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Numerical investigation on ball-sealers transport and diversion performance in shale gas horizontal well based on semi-resolved CFD-DEM

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Particuology 2024年第10期93卷 137-153页

作者： Yinjian Huang Jinzhou Zhao Lan Ren Ran Lin Jianfa wu Cheng Shen Jianjun wu Bing Li National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory Chengdu610213China Shale Gas Research institute PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield CompanyChengdu610056China PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited Xi’an710082China

In the staged multi-cluster fracturing of shale gas horizontal wells, ball sealers are used to ensure uniform fluid distribution among clusters, a strategy that is both cost-effective and operationally beneficial. Despite these advantages, comprehending the ball sealers' dynamics within the wellbore and their plugging behavior at perforations is still challenging. This complexity results in prediction difficulties regarding their diversion efficiency. To address this, our study utilized a semi-resolved CFD-DEM model based on kernel approximation to simulate the behavior of medium-sized ball sealers in single and multiple cluster scenarios. Our findings from a single cluster scenario reveal that the plugging probability is co-determined by velocity gradients in the fluid ingestion area near the perforation, backflow region, and inertial forces of the ball sealers. As the critical flow rate is achieved, the plugging probability negatively correlated with fluid viscosity and displacement, and positively correlated with the perforation flow ratio (PFR), the difference in particle-fluid density, ball sealer’s diameter, and the ball sealer’s offset from the pipeline center. Temporary plugging control efficiency was used to evaluate the flow balance effect among multiple clusters. The results indicate that an increased number of ball sealers enhances the fault tolerance during the temporary plugging process. Nevertheless, excessive ball sealers might undermine the temporary plugging control efficiency, as perforations with lower fluid inflow rates are unexpectedly plugging. Higher differences in fluid injection rates between clusters led to increased efficiency in temporary plugging control. Premature deployment of ball sealers cannot effectively plug perforations with marginally higher fluid inflow rates, but instead accidently plug intermediate clusters with lower fluid inflow rates. These findings offer a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of ball sealers.

关键词： Gas shale Horizontal wells Ball sealer Semi-resolved CFD-DEM Diversion

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GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING MONITORING INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE SYNTHETIC ENGINEERING geology INFORMATON SYSTEM

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Scientia Geologica Sinica 1998年第2期 91-97页

作者： Liu Da′an institute of geology, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029 Liu Xiaojia Hunan institute of Economy Management, Changsha 410004 Yang Zhifa and wu Hong institute of geology, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｏｅｎｓｕｒｅｔｈｅｓａｆｅｔｙｏｆｌａｒｇｅｈｕｂｏｆｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｎｃｙａｎｄｍａｊｏｒｈｙｄｒｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｓｔａｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｏｆｄａｍ，ｓ...

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｏｅｎｓｕｒｅｔｈｅｓａｆｅｔｙｏｆｌａｒｇｅｈｕｂｏｆｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｎｃｙａｎｄｍａｊｏｒｈｙｄｒｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｓｔａｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｏｆｄａｍ，ｓｌｏｐｅｏｆｓｈｉｐｌｏｃｋａｎｄ...

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The Yanshanian Orogeny and Two Kinds of Yanshanides in Eastern-Central China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第4期79卷 507-518页

作者： wu genyao institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029

The Tan-Lu Fault was once a transform fault in the Paleotethys, west of which was the Qinling-Dabie Ocean separating the Yangtze Craton from the North China Craton, and east of which was the Su-Lu Ocean separating the Su-Wan Block from the Jiao-Liao Craton. The Qinling-Dabie Ocean closed in the Indosinian orogeny, which created the China-Southeast Asia Subcontinent, with the Tan-Lu Fault becoming a marginal shear zone along the newly-formed amalgamated subcontinent. The Su-Lu Ocean subducted partly in the ***, but not closed. In the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the Su-Wan Block drifted northwards with subduction of the Su-Lu Ocean and moved westwards to converge the subcontinent by sinistral sheafing of the ENE-striking fractures. The Su-Lu Ocean finally closed and the Su-Wan Block collided with the Jiao-Liao Craton in the Early Cretaceous, which constituted a part of the magnificent interplate Yanshanides. The interplate orogeny rejuvenated the fossil sutures and deep fractures, as well as the Indosinian orogen, and the intraplate （intracontinental） Yanshanian orogeny occurred in the subcontinent. The East Asia Yanshanides, consisting of the interplate orogens in the outer side and the intraplate orogens in the inner side, collapsed quickly in the latest Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The eastern China area entered a tensile period from the Eogene, and the tectonic differentiation between the central and eastern China areas since the Jurassic was further strengthened.

关键词： Yanshanian orogeny interplate orogen intraplate (intracontinental) orogen East Asia Yanshanides eastern-central China

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Evidence for sea-level falls in the Permian-Triassic transition in the Ziyun area,South China

Evidence for sea-level falls in the Permian-Triassic transit...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2010年度)学术年会

作者： wu YA-SHENG~*,JIANG HONG-XIA and FAN JIA-SONG institute of geology and {3.,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing,China

The sedimentology of three sections showing the Permian-Triassic(P-T) transition on an Upper Permian reef in Ziyun,Guizhou Province, southwest China provides evidence of sea-level fall in this *** P-T transition in the Gendan section,which covers a reef-front sequence, contains a subaerial exposure surface and various desiccation cracks(including rolled-up chips,in-chip cracks,pyramid cracks,vertical cracks and sheet cracks),indicating sea-level *** P-T transition in the Shitouzhai section,which covers a reef-core sequence,contains three micritic beds with abundant pseudomorphs of tabular gypsum crystals replaced by *** underlying centimetres of deposits are composed of fine-crystalline dolostone,and have a sharp contact with the underlying reef-core *** association of gypsum pseudomorphs and fine-crystalline dolostone suggests an origin related to a supratidal evaporative *** P-T transition in the Tanluzhai section,which covers a back-reef sequence,is fine-crystalline dolostone,and shows a laminated algal structure indicating tidal-flat *** middle part of the dolostone interval has become a collapse breccia composed of dolostone fragments and a matrix of micrites or crustose multi-generation calcite *** formation of the collapse breccia is interpreted to be related to the dissolution of the evaporite interbeds originally present between the thin dolostone *** formation of the evaporite deposits requires a supratidal condition.

关键词： Permian-Triassic boundary P-T transition subaerial exposure sea-level fall end-Permian Ziyun reef

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川东二叠纪生物礁的再认识

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石油与天然气地质 2002年第1期23卷 12-18页

作者：范嘉松吴亚生中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所北京100029

通过川东 8口二叠纪长兴期钻井岩芯剖面的详细研究 ,铁山 5井、天东 10井代表典型的礁相剖面 ;板东 4井、双 15井既有礁相沉积 ,且有棘屑滩沉积 ;卧 117井、黄龙 1井以及云安 14井基本上由碳酸盐台地沉积组成 ;池 2 4井出现两种类型的礁... 详细信息

通过川东 8口二叠纪长兴期钻井岩芯剖面的详细研究 ,铁山 5井、天东 10井代表典型的礁相剖面 ;板东 4井、双 15井既有礁相沉积 ,且有棘屑滩沉积 ;卧 117井、黄龙 1井以及云安 14井基本上由碳酸盐台地沉积组成 ;池 2 4井出现两种类型的礁相 :海绵骨架礁和海绵障积礁。川东礁相剖面中的白云岩以海水与淡水混合作用而成的白云石化为主导因素 ,但它们在深埋阶段以后 ,又遭受后期白云石化的叠加 ,因此表现出许多深埋白云石化的地化特征。白云岩的原始沉积既可能是礁骨架岩 ,也可能是棘屑滩 ,甚至是碳酸盐台地沉积。因此在寻找礁型白云岩储层时。

关键词：油气地质生物礁二叠纪川东钻井岩芯

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Diet control on carbon isotopic composition of land snail shell carbonate

Diet control on carbon isotopic composition of land snail sh...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2007学术年会

作者： LIU ZongXiu,GU ZhaoYan~+,wu NaiQin & XU Bing institute of geology and {3.,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100029,China

Carbon isotope compositions for both the carbonate shells and soft bodies(organic tissue) of living land snails collected mostly from the Loess Plateau,China have been *** result shows thatδC values range from -13.1‰to -4.3.for the aragonite shell samples and from -26.8‰to -18.0‰for the soft body *** the shells are enriched in C relative to the bodies averagely by 14.2(±0.8)‰,the shellδC values are closely correlated to the bodyδC values,expressed asδC = 1.021δC + 14.3.(R=0.965;N = 3.).This relationship indicates thatδC is primarily a function of the isotopic composition of the snail diets since previous studies have proved that the snail body is the same as their food in carbon isotope *** other words,carbon isotope composition of the carbonate shell can be used as a proxy to estimate the dietary C abundance of the land *** data also support that the C enrichment of the carbonate shells results mainly from the equilibrium fractionations between the metabolic CO,HCO in the hemolymph and shell aragonite,and partially from kinetic fractionations when snail shells form during their activity.

关键词： carbon isotope land snail Loess Plateau

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A 2.8 Ma record of environmental evolution and tectoni events inferred from the Cuoe core in the middle of Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth sciences 2004年第11期47卷 1025-1034页

作者： SHEN Ji1,Lü Houyuan2,WANG Sumin1,CHEN Shiyue1,YANG Xiangdong1,wu Yanhong1 & ZHU Zhaoyu3.1.Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology,chinese {3. of {3.,Nanjing 210008,China 2.institute of geology and geophysics,chinese {3. of {3.,Beijing 100029,China 3.Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry,chinese {3. of {3.,Guangzhou 510640,China Correspondence should be addressed to Shen Ji(email: jishen@***)

Based on a multi-proxy investigation into the deep core of the Cuoe Lake in the middle of Tibetan Plateau, a 2.8 Ma paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental evolution is recon- structed. The result of magnetic stratum indicates that the lake basin was formed at about 2.8 MaBP, while the multi-proxy analyses of lithology, grain size, magnetic susceptibility and geo- chemical elements reveal that there have been three major environmental evolution stages and at least two intensive uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau in the lake basin area, i.e. during 2.8—2.5 MaBP, the lake basin came into being as a result of the disaggregation of the planation surface and rapid rising of the Tibetan Plateau. During 2.5—0.8 MaBP, with gradual uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, the environment of this area was more effectively controlled by the climatic cycle of the alternative glacial-interglacial stages. After 0.8 MaBP, the middle part of the Plateau accelerated its uplift and entered cryoshere.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau, 2.8 MaBP, environmental evolution, tectonic events, Cuoe Lake.

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沉积物中甲烷水合物资源评价的理论模型分析及地质意义

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天然气工业 2003年第3期23卷 24-28页

作者：吴保祥雷怀彦中国科学院兰州地质研究所气体地球化学国家重点实验室

如何能够准确评价沉积物中甲烷水合物的资源量是目前油气界研究的热点问题。本文以达西定律为基础 ,通过理论模型对水合物稳定区、沉积区的深度分布进行了量化并对各自的边界条件的影响因素做了详细的分析。同时对大概的水合物沉积时间... 详细信息

如何能够准确评价沉积物中甲烷水合物的资源量是目前油气界研究的热点问题。本文以达西定律为基础 ,通过理论模型对水合物稳定区、沉积区的深度分布进行了量化并对各自的边界条件的影响因素做了详细的分析。同时对大概的水合物沉积时间范围和沉积分布特征的量化进行了确定。这些结果表明了自然界中水合物的分布边界很大程度上与海底甲烷通量、热能通量、水深和沉积物中流体通量有关 ,甲烷水合物沉积区厚度会到达并保持一个临界恒定值。水合物的聚集时间和分布特征与不同的扩散体系有关。因此在进行甲烷水合物的资源评价当中 ,了解并确定上述一些参数是解决资源评价过程的非常重要的一个环节。

关键词：沉积物甲烷水合物资源评价理论模型地质意义通量

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New insights into the DPR mechanism of elastic energy released by polymer gel for enhanced oil recovery

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Petroleum 2024年第3期10卷 539-547页

作者： Hu Jia Junyi wu Shaowei wu Yanbin Liang Minghao Wang Xiaojin Wan Pengwu Li State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduChina CNOOC Zhanjiang Branch ZhanjiangChina Oil Production Technology institute of PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company TianjinChina

Polymer gel was widely used as water shutoff agent in mature oil *** the results of single-phase plugging experiments show that the plugging rate of the polymer gel to the oil phase is lower than that of the water ***,the disproportionate permeability reduction(DPR)mechanism of polymer gels still remains *** this paper,we used four gel formulations including polyethyleneimine(PEI)and phenol-formaldehyde crosslinked gel with and without adding laponite to investigate the effect of gel elastic property on the water shutoff *** result of sand pack flooding experiments shown that the gel with higher elastic modulus has better effects on decreasing water cut and increasing oil *** adding laponite,the elastic modulus of phenol-formaldehyde crosslinked gel increased from 64.2 Pa to 192 Pa,and the elastic modulus of PEI crosslinked gel increased from 27.4 Pa to 3..5 *** to the phenol-formaldehyde-HAPM gel,the oil recovery of laponite-phenol-formaldehyde-HPAM gel increased by 5.2%and the maximum water cut decreased by 8.3..Besides,comparing with PEI-HPAM gel,the oil recovery of laponite-PEI-HPAM gel increased by 2.7%and the water cut dropped by 27.8%.In the meanwhile,the laponite-phenol-formaldehyde-HPAM gel with higher elastic modulus obviously swells in the formation water but almost remains constant in oil at 105℃.The mass of gel soaked in the formation water increased from 42 g to 96 g and the gel volume increased by 3.0%within 48 *** study improves the understanding of the DPR mechanism of polymer gel for water shutoff.

关键词： Gel elasticity Water shutoff DPR Laponite Oil recovery

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Terrestrial mollusk evidence for the origin and sedimentary environment of the Late Tertiary Red Clay Formation in the Loess Plateau,China

Terrestrial mollusk evidence for the origin and sedimentary ...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2004学术年会

作者： PEI Yunpeng,wu Naiqin & LI Fengjiang institute of geology and {3..chinese academy of sciences. Beijing 100029.China.

The origin and sedimentary environment of the Late Tertiary(Neogene) Red Clay Formation in northern China had long been controversial.A new mollusk record from the Xifeng red clay(red-earth) sequence in the central Loess Plateau provides the biological evidence for addressing questions of its origin and environmental *** study of composition and preservation condition of seventy mollusk fossil assemblages reveals the initial ecological condition of the red clay formation,avoiding the effect of post-deposited *** result shows that all of identifiable mollusk species are composed of terrestrial taxa,most of them are the common species found in the overlying Quaternary loess-paleosol *** of fossil individuals preserved in the red clay strata are in living conditions based on the investigation of fieldwork,indicating the original ***,the mollusk fossil assemblages can be used as an indicator of primary environment of the red clay formation. The mollusk record from the Xifeng red clay sequence supports the view that the red clay is an aeolian origin, similar to the overlying Quaternary loess *** data also reveal the history of environmental changes at Xifeng from 6.2-2.4 Ma,which is coupled in phase with the formation and development of the Arctic ice sheets and the process of the Tibetan Plateau *** may be the major cause and forcing mechanisms of the late Tertiary environmental changes in the Loess Plateau.

关键词： mollusk fossils Red Clay late Tertiary environment changes

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