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Bulk nanocrystalline W-Ti alloys with exceptional mechanical properties and thermal stability

Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第19期114卷 16-28页

作者： H.x.xue x.c.cai B.R.Sun x.Shen c.c.Du x.J.Wang T.T.Yang S.W.xin T.D.Shen clean Nano Energy center State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China cSSc 723rd Research Institute China State Shipbuilding Corporation LimitedYangzhou 225000China

Nanocrystalline(Nc)W metals and alloys often exhibit higher radiation tolerance and strength than their coarse-grained counterparts.However,their thermal stability is low,making it difficult to achieve bulk Nc W metals and alloys by consolidation using conventional techniques such as pressure-less sintering,hot-explosive-compaction sintering,and spark plasma sintering.Here we report the synthesis and mechanical properties of bulk Nc W_(100-x)Ti_(x)(x=10 at.%-30 at.%)alloys prepared by consolidating mechanically alloyed Nc powders under a high-temperature/high-pressure condition.Adding 20 at.%-30 at.%Ti largely improves the sinterability of Nc W-Ti alloy powders.The room-temperature microhardness and compressive yield strength of consolidated bulk Nc W_(80)Ti_(20) alloy are∼16.9 and 6.0 GPa,respectively,which are mainly caused by grain boundary strengthening and significantly higher than those of previously reported W and W alloys.The ultimate compressive strength of bulk Nc W_(80)Ti_(20) measured between 900 and 1100°c deceases with increasing temperature.This behavior can be explained by the activation of Rachinger grain boundary sliding.No grain growth is observed in bulk Nc W_(80)Ti_(20) after compression at 1000°c.Theoretical calculation suggests that it is the segregation of Ti at grain boundaries that decreases the specific grain boundary free energy and makes the Nc W_(80)Ti_(20) alloy thermodynamically stable.

关键词： Nanocrystalline W-Ti alloys Segregation Grain boundary energy Strength Hardness

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Key Technologies and Prospects for Electric Vehicles Within Emerging Power Systems: Insights from Five Aspects

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cSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 439-447页

作者： Yalun Li Minggao Ouyang c.c.chan xueliang Sun Yonghua Song Wei cai Yilin xie Yuqiong Mao Department of Electrical Engineering and School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 3K7Canada State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart city University of MacaoTaipaMacao 999078China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin 150080China

The energy revolution requires coordination in energy consumption, supply, storage and institutional systems.Renewable energy generation technologies, along with their associated costs, are already fully equipped for large-scale promotion.However, energy storage remains a bottleneck, and solutions areneeded through the use of electric vehicles, which traditionallyplay the role of energy consumption in power systems. Toclarify the key technologies and institutions that support EVsas terminals for energy use, storage, and feedback, the cSEEJPES forum assembled renowned experts and scholars in relevantfields to deliver keynote reports and engage in discussions ontopics such as vehicle–grid integration technology, advancedsolid-state battery technology, high-performance electric motortechnology, and institutional innovation in the industry chain.These experts also provided prospects for energy storage andutilization technologies capable of decarbonizing new powersystems.

关键词： Electric vehicles engineering philosophy highpower density motor new power system solid state batteries vehicle grid integration.

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High‑Entropy Layered Oxide cathode Enabling High‑Rate for Solid‑State Sodium‑Ion Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 160-171页

作者： Tianxun cai Mingzhi cai Jinxiao Mu Siwei Zhao Hui Bi Wei Zhao Wujie Dong Fuqiang Huang State Key Laboratory of High Performance ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials chemistry and Applications College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871People’s Republic of China center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China Zhongke Institute of Strategic Emerging Materials Yixing 214213JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China

Na-ion O3-type layered oxides are prospective cathodes for Na-ion batteries due to high energy density and low-cost.Nevertheless,such cathodes usually suffer from phase transitions,sluggish kinetics and air instability,making it difficult to achieve high performance solid-state sodium-ion batteries.Herein,the high-entropy design and Li doping strategy alleviate lattice stress and enhance ionic conductivity,achieving high-rate performance,air stability and electrochemically thermal stability for Na_(0.95)Li_(0.06)Ni_(0.25)cu_(0.05)Fe_(0.15)Mn_(0.49)O_(2).This cathode delivers a high reversible capacity(141 mAh g^(−1)at 0.2c),excellent rate capability(111 mAh g^(−1)at 8c,85 mAh g^(−1)even at 20c),and long-term stability(over 85%capacity retention after 1000 cycles),which is attributed to a rapid and reversible O3–P3 phase transition in regions of low voltage and suppresses phase transition.Moreover,the compound remains unchanged over seven days and keeps thermal stability until 279℃.Remarkably,the polymer solid-state sodium battery assembled by this cathode provides a capacity of 92 mAh g^(−1)at 5c and keeps retention of 96%after 400 cycles.This strategy inspires more rational designs and could be applied to a series of O3 cathodes to improve the performance of solid-state Na-ion batteries.

关键词： High-entropy High-rate performance Li-TM interaction Air stability O3 layered oxide cathode

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An ultra-porous g-c_(3)N_(4) micro-tube coupled with Mxene(Ti_(3)c_(2)Tx)nanosheets for efficient degradation of organics under natural sunlight

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 258-270页

作者： Zongyang Ya Qiyou Wang Jingjin cai Peng Wang xinyu Jiang Zhiyin cai Shanglin xiang Tingwei Wang Dongyu cai college of Materials Science&Engineering Nanjing Tech University30 South PuZhu RoadNanjing 211816China Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLOFE)&Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials(SICAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South PuZhu RoadNanjing 211816China

It remains as a challenge for realizing efficient photo-responsive catalysts towards largescale degradation of organic pollutants under natural sunlight.This work reports a new pore engineering strategy for creating ultra-porous g-c_(3)N_(4) micro-tubes with an unprecedentedly high specific surface area of 152.96 m^(2)/g.This is mainly associated with releasing internal vapor pressure in the autoclave where the hydrothermal treatment of the urea/melamine mixture is processed.Supported by microscopic observation,porosity measurement and spectroscopic characterization,it is found that releasing the pressure at halfway of hydrothermal process is vital for forming exfoliated rod-like precursors and the de-aggregation of these rods presents substantial benefits on the production of mesopores on g-c_(3)N_(4) microtubes during the calcination of precursors.This offers a large number of reactive sites required by photocatalytic reaction.coupling these micro-tubes with Ti_(3)c_(2)T_(x) nanosheets via electrostatic interaction yields a 1D/2D heterojunction with a close interfacial contact.The addition of metallically conductive Ti_(3)c_(2)T_(x) nanosheets accelerates the separation between electrons and holes,and also enhances the light absorption.All these merits of structural design lead to forming a group of highly efficient catalysts demonstrating an excellent photocatalytic degradation rate of k=0.0560 min^(-1)for RhB dyes under 100 mW/cm~2 visible light radiation that micks sunlight outdoors.This laboratory valuation is further supported by an outdoor test that shows a fast degradation rate of 0.0744 min^(-1)under natural sunlight.

关键词： carbon nitride Mxene Heterojunction Photocatalysis

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Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPScs):molecular mechanisms of induction and applications

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2065-2090页

作者： Jonas cerneckis Hongxia cai Yanhong Shi Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA Irell&Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA

The induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSc)technology has transformed in vitro research and holds great promise to advance regenerative medicine.iPScs have the capacity for an almost unlimited expansion,are amenable to genetic engineering,and can be differentiated into most somatic cell types.iPScs have been widely applied to model human development and diseases,perform drug screening,and develop cell therapies.In this review,we outline key developments in the iPSc field and highlight the immense versatility of the iPSc technology for in vitro modeling and therapeutic applications.We begin by discussing the pivotal discoveries that revealed the potential of a somatic cell nucleus for reprogramming and led to successful generation of iPScs.We consider the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of somatic cell reprogramming as well as the numerous methods available to induce pluripotency.Subsequently,we discuss various iPSc-based cellular models,from mono-cultures of a single cell type to complex three-dimensional organoids,and how these models can be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of human development and diseases.We use examples of neurological disorders,coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19),and cancer to highlight the diversity of disease-specific phenotypes that can be modeled using iPSc-derived cells.We also consider how iPSc-derived cellular models can be used in high-throughput drug screening and drug toxicity studies.Finally,we discuss the process of developing autologous and allogeneic iPSc-based cell therapies and their potential to alleviate human diseases.

关键词： mechanisms programming holds

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Blood pressure targets in patients with chronic kidney disease:comments and controversies

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chinese Medical Journal 2024年第3期137卷 270-272页

作者： Ying Zheng Guangyan cai xiangmei chen Department of Nephrology First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNational Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease ResearchBeijing 100853China

According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017,there are 132 million patients with chronic kidney disease(cKD)in china,^([1])and the prevalence of hypertension in chinese patients with cKD(67.3%)is significantly higher than that in the general population(23.2%).^([2,3])cKD is both a cause and a consequence of hypertension,and these two conditions form a vicious cycle that leads to the high prevalence rate of hypertension in patients with cKD.Uncontrolled hypertension accelerates the deterioration of renal function,which significantly increases the risk of developing end-stage renal disease(ESRD),as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,leading to poor patient outcomes.

关键词： patients Blood hypertension

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Optimization of resource allocation in FDD massive MIMO systems

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Digital communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 117-125页

作者： Jun cai chuan Yin Youwei Ding School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Techology Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210046China School of Electronic and Information Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018ZhejiangChina

The performance of massive MIMO systems relies heavily on the availability of channel State Information at the Transmitter(cSIT).A large amount of work has been devoted to reducing the cSIT acquisition overhead at the pilot training and/or csI feedback stage.In fact,the downlink communication generally includes three stages,i.e.,pilot training,csI feedback,and data transmission.These three stages are mutually related and jointly determine the overall system performance.Unfortunately,there exist few studies on the reduction of csIT acquisition overhead from the global point of view.In this paper,we integrate the Minimum Mean Square Error(MMSE)channel estimation,Random Vector Quantization(RVQ)based limited feedback and Maximal Ratio combining(MRc)precoding into a unified framework for investigating the resource allocation problem.In particular,we first approximate the covariance matrix of the quantization error with a simple expression and derive an analytical expression of the received Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)based on the deterministic equivalence theory.Then the three performance metrics(the spectral efficiency,energy efficiency,and total energy consumption)oriented problems are formulated analytically.With practical system requirements,these three metrics can be collaboratively optimized.Finally,we propose an optimization solver to derive the optimal partition of channel coherence time.Experiment results verify the benefits of the proposed resource allocation schemes under three different scenarios and illustrate the tradeoff of resource allocation between three stages.

关键词： Massive MIMO FDD cSIT Resource allocation

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Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets mitigate cadmium toxicity in Glycine max L.by promoting cadmium retention in root and improving photosynthetic performance

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 543-555页

作者： Kai xu Yunyu Guo chenghua xing Ronglong Fu Bin Zou Rongchuan Liu Luyi cai Jianfang Yan xi-Lin Wu Miaozhen cai college of Geography and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China college of Agriculture Jinhua PolytechnicJinhua 321007China

cadmium(cd)pollution poses a serious threat to plant growth and yield.Nanomaterials have shown great application potential for alleviation of cd toxicity to plants.In this study,we applied graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets(g-c_(3)N_(4)NSs)for alleviation of cd-toxicity to soybean(Glycine max L.).The g-c_(3)N_(4)NSs supplementation significantly improved plant growth and reduced oxidative damage in the cd-toxicated soybean seedlings through hydroponic culture.Particularly,the g-c_(3)N_(4)NSs dynamically regulated the root cell wall(RcW)components by increasing pectin content and modifying its demethylation via enhancing pectin methylesterase(PME)activity,therefore greatly enhanced stronger RcW-cd retention(up to 82.8%)and reduced cd migration to the shoot.Additionally,the g-c_(3)N_(4)NSs reversed the cd-induced chlorosis,increased photosynthetic efficiency because of enhancement in F_v/F_mration,Y(Ⅱ)and sugars content.These results provide new insights into the alleviation of cd toxicity to plants by g-c_(3)N_(4)NSs,and shed light on the application of low-cost and environmental-friendly carbon-based NMs for alleviating heavy metal toxicity to plants.

关键词： cadmium carbon nitride nanosheets cell wall Pectin Pectin methylesterase Soybean

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Structural characteristics and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions at county-level and long-time scales:A case study of the Anji county,china

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 319-330页

作者： Zhouxiang cai Liting Hu Di chen Ying Zhang xuekun Fang college of Environmental&Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China center for Global change Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139United States Anji Meteorological Bureau Anji 313300China

To achieve carbon neutrality,the chinese government needs to gain a comprehensive understanding of the sources and drivers of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,particularly at the county level.Anji county in eastern china is a typical example of an industrial transformation from quarrying to a low-carbon economy.This study analyzed the decoupling types and structural characteristics of GHG emissions and the driving factors of carbon dioxide(cO_(2))emissions in the Anji from 2006 to 2019,and explored the differences between countylevel and provincial-level or city-level results.It was observed that energy-related activities are the main source of GHG emissions in Anji and that economic development is the driving factor behind the increasing cO_(2)emissions.However,industrial transformation and upgradation coupled with the alternative use of clean energy limit the growth of GHG emissions.This study details the GHG emissions of county during the industrial transformation stage and provides corresponding policy recommendations for county governments.

关键词： county GHG emissions Decoupling Driving factors Policy recommendations

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Ubiquitin-specific protease 21 promotes tumorigenicity and stemness of colorectal cancer by deubiquitinating and stabilizing ZEB1

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 1006-1018页

作者： Jun-Jun Lin Ye-cai Lu Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityChaohu 238000Anhui ProvinceChina

BAcKGROUND colorectal cancer(cRc)is one very usual tumor together with higher death rate.Ubiquitin-specific protease 21(USP21)has been confirmed to take part into the regulation of cRc progression through serving as a facilitator.Interestingly,the promotive function of USP21 has also discovered in the progression of cRc.ZEB1 has illustrated to be modulated by USP7,USP22 and USP51 in cancers.However,the regulatory functions of USP21 on ZEB1 in cRc progression need more invest-igations.AIM To investigate the relationship between USP21 and ZEB1 in cRc progression.METHODS The mRNA and protein expressions were assessed through RT-qPcR,western blot and IHc assay.The interaction between USP21 and ZEB1 was evaluated through co-IP and GST pull down assays.The cell proliferation was detected through colony formation assay.The cell migration and invasion abilities were determined through Transwell assay.The stemness was tested through sphere formation assay.The tumor growth was evaluated through in vivo mice assay.RESULTS In this work,USP21 and ZEB1 exhibited higher expression in cRc,and resulted into poor prognosis.Moreover,the interaction between USP21 and ZEB1 was further investigated.It was demonstrated that USP21 contributed to the stability of ZEB1 through modulating ubiquitination level.In addition,USP21 streng-thened cell proliferation,migration and stemness through regulating ZEB1.At last,through in vivo assays,it was illustrated that USP21/ZEB1 axis aggravated tumor growth.cONcLUSION For the first time,these above findings manifested that USP21 promoted tumorigenicity and stemness of cRc by deubiquitinating and stabilizing ZEB1.This discovery suggested that USP21/ZEB1 axis may provide novel sights for the treatment of cRc.

关键词： Ubiquitin-specific protease 21 ZEB1 Stemness colorectal cancer

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