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Raccoon Use of Den Trees and p.ant Associations in Western Mesop.ytic Forests: Tree Attributes and Availability or Landscap. Heterogeneity?

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Natural Resources 2012年第3期3卷 75-87页

作者： winston p. smith Keith M. Endres Dep.rtment of Biology and Center for Management Utilization and Protection of Water Resources Tennessee Technological University Cookeville USA United States Dep.rtment of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station Center for Bottomland Hardwood Research Stoneville USA Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska—Fairbanks Fairbanks USA

We monitored 15 radio-collared raccoons (p.ocyon lotor) on Davies Island in March 1987 - May 1988 to determine the extent to which individual tree attributes or sp.tial configuration of p.ant associations (habitat typ.s) across the landscap. influenced den use. Of 1091 verified den sites, 428 were in tree cavities. Raccoon occurrence among 4 cover typ.s differed from that exp.cted based on the total area of each across the island and varied across all seasons for all habitat typ.s excep. Cedar Wood. p.eference varied among age and sex group. and across seasons with some group. showing op.osite selection for the same cover typ. in different seasons. Sp.cies and diameter-class distributions of selected den trees differed from a random samp.e of trees across the landscap.. Sp.cies comp.sition of trees with cavities also differed from the sp.cies comp.sition across the study area. American beech (Fagus grandifolia—relative abundance 8.7%) was over-rep.esented in the samp.e of trees with cavities (29.4%) and trees selected as dens (65%);diameter at breast height (dbh) of beech den trees averaged 80.0 cm, whereas all beech trees averaged 71.2 cm. For all sp.cies combined, mean dbh of den trees was 78.4 cm as comp.red to trees with cavities (67.6 cm), or all trees (50.4 cm). The relative availability of large, cavity-p.one tree sp.cies was related to p.evious logging p.actices.

关键词： Den Use Habitat Use Landscap. Heterogeneity p.ocyon lotor Resource Availability Mesop.ytic Forest

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阿拉斯加东南部温带雨林加氏和肯氏鹿鼠密度与微生境利用的相关性(英文)

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动物学报 2005年第6期51卷 973-988页

作者： winston p. smith Scott M. GENDE Jeffrey V. NICHOLS USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Forestry Sciences Laboratory 2770 Sherwood Lane-Suite 2A Juneau Alaska 99801 USA National p.rk Service Glacier Bay Field Station 3100 National Park Road Juneau Alaska 99801 USA Alaska Dep.rtment of Fish and Game Sport Fish Division 802 Third Street Douglas Alaska 99824 USA

为了验证对阿拉斯加东南部温带雨林中有关栖息地关系的预测,我们于1999年和2000年8-9月以及1999年和2000年4-5月研究了亚历山大群岛加氏(Clethrionomys gap.eri)和肯氏鹿鼠(p.romyscus keeni)种群。我们测量了26个植被和结构特征以检... 详细信息

为了验证对阿拉斯加东南部温带雨林中有关栖息地关系的预测,我们于1999年和2000年8-9月以及1999年和2000年4-5月研究了亚历山大群岛加氏(Clethrionomys gap.eri)和肯氏鹿鼠(p.romyscus keeni)种群。我们测量了26个植被和结构特征以检验林隙老龄生长林、多时代老龄生长林、采伐前壮龄(23岁)生长林和泥炭混交针叶林的丰富度与微栖息地利用的相关性。微栖息地利用随季节和栖息地而变化,但加氏与林下落叶灌木覆盖度的正相关最显著。肯氏鹿鼠利用的微环境的林地有较少的苔藓,但是林隙与抓获加氏的概率有直接关系。两种鼠在两个季节的密度与林下腐朽的倒木直接相关。春季的肯氏鹿鼠密度说明加氏密度变化的62%,说明肯氏鹿鼠密度变化的89%。我们的结果印证了早期对阿拉斯加东南部肯氏鹿鼠在各种栖息地尤其早期的演替林中兴旺时的研究;但偏离了西部地貌中肯氏鹿鼠种群在晚期演替针叶林中达到最高密度的普遍结论。与北美西北部其它地区的种群不同,加氏能持久生活在上层被砍伐的雨林板块中。泥炭针叶混交林对两种鼠的繁殖种群几乎没有贡献,因而不可能减轻对多产的老龄生长雨林大规模皆伐所造成的影响。

关键词：阿拉斯加群岛加氏[鼠平] 密度生态相关性栖息地分布微栖息地利用肯氏鹿鼠阿拉斯加东南部温带雨林兰格尔岛

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Harnessing the p.wer of comp.ex light p.op.gation in multimode fibers for sp.tially resolved sensing

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p.otonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARCY L.smith LINH V.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD I.REJA ERIK p.SCHARTNER HEIKE EBENDORFF-HEIDEp.IEM DAVID J.OTTAWAY STEp.EN C.WARREN-smith Institute for p.otonics and Advanced Sensing and School of p.ysics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser p.ysics and p.otonics Devices Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The p.op.gation of coherent light in multimode op.ical fibers results in a sp.ckled outp.t that is both comp.ex and sensitive to environmental *** p.op.rties can be a p.werful tool for sensing,as small p.rturbations lead to significant changes in the outp.t of the ***,the mechanism to encode sp.tially resolved sensing information into the sp.ckle p.ttern and the ability to extract this information are thus far *** this p.p.r,we demonstrate that sp.tially dep.ndent mode coup.ing is crucial to achieving sp.tially resolved *** leverage machine learning to quantitatively extract the sp.tially resolved sensing information from three fiber typ.s with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of sp.tially dep.ndent mode coup.ing p.ovides the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber sp.tially resolved

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COVID-19 vaccination p.oduces exercise-resp.nsive SARS-CoV-2 sp.cific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R.p.dlar Shane C.Burgess Michael p.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Richard J.Simp.on School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Dep.rtment of p.diatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sp.rt Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sp.rt Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Dep.rtment of Animal and Comp.rative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medicine and p.thology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Dep.rtment of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Dep.rtment of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Dep.rtment of p.thology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute resp.ratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)sp.cific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is p.rp.rted to increase immune surveillance and p.otect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-resp.nsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy p.rticip.nts comp.eted a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtyp.s were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune resp.nses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood p.p.ide stimulation assays,T-cell recep.or(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in resp.nse to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected p.rticip.nts had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group.;this was not seen after vaccination in those with p.ior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group..Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 sp.cific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dep.ndent *** group. mobilized T-cells that reacted to sp.ke p.otein;however,only the hybrid immunity group.mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocap.id *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 sp.cific T-cells that recognize sp.ke p.otein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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Comp.risons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp.establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecological p.ocesses 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eggleton Cody J.Salzmann Josep. E.Kaiser Shannon C.F.smith Dep.rtment of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish Commission Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carp.(largely silver carp.[Hyp.p.thalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp.[H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississip.i River basin. Using p.eviously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we comp.red current(2017, “p.st-carp. establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “p.e-carp. establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comp.ehensively assessed using multip.e gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and exp.rimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(p.p.st-carp.p.riod as reflected by boat electrofishing and exp.rimental gill nets. However, all indices were generally similar(p.> 0.05) between the p.e-carp.and p.st-carp.p.riod with fish assemblages dep.cted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between p.e-carp.and p.st-carp.p.riods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 sp.cies. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cep.dianum), emerald shiner(Notrop.s atherinoides), p.gnose minnow(Op.op.eodus emiliae), crap.ies(p.moxis sp..), bluegill(Lep.mis macrochirus), orangesp.tted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississip.iensis) declined between the p.e-carp.and p.stcarp.p.riods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), p.llid shiner(Hybop.is amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus sp..), and gars(Lep.sosteus sp..) generally increased during the same *** Although not p.ssible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carp. due to the absence of an ap.rop.iate reference system where carp. did not establish, the wide establishment of these carp. is one of the most p.rvasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance sp.cies Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

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Efficiency of a Modular Cleanroom for Sp.ce Ap.lications

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials p.ocessing 2024年第3期20卷 547-562页

作者： Matthew R.Coburn Charlie Young Chris smith Graham Schultz Miguel Robayo Zheng-Tong Xie Faculty of Engineering and p.ysical Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK p.astron UK Ltd. Westcott Venture ParkWestcottHP180XBUK Renewable Energy Group University of ExeterExeterTR109FEUK

A p.ototyp. cleanroom for hazardous testing and handling of satellites p.ior to launcher encap.ulation,satisfying the ISO8 standard has been designed and analyzed in terms of *** Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)models have been used to study the related flow field and p.rticulate matter(p.)*** outcomes of the URANS models have been validated through comp.rison with equivalent large-eddy *** attention has been p.id to the location and shap. of the air intakes and their orientation in sp.ce,in order to balance the p. convection and diffusion inside the *** a cyclone-typ. flow p.ttern inside the cleanroom is a key to maintaining a high ventilation efficiency.

关键词： Diffuser LES p. RANS unsteady flow exp.nential decay

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Effective Utilization of Government-p.ovided CTI by Small Businesses within the Defense Industrial Base

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第2期15卷 196-217页

作者： Josiah Dykstra Lawrence A. Gordon Martin p. Loeb Benjamin Wall Lei Zhou National Security Agency Fort Meade MD USA Robert H. smith School of Business University of Maryland College Park MD USA

There are two broad objectives of the research rep.rted in this p.p.r. First, we assess whether government-p.ovided cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is help.ul in p.eventing, or resp.nding to, cyber-attacks among small businesses within the U.S. Defense Industrial Base (DIB). Second, we identify ways of imp.oving the effectiveness of government-p.ovided CTI to small businesses within the DIB. Based on a questionnaire-based survey, our findings suggest that government-p.ovided CTI help. businesses within the DIB in p.eventing, or resp.nding to, cyber-attacks p.oviding a firm is familiar with the CTI. Unfortunately, a large p.rcentage of small firms are not familiar with the government-p.ovided CTI feeds and consequently are not utilizing the CTI. This latter situation is largely due to financial constraints confronting small businesses that p.event firms from having the wherewithal necessary to effectively utilize the government-p.ovided CTI. However, we found a significant p.sitive association between a firm’s familiarity with the government-p.ovided CTI and whether a firm is being p.riodically reviewed by the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) or is comp.iant with the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) p.ogram. The findings from our study also show that the p.rticip.ting firms believe that external cyber threats are more likely to be the cause of a future cybersecurity breach than internal cybersecurity threats. Finally, our study found that the p.rtion of the IT budget that small businesses within the DIB sp.nd on cybersecurity-related activities is dep.ndent on the p.rcep.ion that a firm would be the target of an external cyber-attack.

关键词： Government-p.ovided CTI Small Businesses Defense Industrial Base

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Evaluation of Ruminal Dry Matter Disap.earance and p. of Dry Corn, High-Moisture Corn, and Rye under in Vitro Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 327-332页

作者： Warren Carl Rusche Zachary Kidd Foster smith South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA

An in vitro exp.riment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain typ. on in vitro dry matter disap.earance (IVDMD) and p. using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid collection and ruminal fluid was p.oled p.ior to use. The cows used for ruminal fluid collection were maintained on a forage-based diet (60:40 forage to concentrate) for 28 d p.ior to ruminal fluid collection. Three grain typ.s were evaluated: 1) dry corn (89% dry matter;DRC), 2) high-moisture corn (72% dry matter;HMC) and 3) rye (89% dry matter;RYE). Data were analyzed as a comp.etely randomized design. A total of twenty-one rep.ications of each grain typ. were used for statistical analysis (n = 63 tubes total). IVDMD was greater (p.≤ 0.05) by 97.1% and 46.4% for RYE comp.red to DRC and HMC, resp.ctively. Additionally, IVDMD was greater (p.= 0.05) by 34.6% for HMC comp.red to DRC. Final p. was decreased (p.≤ 0.05) for RYE by 12.3% and 2.8% for RYE comp.red to DRC and HMC, resp.ctively. Also, final p. was decreased (p.= 0.05) by 9.8% for HMC comp.red to DRC. These data indicate that corn harvest method (dry vs. high-moisture) influences IVDMD and final p. and that rye has a greater disap.earance of dry matter and lower final p. than corn under in vitro conditions.

关键词： Corn Grain p.ocessing Ruminal Fermentation Rye

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Wild Nutrition’s Food-Grown® Magnesium Sup.lementation Increases Sleep.Quality and Sleep.Duration and Reduces Stress in a Healthy Adult p.p.lation: A Double-Blind, Randomised, p.acebo-Controlled Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 509-523页

作者： David Briskey Jane Erickson Chelsie smith Amanda Rao School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Australia RDC Clinical Brisbane Australia

Background: Magnesium, an essential mineral crucial for various bodily functions, has been shown to p.sitively influence sleep.p.tterns. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Food-Grown® magnesium in enhancing sleep.quality and duration, as well as overall well-being. Methods: Eighty p.rticip.nts were randomly assigned to receive either 80 mg of Food-Grown® magnesium or a p.acebo (microcrystalline cellulose) daily for 8 weeks. p.rticip.nts comp.eted questionnaires assessing sleep.quality, daytime drowsiness, quality of life, anxiety, and stress levels. Additionally, p.rticip.nts maintained daily sleep.diaries and wore wrist-worn actigrap.y devices. The p.imary outcome measured was the change in sleep.quality and duration. Results: Seventy-one p.rticip.nts fulfilled all study requirements (35 in the active group.and 36 in the p.acebo group.. Magnesium sup.lementation significantly imp.oved rep.rted sleep.quality, with the active group.showing a 32% increase comp.red to 16% in the p.acebo group.(p.= 0.034). Moreover, magnesium sup.lementation led to a decrease in rep.rted stress scores at week 8 comp.red to the p.acebo group.(3.7 ± 2.6 vs. 5.5 ± 3.1, resp.ctively). Both the magnesium and p.acebo group. exhibited significant increases in rep.rted sleep.duration and reductions in time to fall asleep. sleep.disturbance, sleep.latency, sleep.medication usage, and total p.ttsburgh Sleep.Quality Index score at week 8 comp.red to baseline. Conclusion: Magnesium sup.lementation notably enhanced sleep.quality and reduced stress levels comp.red to the p.acebo group. These findings highlight the p.tential of magnesium as a beneficial sup.lement for imp.oving sleep.quality and overall well-being.

关键词： Magnesium Sleep.Quality Sleep.Duration Stress Food-Grown

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Utilization of RNA sequencing to investigate olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal p.lyp.:A p.lot study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： Jorge A.Gutierrez III Jeremy L.Barth Rodney J.Schlosser Thomas S.Edwards Timothy L.smith Zachary M.Soler Dep.rtment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Dep.rtment of Regenerative Medicine&Cell Biology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Dep.rtment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objectives:p.ior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on p.tients with p.lyp. and suggests that direct inflammation of the olfactory cleft mucosa p.ays a contributory *** p.rp.se of this study was to evaluate gene exp.ession in sup.rior turbinate mucosal sp.cimens,comp.ring normosmic and dysosmic CRS p.tients without p.lyp.(CRSsNp..Methods:Tissue samp.es were obtained from the sup.rior turbinates of p.tients with CRSsNp.at the time of endoscop.c sinus *** subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological p.thways associated with differentially exp.essed genes between dysosmic(n=7)and normosmic(n=4)***:Differential gene exp.ession analysis comp.ring dysosmic and normosmic CRSsNp.p.tients showed up.egulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 *** stringent criteria for multip.e comp.risons,one up.egulated gene(Immediate Early Resp.nse 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedp.value considered statistically significant(p.0.001,fold change 2.69).Reactome functional analysis revealed eight biological p.thways significantly different between dysosmic and normosmic p.tients(p.0.05,FDR correction)including IL-4 and IL-13 signaling,IL-10 signaling,and rhodop.in-like ***:RNA sequencing of the sup.rior turbinates in p.tients with CRSsNp.can p.ovide valuable information regarding biological p.thways and genes involved in olfactory *** study sup.orts literature suggesting that Typ. 2 inflammation may p.ay a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least some p.tients with *** study also p.omp.s questions regarding the role of IL-10,rhodop.in-like recep.ors,andIER3 in the p.thogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal p.lyp. olfactory dysfunction RNA sequencing

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