo Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510632China

Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)are a group of debilitating neurological disorders that primarily affect elderly populations and include Alzheimer's disease(AD),Parkinson's disease(PD),Huntington's disease(HD),and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).Currently,there are no therapies available that can delay,stop,or reverse the pathological progression of NDs in clinical *** the population ages,NDs are imposing a huge burden on public health systems and affected *** models are important tools for preclinical investigations to understand disease pathogenesis and test potential *** numerous rodent models of NDs have been developed to enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms,the limited success of translating findings from animal models to clinical practice suggests that there is still a need to bridge this translation *** World nonhuman primates(NHPs),such as rhesus,cynomolgus,and vervet monkeys,are phylogenetically,physiologically,biochemically,and behaviorally most relevant to *** is particularly evident in the similarity of the structure and function of their central nervous systems,rendering such species uniquely valuable for neuroscience ***,the development of several genetically modified NHP models of NDs has successfully recapitulated key pathologies and revealed novel *** review focuses on the efficacy of NHPs in modeling NDs and the novel pathological insights gained,as well as the challenges associated with the generation of such models and the complexities involved in their subsequent analysis.

关键词： Neurodegeneration Non-human primate Macaque monkey Animal model Gene modification

Five-year analysis of isolated pathogens and antibiotic resistance of ocular infections from two large tertiary comprehensive hospitals in east China

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2024年第9期17卷 1707-1716页

作者： pan-pan Li Li Li Jun-Fang Zhang Bai Qin Li-Hua Kang Min Ji Huai-Jin Guan Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou 215123Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Laboratory Nantong City No.1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001Jiangsu ProvinceChina

AIM:To analyze the spectrum of isolated pathogens and antibiotic resistance for ocular infections within 5y at two tertiary hospitals in east ***:Ocular specimen data were collected from January 2019 to October *** pathogen spectrum and positive culture rate for different infection location,such as keratitis,endophthalmitis,and periocular infections,along with antibiotic resistance were ***:We included 2727 specimens,including 827(30.33%)positive cultures.A total of 871 strains were isolated,530(60.85%)bacterial and 341(39.15%)fungal strains were ***-positive cocci(GPC)were the most common ocular *** most common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis(25.03%),Staphylococcus aureus(7.46%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(4.59%),Corynebacterium macginleyi(3.44%),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(3.33%).The most common fungal genera were Fusarium spp.(12.74%),Aspergillus spp.(6.54%),and Scedosporium spp.(5.74%).Staphylococcus epidermidis strains showed more than 50%resistance to *** pneumoniae and Corynebacterium macginleyi showed more than 90%resistance to *** percentage of bacteria showing multidrug resistance(MDR)significantly decreased(χ^(2)=17.44,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:GPC are the most common ocular *** macginleyi,as the fourth common bacterium,may currently be the local microbiological feature of east *** *** the most common *** than 50%of the GPC are resistant to fluoroquinolones,penicillins,and ***,the proportion of MDR strains has been reduced over time.

关键词： ocular infections bacteria fungus antibiotic resistance multidrug resistance

effect of Rare-earth element Substitution in Superconducting R_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) under Pressure

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第8期41卷 77-81页

作者： Zhiming pan Chen Lu Fan yang Congjun Wu Institute for Theoretical Sciences Westlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Department of PhysicsSchool of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China School of Physics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province School of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhou 310024China

Recently,high temperature(T_(c)≈80 K)superconductivity(SC)has been discovered in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)(LNO)under *** raises the question of whether the superconducting transition temperature T_(c) could be further enhanced under suitable *** possible route for achieving higher T_(c) is element *** SC could appear in the Fmmm phase of rare-earth(Re)R_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)(RNO,R=Re element)material series under suitable *** electronic properties in the RNO materials are dominated by the Ni 3d orbitals in the bilayer NiO_(2) *** the strong coupling limit,the SC could be fully characterized by a bilayer single 3d_(x^(2)−y^(2))-orbital t–J‖–J⊥ *** Re element substitution from La to other Re element,the lattice constant of the Fmmm RNO material decreases,and the resultant electronic hopping integral increases,leading to stronger superexchanges between the 3d_(x^(2)−y^(2)) *** on the slave-boson mean-field theory,we explore the pairing nature and the evolution of T_(c) in RNO materials under ***,it is found that the element substitution does not alter the pairing nature,i.e.,the inter-layer s-wave pairing is always favored in the superconducting RNO under ***,the T_(c) increases from La to Sm,and a nearly doubled T_(c) could be realized in SmNO under *** work provides evidence for possible higher T_(c) R_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) materials,which may be realized in further experiments.

关键词： element substitution Rare

A First-principles Study on the Adhesion Strength,Interfacial Stability,and electronic Properties of Mg/Mg_(2)y Interface

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(english Letters) 2024年第3期37卷 537-550页

作者： yunxuan Zhou Wenjun Tian Quan Dong Hailian Wang Jun Tan xianhua Chen Kaihong Zheng Fusheng pan College of Materials Science and engineering National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium AlloysChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Institute of New Materials Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China

The interfacial microstructures and configurations directly affect the comprehensive properties of the composites,but their interfacial adhesion mechanism is complicated to expound by experimental *** this work,based on the stacking sequence of the Mg/Mg_(2)y interface models,nine different Mg/Mg_(2)y interface configurations with top site,bridge site,and hollow site(HCP)under Mg1,Mg_(2),and y terminations were successfully constructed and systematically explored by first-principles *** results showed that the Mg_(2)y(0001)surface with y termination is the most stable when the yttrium chemical potential()is less than-1.09 eV;otherwise,Mg_(2)y(0001)surface with Mg1 termination is the most *** seven-layer Mg(0001)and eleven-layer Mg_(2)y(0001)slabs are employed to reflect the bulk-like interior ***,the Mg(0001)/Mg_(2)y(0001)with the y-HCP stacking has the largest interface thermodynamic stability with the value of 2.383 J/m^(2) in all interface configurations owing to its largest work of *** addition,the interfacial energy of y-HCP stacking is significantly smaller than those of Mg1-HCP when is approximately less than-0.55 eV,showing that it is more *** thermodynamic stability of Mg/Mg_(2)y with y-HCP is due to Mg-y chemical bonds formed between Mg and y ***,the Mg/Mg_(2)y interfaces are strong interfaces based on the Griffith fracture theory.

关键词： Mg/Mg_(2)y interface Interface stability Work of adhesion electronic structure First-principles calculations

基于极限分析上限法的地震作用下分层地基盾构隧道开挖面稳定性研究

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岩土力学 2024年第4期45卷 1201-1213页

作者：张治国罗杰朱正国 pan y T 孙苗苗上海理工大学环境与建筑学院上海200093 石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室河北石家庄050043 新加坡国立大学土木与环境工程系新加坡119077 浙大城市学院土木工程系浙江杭州310015 浙大城市学院城市基础设施智能化浙江省工程研究中心浙江杭州310015

目前针对盾构隧道开挖面稳定性的研究还较少考虑土体分层特性和地震作用的耦合影响,因此构建了一种在分层土体中考虑地震作用的开挖面三维对数螺旋破坏模型进行研究。首先,将地震引起的动态响应通过拟静力法简化为水平和竖直两个方向上... 详细信息

目前针对盾构隧道开挖面稳定性的研究还较少考虑土体分层特性和地震作用的耦合影响,因此构建了一种在分层土体中考虑地震作用的开挖面三维对数螺旋破坏模型进行研究。首先,将地震引起的动态响应通过拟静力法简化为水平和竖直两个方向上的惯性力作用;其次,在均质土体中的三维对数螺旋破坏机制的基础上,将其改进为适用于分层土体的三维对数螺旋破坏机制;再次,根据上限定理,在虚功率方程中引入地震惯性力所做功率,得到考虑土体分层特性和地震作用条件下的盾构隧道开挖面支护力的上限解;最后,将上限理论解与三维数值模拟结果和既有模型试验结果进行对比,得到了较好的一致性。此外,针对水平地震加速度系数和地层厚度对关键物理特征进行了影响因素分析。结果表明,当比例系数ζ>0时,极限支护力随水平地震加速度系数的增大显著增大;当ζ<0时,极限支护力随水平地震加速度系数增大而增大的趋势减弱。当水平地震加速度系数kh=0时,即在无地震作用情况下,归一化极限支护力不随ζ的变化而变化;在上硬下软土层中,下部土层厚度比的增大会引起极限支护力的增大,在上软下硬土层中,下部土层厚度比的增大会引起极限支护力的减小。

关键词：盾构隧道开挖面稳定性地震作用分层土体上限定理

Manipulating the Macroscopic and Microscopic Morphology of Large-Area Gravure-Printed ZnO Films for High-Performance Flexible Organic Solar Cells

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energy & environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 229-239页

作者： Zhenguo Wang Jingbo Guo yaqin pan Jin Fang Chao Gong Lixin Mo Qun Luo Jian Lin Changqi Ma School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China i-Lab&Printable electronics Research Center Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Suzhou 215123China Beijing engineering Research Center of Printed electronics Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationBeijing 102600China Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Nanchang 330200China

Gravure printing is a promising large-scale fabrication method for flexible organic solar cells(FOSCs)because it is compatible with two-dimension patternable roll-to-roll ***,the unsuitable rheological property of ZnO nanoinks resulted in unevenness and looseness of the gravure-printed ZnO interfacial *** we propose a strategy to manipulate the macroscopic and microscopic of the gravure-printed ZnO films through using mixed solvent and poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP)*** regulation of drying speed effectively manipulates the droplets fusion and leveling process and eliminates the printing ribbing structure in the macroscopic *** additive of PVP effectively regulates the rheological property and improves the microscopic compactness of the *** this method,large-area ZnO∶PVP films(28×9 cm^(2))with excellent uniformity,compactness,conductivity,and bending durability were *** power conversion efficiencies of FOSCs with gravure-printed AgNWs and ZnO∶PVP films reached 14.34%and 17.07%for the 1 cm^(2)PM6:y6 and PM6∶L8-BO flexible *** efficiency of 17.07%is the highest value to date for the 1 cm^(2)*** use of mixed solvent and PVP addition also significantly enlarged the printing window of ZnO ink,ensuring high-quality printed thin films with thicknesses varying from 30 to 100 nm.

关键词： flexible organic solar cell gravure printing large-area flexible interfacial layer rheology properties zinc oxide

Influence of heat treatment on microstructure,mechanical and corrosion behavior of We43 alloy fabricated by laser-beam powder bed fusion

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International Journal of extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 258-275页

作者： Chenrong Ling Qiang Li Zhe Zhang youwen yang Wenhao Zhou Wenlong Chen Zhi Dong Chunrong pan Cijun Shuai College of Mechanical and electrical engineering Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical and electronic engineering Suzhou UniversitySuzhou 234000People’s Republic of China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal ResearchXi’an 710016People’s Republic of China Department of Orthopedics First Afffliated Hospital of Gannan Medical CollegeGanzhou 341000People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical and Automotive engineering South China university of technologyGuangzhou 510641People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing Central South UniversityChangsha 410083People’s Republic of China Double Medical Technology Inc. Xiamen 361026People’s Republic of China

Magnesium(Mg)alloys are considered to be a new generation of revolutionary medical ***-beam powder bed fusion(PBF-LB)is suitable for fabricating metal implants withpersonalized and complicated ***,the as-built part usually exhibits undesirable microstructure and unsatisfactory *** this work,We43 parts were firstly fabricated by PBF-LB and then subjected to heat *** a high densification rate of 99.91%was achieved using suitable processes,the as-built parts exhibited anisotropic and layeredmicrostructure with heterogeneously precipitated Nd-rich *** heat treatment,fine and nano-scaled Mg24y5particles were ***,theα-Mg grainsunderwent recrystallization and turned coarsened slightly,which effectively weakened thetexture intensity and reduced the *** a consequence,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were significantly improved to(250.2±3.5)MPa and(312±3.7)MPa,respectively,while the elongation was still maintained at a high level of 15.2%.Furthermore,the homogenized microstructure reduced the tendency of localized corrosion and favoredthe development of uniform passivation ***,the degradation rate of We43 parts was decreased by an order of ***,in-vitro cell experiments proved their favorable biocompatibility.

关键词： laser-beam powder bed fusion We43 alloys heat treatment mechanical performance biodegradation behavior