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Development and application of a multi-step porcine in vitro system to evaluate feedstuffs and feed additives for their efficacy in nutrient digestion, digesta characteristics, and intestinal immune responses

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 265-282页

作者： hee Yeon Kim Jun-Ok Moon Sung woo Kim Application Center CJ Blossom Park Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University

In vitro model provides alternatives to the use of live animals in research. In pig nutrition, there has been a tremendous increase in in vivo research over the decades. Proper utilization of in vitro models could provide a screening tool to reduce the needs of in vivo studies, research duration, cost, and the use of animals and feeds. This study aimed to develop a multi-step porcine in vitro system to simulate nutrient digestion and intestinal epithelial immune responses affected by feedstuffs and feed additives. Seven feedstuffs(corn, corn distillers dried grains with solubles [corn DDGS], barley, wheat, soybean meal, soy protein concentrates, and Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass [CGCM]), feed enzymes(xylanase and phytase), and supplemental amino acids(arginine, methionine, and tryptophan), were used in this in vitro evaluation for their efficacy on digestibility, digesta characteristics, and intestinal health compared with the results from previously published in vivo studies. All in vitro evaluations were triplicated. Data were analyzed using Mixed procedure of SAS9.4. Evaluations included(1) nutrient digestibility of feedstuffs,(2) the effects of feed enzymes, xylanase and phytase, on digestibility of feedstuffs and specific substrates, and(3) the effects of amino acids, arginine, tryptophan, and methionine, on anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-heat stress statuses showing their effects(P < 0.05) on the measured items. Differences in dry matter and crude protein digestibility among the feedstuffs as well as effects of xylanase and phytase were detected(P < 0.05), including xylo-oligosaccharide profiles and phosphorus release from phytate. Supplementation of arginine, tryptophan, and methionine modulated(P < 0.05) cellular inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. The use of this in vitro model allowed the use of 3 experimental replications providing sufficient statistical power at P < 0.05. This indicates in vitro models can have increased prec

关键词： Digestion Feed additive Feedstuff In vitro Intestine Pig

Comparative study between Embosphere®and Marine gel®as embolic agents for chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第1期16卷 102-109页

作者： Hyo-Cheol Kim Jin woo choi Department of Radiology Seoul National University HospitalSeoul 03080South Korea

BACKGROUND While gelatin sponge particles and calibrated microspheres are commonly used as embolic materials in conventional transarterial chemoembolization(cTACE),direct comparisons between these embolic agents are *** To compare the efficacy and safety of superselective cTACE using Embosphere®or Marine gel®in patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS This retrospective study included 70 patients with small(<4 cm)HCC who underwent cTACE with Embosphere®(n=33)or Marine gel®(n=37)as the embolic agent at a single center between March 2021 and July *** radiologic images and clinical data were retrospectively reviewed,with an emphasis on tumor response,procedure-related complications,and local tumor *** primary index tumor was assessed on a 1-mo follow-up image,and local progression-free survival was obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method and was compared by the log-rank *** The median tumor size of both groups was 1.5 cm,and 69 patients achieved a complete response one month after *** cumulative local recurrence rate at 12 mo was 15.5%in the Embosphere®group and 14.4%in the Marine gel®*** local progression-free survival was not significantly different between the two groups(P=0.83).In the multivariate analysis,high serum alphafetoprotein was the only significant poor prognostic factor for local tumor progression(P=0.01).Postembolization syndrome occurred in 36.4%of the Embosphere®group and 35.1%of the Marine gel®group,and there were no cases of biloma,biliary duct dilation,or liver abscess in either *** Calibrated gelatin sponge particles(Marine gel®)and calibrated microspheres(Embosphere®)have similar outcomes in terms of tumor response for superselective cTACE of small HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Chemoembolization Temporary embolic material Permanent embolic material Tumor response

Recent progress and future directions of the research on nanoplastic-induced neurotoxicity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 331-335页

作者： Seung-woo Han Jinhee choi Kwon-Yul Ryu Department of Life Science University of SeoulSeoulSouth Korea School of Environmental Engineering University of SeoulSeoulSouth Korea

Many types of plastic products,including polystyrene,have long been used in commercial and industrial *** and nanoplastics,plastic particles derived from these plastic products,are emerging as environmental pollutants that can pose health risks to a wide variety of living organisms,including ***,it is not well understood how microplastics and nanoplastics affect cellular functions and induce stress *** can be exposed to polystyrene-microplastics and polystyrene-nanoplastics through ingestion,inhalation,or skin *** ingested plastics are excreted from the body,but inhaled plastics may accumulate in the lungs and can even reach the brain via the nose-to-brain ***-sized polystyrene-nanoplastics can enter cells by endocytosis,accumulate in the cytoplasm,and cause various cellular stresses,such as inflammation with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production,oxidative stress with generation of reactive oxygen species,and mitochondrial *** induce autophagy activation and autophagosome formation,but autophagic flux may be impaired due to lysosomal *** permanently exposed to polystyrene-nanoplastics,they can be removed from cells by exocytosis and subsequently restore cellular ***,neurons are very susceptible to this type of stress,thus even acute exposure can lead to neurodegeneration without *** review focuses specifically on recent advances in research on polystyrene-nanoplastic-induced cytotoxicity and ***,in this review,based on mechanistic studies of polystyrene-nanoplastics at the cellular level other than neurons,future directions for overcoming the negative effects of polystyrene-nanoplastics on neurons were suggested.

关键词： autophagy cellular stress cytotoxicity endocytosis exocytosis inflammation microplastics nanoplastics neurotoxicity oxidative stress polystyrene

Correlation between hydration properties and electrochemical performances on Ln cation size effect in layered perovskite for protonic ceramic fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 1-9,I0001页

作者： Inhyeok Cho Jiwon Yun Boseok Seong Junseok Kim Sun hee choi Ho-Il Ji Sihyuk choi Department of Mechanical Engineering Kumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumi 39177GyeongbukRepublic of Korea Department of Aeronautics Mechanical and Electronic Convergence EngineeringKumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumi 39177GyeongbukRepublic of Korea Center for Energy Materials Research Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Clean Technology Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea Nanomaterials Science and Engineering Korea University of Science and Technology(UST)KIST CampusSeoul 02792Republic of Korea

PrBa_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1.5)Fe_(0.5)O_(5+δ)(PrBSCF) has attracted much research interest as a potential triple ionic and electronic conductor(TIEC) electrode for protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs). The chemical formula for Pr BSCF is AA'B_(2)O_(5+δ), with Pr(A-site) and Ba/Sr(A'-site) alternately stacked along the c-axis. Due to these structural features, the bulk oxygen ion diffusivity is significantly enhanced through the disorder-free channels in the PrO layer;thus, the A site cations(lanthanide ions) play a pivotal role in determining the overall electrochemical properties of layered perovskites. Consequently, previous research has predominantly focused on the electrical properties and oxygen bulk/surface kinetics of Ln cation effects,whereas the hydration properties for PCFC systems remain unidentified. Here, we thoroughly examined the proton uptake behavior and thermodynamic parameters for the hydration reaction to conclusively determine the changes in the electrochemical performances depending on LnBa_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1.5)Fe_(0.5)O_(5+δ)(LnBSCF,Ln=Pr, Nd, and Gd) cathodes. At 500 ℃, the quantitative proton concentration of PrBSCF was 2.04 mol% and progressively decreased as the Ln cation size decreased. Similarly, the Gibbs free energy indicated that less energy was required for the formation of protonic defects in the order of Pr BSCF < Nd BSCF < Gd BSCF. To elucidate the close relationship between hydration properties and electrochemical performances in LnBSCF cathodes, PCFC single cell measurements and analysis of the distribution of relaxation time were further investigated.

关键词： Protonic ceramic fuel cell Cathode Triple ionic and electronic conductor Hydration property Proton uptake Gibbs free energy

Health risks of pest control and disinfection workers after the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 350-363页

作者： Yun-hee choi Da-An Huh Lita Kim Sang ji Lee Kyong Whan Moon Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science Korea UniversityAnam-ro 145Seongbuk-guSeoul 02841South Korea BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System Korea UniversityAnam-ro 145Seongbuk-guSeoul 02841South Korea Institute of Sciences Korea UniversityAnam-ro 145Seongbuk-guSeoul 02841South Korea Department of Health and Environmental Science Korea UniversityAnam-ro 145Seongbuk-guSeoul 02841South Korea

The exposure patterns of pest control and disinfection workers have changed after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,but the health risks of chemical exposure have not been *** identified these workers’chemical exposure patterns and risks before and after the COVID-19 *** used data conducted between 2018(pre-pandemic)and 2021(post-pandemic)from three-year cross-sectional surveys on pest control and disinfection *** and dermal exposure concentrations were estimated using equations based on a biocidal product risk assessment model from the Korean National Institute of Environmental *** non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of chemicals were calculated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency risk assessment *** found that the annual work frequency(50^(th)percentile)of foggers using disinfectants increased the most among all the work types,from 140 uses/year to 176 uses/year after the COVID-19 ***,all chemicals’non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks increased regardless of exposure *** the worst scenario(95^(th)percentile),the margin of exposure for citric acid,benzethonium chloride,benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl chlorides,and sodium chlorite of inhalation exposure,and isopropyl alcohol and benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl chlorides of dermal exposure were acceptable(>100)before the COVID-19outbreak but became unacceptable(10^(-6))before and after the COVID-19 outbreak but comparatively high after the COVID-19 ***,significantly more workers experienced health symptoms after the COVID-19outbreak(p<0.05),with the most common being muscle lethargy(31%),skin/face stinging(28.7%),and breath shortness/neck pain(24.1%).

关键词： Biocide Disinfection Health risk assessment Occupational exposure Pest control

Investigation of the nutritional and functional roles of a combinational use of xylanase and β-glucanase on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1932-1950页

作者： Hyunjun choi Yesid Garavito Duarte Guilherme A.M.Pasquali Sung woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University116 Polk HallCampus Box 7621RaleighNC 27695USA BASF SE Ludwigshafen 67056Germany

Background Xylanase andβ-glucanase combination(XG)hydrolyzes soluble non-starch polysaccharides that are anti-nutritional *** study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of XG on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery *** Forty pigs(6.5±0.4 kg)were assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed for 35 d in 3 phases(11,9,and 15 d,respectively).Basal diets mainly included corn,soybean meal,and corn distiller's dried grains with solubles,contained phytase(750 FTU/kg),and were supplemented with 5 levels of XG at(1)0,(2)280 TXU/kg xylanase and 125 TGU/kgβ-glucanase,(3)560 and 250,(4)840 and 375,or(5)1,120 and 500,*** performance was *** d 35,all pigs were euthanized and jejunal mucosa,jejunal digesta,jejunal tissues,and ileal digesta were collected to determine the effects of increasing XG levels and XG intake on intestinal *** Increasing XG intake tended to quadratically decrease(P=0.059)viscosity of jejunal digesta(min:1.74 m Pa·s at 751/335(TXU/TGU)/kg).Increasing levels of XG quadratically decreased(P<0.05)Prevotellaceae(min:0.6%at 630/281(TXU/TGU)/kg)in the jejunal *** XG intake quadratically increased(P<0.05)Lactobacillaceae(max:40.3%at 608/271(TXU/TGU)/kg)in the jejunal *** XG intake quadratically decreased(P<0.05)Helicobacteraceae(min:1.6%at 560/250(TXU/TGU)/kg)in the jejunal *** levels of XG tended to linearly decrease(P=0.073)jejunal Ig G and tended to quadratically increase(P=0.085)jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio(max:2.62 at 560/250(TXU/TGU)/kg).Increasing XG intake tended to linearly increase the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter(P=0.087)and ether extract(P=0.065).Increasing XG intake linearly increased(P<0.05)average daily *** A combinational use of xylanase andβ-glucanase would hydrolyze the non-starch polysaccharides fractions,positively modulating the jejunal mucosa-associated *** intake of

关键词： Glucanase Growth performance Intestinal health Nursery pigs Xylanase

Tetramic acid-motif natural products from a marine fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum FB06 and their anti-Parkinson activities

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 84-92页

作者： Yuna Jung Chaesun Kwon Taeyeon Kim Jin woo Lee Min-Kyoo Shin Sang hee Shim Natural Products Research Institute College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Duksung Women’s UniversitySeoul 01369Republic of Korea

Tetramic acid-containing natural products are attracting significantly increasing attention from biologists and chemists due to their intriguing structures and biological *** the present study,two new tetramic acid alkaloids tolypyridone I(1)and tolypyridone J(2),together with five known ones(3–7),were isolated from cultures of a marine fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum FB06 isolate obtained from a marine sediment in Beaufort sea of North *** structures were elucidated using 1D,2D NMR,and *** configurations were established on the basis of 1H coupling constants,ROESY correlations and DP4 *** 2 was isolated as mixtures of rotational isomers with C-3 to C-7 axis between 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone and 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylcyclohexane,hindering *** our unbiased screening to discover neuroprotective compounds in an in vitro Parkinson’s disease(PD)model,SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells were treated with isolated compounds followed by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP^(+)),a parkinsonian *** tested compounds,F-14329(7)significantly protected cells from MPP^(+)-induced ***^(+)-mediated cell death is known to be related to the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins,specifically the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax *** with 2 mmol/L of MPP^(+)for 24 h significantly reduced Bcl-2 levels compared to control treated with ***,treatment with F-14329(7)attenuated such *** study demonstrates that tetramic acid-motif compounds could be potential lead compounds for treating PD.

关键词： Tolypocladium cylindrosporum Tetramic acid Tolypyridone Parkinson’s disease

ELK3-ID4 axis governs the metastatic features of triple negative breast cancer

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Oncology Research 2024年第1期32卷 127-138页

作者： JIN-HO choi JOO DONG PARK SEUNG hee choi EUN-SU KO HYE JUNG JANG KYUNG-SOON PARK Department of Biomedical Science CHA UniversitySeongnamKorea

Purpose:Cancer cell metastasis is a multistep process,and the mechanism underlying extravasation remains ***3 is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes,including cancer *** on the finding that ELK3 promotes the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC),we investigated whether ELK3 regulates the extravasation of TNBC by forming the ELK3-ID4 ***4 functions as a transcriptional regulator that interacts with other transcription factors,inhibiting their activity and subsequently influencing various biological processes associated with cell differentiation,survival,growth,and ***:We assessed the correlation between the expression of ELK3 and that of ID4 in TNBCs using bioinformatics analyses,QRT-PCR,western blot analysis,luciferase reporter assays,and chromatin ***,adhesion,invasion,and lung metastasis assays were employed to determine whether the ELK3-ID4 axis regulates the metastatic features of ***:We found that ELK3 binds directly to a binding motif close to the ID4 promoter to repress promoter *** expression of E-cadherin in TNBC was regulated by the ELK3-ID4 *** vitro and in vivo analyses showed that inhibiting ID4 expression in ELK3-knockdown MDA-MB-231(ELK3KD)cells restored the ability to extravasate and ***:The results indicate that the ELK3 regulates ID4 promoter activity,and that the ELK3-ID4 axis regulates the metastatic characteristics of TNBC ***,the data suggest that the ELK3-ID4 axis regulates metastasis of TNBCs by modulating expression of E-cadherin.

关键词： E-cadherin Extravasation Colonization

Effects of methionine supplementation in a reduced protein diet on growth performance, oxidative status, intestinal health, oocyst shedding, and methionine and folate metabolism in broilers under Eimeria challenge

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1951-1979页

作者： Guanchen Liu Venkata Sesha Reddy Choppa Milan Kumar Sharma Hanseo Ko Janghan choi woo Kyun Kim Department of Poultry Science University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA

Background This study investigated effects of different methionine(Met)supplementation levels in a reduced protein diet on growth performance,intestinal health,and different physiological parameters in broilers under Eimeria challenge.A total of 600 fourteen-day-old Cobb500 male broilers were challenged with ***,***,and ***,and randomly allocated in a 2×5 factorial *** received normal protein diets(20%crude protein,NCP)or reduced protein diets(17%crude protein,LCP),containing 2.8,4.4,6.0,7.6,and 9.2 g/kg of *** On 6 and 9 days post inoculation(DPI),increasing Met level linearly improved the growth performance(P<0.05).Total oocyst shedding linearly increased as Met level increased(P<0.05).Duodenal villus height(VH):crypt depth(CD)in the LCP groups were higher on 6 DPI(P<0.01)while lower on 9 DPI(P<0.05)compared to the NCP *** CD and duodenal VH:CD changed quadratically as Met level increased(P<0.05).On 6 DPI,liver glutathione(GSH)and glutathione disulfide(GSSG)linearly increased as Met level increased(P<0.05).On 9 DPI,GSSG quadratically increased,whereas GSH:GSSG quadratically decreased as Met levels increased(P<0.05).The expression of amino acid transporters linearly decreased as Met level increased(P<0.05).The expression of zonula occludens 2 and claudin-1 linearly increased on 6 DPI whereas decreased on 9 DPI as Met level increased(P<0.05).The expressions of cytokines were lower in the LCP groups than the NCP groups(P<0.05).Interaction effects were found for the expression of IL-10 and TNFαon 6 DPI(P<0.05),where it only changed quadratically in the NCP group as Met level *** expression of Met and folate metabolism genes were lower in the LCP groups than the NCP groups on 9 DPI(P<0.05).The expression of these genes linearly or quadratically decreased as Met level increased(P<0.05).Conclusion These results revealed the regulatory roles of Met in different physiological parameters including oxidative stat

关键词： Broiler Coccidiosis Eimeria Intestinal health Methionine