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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第1期3卷 98-113页

作者： wolfgang Osten Giancarlo Pedrini Institute for Applied Optics ITO University Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 9 70569 StuttgartGermany

Holographic methods for non-destructive testing,shape measurement,and experimental stress analysis have shown to be versatile tools for the solution of many inspection *** main advantages are the non-contact nature,the non-destructive and areal working principle,the fast response,high sensitivity,resolution and *** contrast to conventional optical techniques such as classical interferometry,the holographic principle of wavefront storage and reconstruction makes it possible to investigate objects with rough ***,the response of various classes of products on operational or artificial load can be examined very *** paper looks back to the history of holographic metrology,honors the inventors of the main principles,discusses criteria for the selection of a proper inspection method,and shows exemplary ***,the main focus is on modern developments that are inspired by the rapid technological process in sensing technology and digitization,on current applications and future challenges.

关键词： Non-Destructive Testing Holography Stress Analysis Digital Holography Speckle Interferometry

In-silico synthesis of lowest-pressure high-T_(c) ternary superhydrides

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1119-1125页

作者： Roman Lucrezi Simone Di Cataldo wolfgang von der Linden Lilia Boeri Christoph Heil Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics Graz University of TechnologyNAWI Graz8010GrazAustria Dipartimento di Fisica Sapienza Universitàdi Roma00185RomeItaly Enrico Fermi Research Center Via Panisperna 89 A00184RomeItaly

We report the theoretical prediction of two high-performing hydride superconductors BaSiH_(8)and SrSiH_(8).They are thermodynamically stable above pressures of 130 and 174 GPa,respectively,and metastable below *** anharmonic phonon calculations,we determine the minimum pressures of dynamical stability to be around 3 GPa for BaSiH8 and 27 GPa for SrSiH_(8),and using the fully anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg theory,we predict Tc’s around 71 and 126 K,*** also introduce a method to estimate the lowest pressure of synthesis,based on the calculation of the enthalpy barriers protecting the BaSiH_(8)Fm3¯m structure from decomposition at various *** kinetic pressure threshold is sensibly higher than the one based on dynamic stability,but gives a much more rigorous limit for synthesizability.

关键词： synthesis stability high

Exogenous nitrogen input skews estimates of microbial nitrogen use efficiency by ecoenzymatic stoichiometry

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Ecological Processes 2023年第3期12卷 189-195页

作者： Lifei Sun Daryl L.Moorhead Yongxing Cui wolfgang Wanek Shuailin Li Chao Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science University of Vienna

Background Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry models（EEST） are often used to evaluate microbial nutrient use efficiency, but the validity of these models under exogenous nitrogen（N） input has never been clarified. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term N addition（as urea） on microbial N use efficiency（NUE）, compared EEST and18O-labeling methods for determining NUE, and evaluated EEST's theoretical assumption that the ratios of standard ecoenzymatic activities balance resource availability with microbial *** We found that NUE estimated by EEST ranged from 0.94 to 0.98. In contrast, estimates of NUE by the18O-labeling method ranged from 0.07 to 0.30. The large differences in NUE values estimated by the two methods may be because the sum of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities in the EEST model was not limited to microbial N acquisition under exogenous N inputs, resulting in an overestimation of microbial NUE by EEST. In addition, the acquisition of carbon by N-acquiring enzymes also likely interferes with the evaluation of NUE by *** Our results demonstrate that caution must be exercised when using EEST to evaluate NUE under exogenous N inputs that may skew standard enzyme assays.

关键词： Extracellular enzyme Resource allocation Nitrogen addition Microbial metabolism limitation Isotope labeling

Urinary bladder cancer as a late sequela of traumatic spinal cord injury

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Military Medical Research 2022年第1期9卷 21-31页

作者： Ralf Bthig Christian Tiburtius wolfgang schps Michael Zellner Oliver Balzer Birgitt Kowald Sven Hirschfeld Roland Thietje Aki Pietsch Ines Kurze Martin Forchert Thura Kadhum Klaus Golka Department of Neuro-Urology Centre for Spinal Cord InjuriesBG Klinikum Hamburg21033 HamburgGermany Urological Practice 53757 Sankt AugustinGermany Department of Urology and NeuroUrology Johannesbad Fachklinik94072 Bad FussingGermany Biomechanical Laboratory Centre for Spinal Cord InjuriesBG Klinikum Hamburg21033 HamburgGermany Centre for Spinal Cord Injuries BG Klinikum Hamburg21033 HamburgGermany Department of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine BG Klinikum Hamburg21033 HamburgGermany Department of Paraplegiology and Neuro-Urology Centre for Spinal Cord InjuriesZentralklinik Bad Berka Berka99437 Bad BerkaGermany Staff Position Accident Insurance Law Statutory Accident Insurance for Wood and Metal(BGHM)33602 BielefeldGermany Department of Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Mittelrheinklinik Fachklinik56154 Boppard-Bad SalzigGermany Clinical Occupational Medicine Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund(IfADo)44139 Bothig et al.Mil Med Res 2021

Background:Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is also a combat-related injury that is increasing in modern *** aim of this work is to inform medical experts regarding the different course of bladder cancer in able-bodied patients compared with SCI patients based on the latest medical scientific knowledge,and to present decision-making aids for the assessment of bladder cancer as a late sequela of traumatic ***:A study conducted between January 1998 and December 2019 in the BG Trauma Hospital Hamburg formed the basis for the decision-making *** bladder cancer was diagnosed in 40 out of 7396 treated outpatient and inpatient SCI *** patient information,latency period,age at initial diagnosis,type of bladder management and survival of SCI patients with bladder cancer were collected and analysed.T category,grading and tumor entity in these patients were compared with those in the general *** bladder cancer risk factors in SCI patients were ***,relevant published literature was taken into ***:Initial diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer in SCI patients occurs at a mean age of 56.4 years(SD±10.7 years),i.e.,approximately 20 years earlier as compared with the general *** bladder cancers are significantly more frequently muscle invasive(i.e.,T category≥T2)and present a higher grade at initial ***,SCI patients show a significantly higher proportion of the more aggressive squamous cell carcinoma than that of the general population in areas not endemic for the tropical disease ***,the survival time is extremely unfavourable.A very important finding,for practical reasons is that,in the Hamburg study as well as in the literature,urinary bladder cancer is more frequently observed after 10 years or more of *** on these findings,a matrix was compiled where the various influencing factors,either for or against the recognition of an associ

关键词： Traumatic spinal cord injury Neurogenic bladder Transitional cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Survival time Battlefield injury Medical assessment

Current collectors based on multiwalled carbon-nanotubes and fewlayer graphene for enhancing the conversion process in scalable lithium-sulfur battery

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Nano Research 2023年第6期16卷 8433-8447页

作者： Vittorio Marangon Edoardo Barcaro Luca Minnetti wolfgang Brehm Francesco Bonaccorso Vittorio Pellegrini Jusef Hassoun Graphene Labs Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenoa 16163Italy Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara 44121Italy BeDimensional S.p.A. Genoa 16163Italy National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology(INSTM) University of Ferrara Research UnitFerrara 44121Italy

We investigated herein the morphological,structural,and electrochemical features of electrodes using a sulfur(S)-super P carbon(SPC)composite(i.e.,S@SPC-73),and including few-layer graphene(FLG),multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs),or a mixture of them within the current collector ***,we studied the effect of two different electron-conducting agents,that is,SPC and FLG,used in the slurry for the electrode *** supports have high structural crystallinity,while their morphologies are dependent on the type of material *** voltammetry(CV)shows a reversible and stable conversion reaction between Li and S with an activation process upon the first cycle leading to the decrease of cell *** activation process is verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)with a decrease of the resistance after the first CV ***,CV at increasing scan rates indicates a Li+diffusion coefficient(D)ranging between 10^(−9) and 10^(−7) cm^(2)·s^(−1)in the various states of charge of the cell,and the highest D value for the electrodes using FLG as electron-conducting *** tests performed at constant current of C/5(1 C=1675 mA·g_(s)^(−1))show high initial specific capacity values,which decrease during the initial cycles due to a partial loss of the active material,and subsequently increase due to the activation *** the electrodes show a Coulombic efficiency higher than 97%upon the initial cycles,and a retention strongly dependent on the electrode ***,this study suggests a careful control of the electrode in terms of current collector design and slurry composition to achieve good electrode morphology,mechanical stability,and promising electrochemical performance in practical Li-S cells.

关键词： lithium-sulfur battery current collector few-layer graphene carbon nanotubes scalability sulfur loading

Searching novel complex solid solution electrocatalysts in unconventional element combinations

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 4780-4784页

作者： Olga A.Krysiak Simon schumacher Alan Savan wolfgang schuhmann Alfred Ludwig Corina Andronescu Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences(CES) Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr.150D-44780 BochumGermany Chemical Technology Ⅲ Faculty of ChemistryCarl-Benz-Straße 199D-47057 DuisburgGermany CENIDE-Center for Nanointegration University Duisburg Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199D-47057 DuisburgGermany Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces Institute for MaterialsFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr.150D-44780 BochumGermany ZGH Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr.150D-44780 BochumGermany

Despite outstanding accomplishments in catalyst discovery,finding new,more efficient,environmentally neutral,and noble metalfree catalysts remains challenging and ***,complex solid solutions consisting of at least five different elements and often named as high-entropy alloys have emerged as a new class of electrocatalysts for a variety of *** multicomponent combinations of elements facilitate tuning of active sites and catalytic *** optimal catalyst composition remains difficult,making testing of a very high number of them *** present the high-throughput screening of the electrochemical activity of thin film material libraries prepared by combinatorial co-sputtering of metals which are commonly used in catalysis(Pd,Cu,Ni)combined with metals which are not commonly used in catalysis(Ti,Hf,Zr).Introducing unusual elements in the search space allows discovery of catalytic activity for hitherto unknown *** libraries with very similar composition spreads can show different activities *** trends for different *** order to address the inherent challenge of the huge combinatorial material space and the inability to predict active electrocatalyst compositions,we developed a high-throughput process based on co-sputtered material libraries,and performed high-throughput characterization using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),scanning transmission electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and conductivity measurements followed by electrochemical screening by means of a scanning droplet *** results show surprising material compositions with increased activity for the oxygen reduction reaction and the hydrogen evolution *** data are important input data for future data-driven materials prediction.

关键词： high-entropy alloys electrocatalysis high-throughput screening thin films hydrogen evolution reaction oxygen reduction reaction

Involvement of CYP347W1 in neurotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid-based chemical defense in mustard leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 453-466页

作者： Nanxia Fu Tobias Becker wolfgang Brandt Maritta Kunert Antje Burse Wilhelm Boland Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization Tea Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle(Saale)Germany Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany Department of Medical Technology and Biotechnology Ernst Abbe Hochschule JenaJenaGermany

Chrysomelina beetlesstore 3-nitropropionic acid in form of a pretoxin,isoxazolin-5-one glucoside-conjugated ester,to protect themselves against *** we identified a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase,CYP347W1,to be involved in the production of the 3-nitropropionic acid moiety of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside *** down CYP347W1 led to a significant depletion in the concentration of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester and an increase in the concentration of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside in the larval *** assays with the heterologously expressed CYP347W1 showed freeβ-alanine was not the direct *** modeling indicated thatβ-alanine-CoA ester can fit into CYP347W1’s active ***,we proved that Phaedon cochleariae eggs are not able to de novo synthesize 3-NPA,although both isoxazolin-5-one glucoside and its 3-NPA-conjugated ester are present in the *** results provide direct evidence for the involvement of CYP347W1 in the biosynthesis of a *** chemical defense compound.

关键词： chemical defense isoxazolin-5-one glucoside isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester leaf beetles P450 3-nitropropionic acid(3-NPA)

Holographic 3D imaging through random media: methodologies and challenges

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第2期3卷 123-135页

作者： Mitsuo Takeda wolfgang Osten Eriko Watanabe Center for Optical Research and Education Utsunomiya University7-1-2YotoUtsunomiyaTochigi321-8585Japan Institut für Technische Optik Universität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 970569 StuttgartGermany The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1ChofugaokaChofuTokyo 182-8585Japan

Imaging through random media continues to be a challenging problem of crucial importance in a wide range of fields of science and technology,ranging from telescopic imaging through atmospheric turbulence in astronomy to microscopic imaging through scattering tissues in *** meet the scope of this anniversary issue in holography,this review places a special focus on holographic techniques and their unique functionality,which play a pivotal role in imaging through random *** review comprises two *** first part is intended to be a mini tutorial in which we first identify the true nature of the problems encountered in imaging through random *** then explain through a methodological analysis how unique functions of holography can be exploited to provide practical solutions to *** second part introduces specific examples of experimental implementations for different principles of holographic techniques,along with their performance results,which were taken from some of our recent work.

关键词： Holography Imaging Scattering Random Media Statistical Optics Coherence Speckles Correlation Digital Holography

New insights into the properties of high-manganese steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第5期28卷 782-796页

作者： wolfgang Bleck Steel Institute RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany

In the Collaborative Research Centre 761’s“Steel ab initio-quantum mechanics guided design of new Fe based materials,”scientists and engineers from RWTH Aachen University and the Max Planck Institute for Iron Research conducted research on mechanism-controlled material development with a particular focus on high-manganese alloyed *** 2007 to 2019,a total of 55 partial projects and four transfer projects with industrial participation(some running until 2021)have studied material and process design as well as material *** basic idea of the Collaborative Research Centre was to develop a new methodological approach to the design of structural *** paper focuses on selected results with respect to the mechanical properties of high-manganese steels,their underlying physical phenomena,and the specific characterization and modeling tools used for this new class of *** steels have microstructures that require characterization by the use of modern methods at the *** the process routes,the generation of segregations must be taken into ***,the mechanical properties show a characteristic temperature dependence and peculiarities in their fracture *** mechanical properties and especially bake hardening are affected by short-range ordering *** strain hardening can be adjusted in a never-before-possible range,which makes these steels attractive for demanding sheet-steel applications.

关键词： high-manganese steels stacking fault energy twinning short-range ordering mechanical properties

Cartography and the others-aspects of a complicated relationship

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2020年第1期23卷 52-60页

作者： wolfgang Kainz Department of Geography and Regional Research University of ViennaWienAustria Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina

Cartographic visualizations have been known for thousands of years and have brought forth a wealth of different map projections and cartographic ***,cartography as an independent science has been established only about 100 years ago and sometimes its position among the spatial disciplines is challenged by the scientific *** this respect it is a young science based on a very long tradition of map making,globe production,and the development of map *** and map related visualizations play an important and indispensable role in many other spatial disciplines such as geography and *** has many overlaps with these traditional disciplines as well as with the more recent ones of photogrammetry and remote *** paper reviews fundamental aspects of the conception of space and time throughout human history,the historic development of cartography from a technique of map making to a spatial science,highlighting major milestones in the history of the *** a young science and confronted with major technological developments in the late 20^(th)century cartography underwent several crises as to what exactly is cartography and how it relates to other spatial sciences,in particular to geographic information *** pitfalls and misconceptions are discussed and the three major scientific pillars of cartography are *** relationships of cartography with neighboring disciplines are discussed and the position of cartography vis a vis the others is ***,desirable future developments of scientific cartography are discussed.

关键词： Cartography GIS geodesy photogrammetry remote sensing