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Eco-environmental surface modelling requires integration of both extrinsic and intrinsic informations

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第1期64卷 185-186页

作者： wolfgang HABER Technical University of Munich WZW FacultyFreising D-85354Germany

Extrinsic information,from satellite observations and the outputs of spatial models,and intrinsic information,from ground observations and spatial sampling,provide two different but complementary streams of information about the Earth’s *** extrinsic and intrinsic informations are indispensable for the modelling of the Earth’s surface systems along with an appropriate method for integrating these two kinds of *** on this idea,the fundamental theorem for Earth’s surface system modeling(FTESM)was proposed,from which several corollaries have been deduced,corresponding to spatial interpolation,spatial upscaling,spatial downscaling,data fusion and model-data assimilation,respectively(Yue et al.,2016).

关键词： surface. intrinsic interpolation

Gluon number fluctuations and diffusive scaling effect

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Frontiers of physics 2011年第1期6卷 100-105页

作者： wolfgang FISCHER Department of Physics Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences Bielefeld 33615 Germany

The diffusive scaling is studied based on pomeron loop equations in the fixed coupling case. At Y 〉〉 YDS, the gluon number fluctuations become important, the geometric scaling is replaced by the diffusive scaling. In the diffusive scaling regime, the deep inelastic scattering （DIS） total scattering cross-section is a function of single variable ln[1/（r^2Qs^2（z））]. We show that the deep inelastic scattering experimental data lie on a single curve, which seems to indicate the existence of the diffusive scaling phenomenology in the deep inelastic scattering.

关键词： gluon number fluctuations proton structure function pomeron loop

STING-ing Pain:How Can Pro-inflammatory Signaling Attenuate Pain?

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2021年第7期37卷 1075-1078页

作者： wolfgang Liedtke Department of Neurology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC 27710USA Department of Anesthesiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC 27710USA Department of Neurobiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC 27710USA Duke Neurology Clinics for Headache Head-Pain and Trigeminal Sensory DisordersDurhamNC 27705USA Clinics for Innovative Pain Therapy Department of AnesthesiologyDuke UniversityRaleighNC 27512USA Chair of Neurology Global Scientific Development CouncilRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNY 10591USA

Inflammation typically induces pain by producing pro-inflammatory mediators,but increasing evidence also indicates a role for inflammation in the resolution of pain by inducing anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution med... 详细信息

关键词： inflammatory interferon rigorous

Quasi-linear Cycle Sets and the Retraction Problem for Set-theoretic Solutions of the Quantum Yang-Baxter Equation

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Algebra Colloquium 2016年第1期23卷 149-166页

作者： wolfgang Rump Institute for Algebra and Number Theory University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 D-70550 Stuttgart Germany

Cycle sets were introduced to reduce non-degenerate unitary Yang-Baxter maps to an algebraic system with a single binary operation. Every finite cycle set extends uniquely to a finite cycle set with a compatible abelian group structure. Etingof et al. introduced affine Yang-Baxter maps. These are equivalent to cycle sets with a specific abelian group structure. Abelian group structures have also been essential to get partial results for the still unsolved retraction problem. We introduce two new classes of cycle sets with an underlying abelian group structure and show that they can be transformed into each other while keeping the group structure fixed. This leads to a proper extension of the retractibility conjecture and new evidence for its truth.

关键词： quantum Yang-Baxter equation set-theoretical solution cycle set

The Galactic halo magnetic field revisited

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第12期10卷 1287-1297页

作者： wolfgang Reich Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 53121 Bonn Germany

Recently, Sun et al. published new Galactic 3D-models of magnetic fields in the disk and halo of the Milky Way and the distribution of cosmic-ray electron density by taking into account the thermal electron density model NE2001 by Cordes ＆ Lazio. The models successfully reproduce observed continuum and polarization all-sky maps and the distribution of rotation measures of extragalactic sources across the sky. However, the model parameters obtained for the Galactic halo, although reproducing the observations, seem physically unreasonable： the magnetic field needs to be significantly stronger in the Galactic halo than in the plane and the cosmic-ray distribution must be truncated at about 1 kpc to avoid excessive synchrotron emission from the halo. The reason for these unrealistic parameters was the low scale-height of the warm thermal gas of about 1 kpc adopted in the NE2001 model. However, this scale- height seemed reasonable and was well studied by numerous investigations. Recently, the scale-height of the warm gas in the Galaxy was revised by Gaensler et al. to about 1.8 kpc, by showing that the 1 kpc scale-height results from a systematic bias in the analysis of pulsar data. This implies a higher thermal electron density in the Galactic halo, which in turn reduces the halo magnetic field strength to account for the observed rotation measures of extragalactic sources. We slightly modified the NE2001 model according to the new scale-height and revised the Sun et al. model parameters accordingly： the strength of the regular halo magnetic field is now 2 μG or lower, and the physically unrealistic cutoff in z for the cosmic-ray electron density is removed. The simulations based on the revised 3D-models reproduce all-sky observations as before.

关键词： ISM: magnetic fields -- ISM: structure -- radio continuum: ISM

Double Layer Composite Electrode Strategy for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Excellent Reverse-Bias Stability

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第1期15卷 225-235页

作者： Chaofan Jiang Junjie Zhou Hang Li Liguo Tan Minghao Li wolfgang Tress Liming Ding Michael Grätzel Chenyi Yi State Key Laboratory of Power System Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Institute of Computational Physics(ICP) ZHAW School of EngineeringWildbachstr.218400 WinterthurSwitzerland Center for Excellence in Nanoscience(CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication(CAS)National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have become the represent-atives of next generation of photovoltaics;nevertheless,their stability is insufficient for large scale deployment,particularly the reverse bias ***,we propose a transparent conducting oxide(TCO)and low-cost metal composite electrode to improve the stability of PSCs without sacrificing the *** TCO can block ion migrations and chemical reactions between the metal and perovskite,while the metal greatly enhances the conductivity of the composite *** a result,composite electrode-PSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.7%(certified 23.2%)and exhibited excellent stability,maintaining 95%of the initial PCE when applying a reverse bias of 4.0 V for 60 s and over 92%of the initial PCE after 1000 h continuous light *** composite electrode strategy can be extended to different combinations of TCOs and *** opens a new avenue for improving the stability of PSCs.

关键词： Composite electrode Perovskite solar cells Stability Reverse bias Characterization

A Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor Based on the Combination of Epoxy and Glass Particles With Different Thermo-Optic Coefficients

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Photonic Sensors 2016年第4期6卷 295-302页

作者： wolfgang WILDNER Dietmar DRUMMER Institute of Polymer Technology Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Niirnberg Erlangen Germany

This paper describes the development and function of an optical fiber temperature sensor made out of a compound of epoxy and optical glass particles. Because of the different thermo-optic coefficients of these materials, this compound exhibits a strong wavelength and temperature dependent optical transmission, and it therefore can be employed for fiber optic temperature measurements. The temperature at the sensor, which is integrated into a polymer optical fiber （POF）, is evaluated by the ratio of the transmitted intensity of two different light-emitting diodes （LED） with a wavelength of 460nm and 650rim. The material characterization and influences of different sensor lengths and two particle sizes on the measurement result are discussed. The temperature dependency of the transmission increases with smaller particles and with increasing sensor length. With glass particles with a diameter of 43 Bm and a sensor length of 9.8 mm, the intensity ratio of the two LEDs decreases by 60% within a temperature change from 10℃ to 40℃.

关键词： Temperature sensors fiber optic sensors epoxy glass particles thermo-optic coefficient

Functional group richness increases multifunctionality in intensively managed grasslands

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Grassland Research 2023年第3期2卷 225-240页

作者： Laura Argens Caroline Brophy wolfgang W.Weisser Sebastian Meyer Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department for Life Science SystemsSchool of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany School of Computer Science and Statistics Trinity College DublinDublinIreland

Background:Agricultural yields have increased continuously over the last few ***,a focus solely on production can harm the *** of agriculture has been suggested to increase production and *** experiments showed positive effects on ecosystems and ***,application of these results to intensively managed grasslands has been questioned due to differences in plant species and management *** on whether diversity can benefit multifunctionality,that is,an integrated index of multiple ecosystem functions,under intensive management,is still ***:To address this,we manipulated plant species richness from one to six species spanning three functional groups(legumes,herbs,and grasses)in intensively managed multispecies grassland leys and examined seven ecosystem ***:We found that multifunctionality increased with functional group and species ***+herb mixtures showed high multifunctionality,while grass monocultures and mixtures with high proportions of grasses had low *** plant species and plant communities drove different ecosystem *** and herbs improved productivity and water availability,while grasses enhanced invasion *** results indicate that multifunctionality and individual ecosystem functions can be promoted through targeted combinations of plants with complementary ecological ***:Plant diversity can improve multifunctionality also under intensive management,potentially benefitting agroeconomics and sustainability.

关键词： biodiversity ecosystem functions intensively managed grassland Legacy Network(LegacyNet) multifunctionality

Perspectives of visualization onboarding and guidance in VA

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Visual Informatics 2022年第1期6卷 68-83页

作者： Christina Stoiber Davide Ceneda Markus Wagner Victor Schetinger Theresia Gschwandtner Marc Streit Silvia Miksch wolfgang Aigner St.Pölten University of Applied Sciences Austria TU Wien Austria Erste Group Bank AG Austria Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

A typical problem in Visual Analytics(VA)is that users are highly trained experts in their application domains,but have mostly no experience in using VA ***,users often have difficulties interpreting and working with visual *** overcome these problems,user assistance can be incorporated into VA systems to guide experts through the analysis while closing their knowledge *** types of user assistance can be applied to extend the power of VA,enhance the user’s experience,and broaden the audience for *** different approaches to visualization onboarding and guidance in VA already exist,there is a lack of research on how to design and integrate them in effective and efficient ***,we aim at putting together the pieces of the mosaic to form a coherent *** on the Knowledge-Assisted Visual Analytics model,we contribute a conceptual model of user assistance for VA by integrating the process of visualization onboarding and guidance as the two main approaches in this *** a result,we clarify and discuss the commonalities and differences between visualization onboarding and guidance,and discuss how they benefit from the integration of knowledge extraction and ***,we discuss our descriptive model by applying it to VA tools integrating visualization onboarding and guidance,and showing how they should be utilized in different phases of the analysis in order to be effective and accepted by the user.

关键词： User assistance Visual Analytics Conceptual model Visualization onboarding Guidance