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size-dependent locomotory performance creates a behaviorally mediated prey size refuge in the marine snail Olivella sem istriata:a study in the natural habitat

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 57-62页

作者： Callie A.VEELENTURF winfried s.peters Biology Department Purdue University Fort WayneFort WayneIN 46805USA Goldring-Gund Marine Biology station Playa GrandeSanta CruzGuanacasteCosta Rica school of Biological sciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

The effects of the variability of individual prey locomotory performance on the vulnerability to predation are poorly understood,partly because individual performance is difficult to determine in natural *** gain insights into the role(s)of individual variation in predatory relationships,we study a convenient model system,the neotropical sandy beach gastropod Olivella semistriata and its main predator,the carnivorous snail Agaronia *** largest size class of *** is known to be missing from ***'s spectrum of subdued prey,although the predator regularly captures much larger individuals of other *** resolve this conundrum,we analyzed predation attempts in the *** *** attacked *** of all sizes,large prey specimens usually escaped by'sculling',an accelerated,stepping mode of *** semistriata performed sculling locomotion regardless of size,but sculling velocities determined in the natural environment increased strongly with ***,growth in size as such does not establish a prey size refuge in which *** is safe from ***,a behaviorally mediated size refuge is created through the size-dependence of sculling *** together,this work presents a rare quantitative characterization in the natural habitat of the causal sequence from the size-dependence of individual performance,to the prey size-dependent outcome of predation attempts,to the size bias in the predator's prey spectrum.

关键词： Escape response Prey size refuge Locomotory performance Predator-prey size ratio Olivella semistriata Agaronia propatula

Waders(scolopacidae)surviving despite malaligned leg fractures in the wild:kinematics of bipedal locomotion

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Avian Research 2017年第3期8卷 168-175页

作者： Jessica Reichert Gerald Mayr Thomas Wilke winfried s.peters Department of Animal Ecology and systematics Justus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32(IFZ)35392 GiessenGermany Ornithology section Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History MuseumSenckenberganlage 2560325 FrankfurtGermany school of Biological science Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

Background: Bone fracture frequencies and survival rates are essential parameters in skeleton evolution, but information on the functional consequences of naturally healed fractures is scarce. No leg bone fracture healing in the wild has been reported so far from long-legged Charadriiformes(waders), which depend on bipedal locomotion for ***: We documented a healed but malaligned tarsometatarsus fracture in a wild Willet(Tringa [Catoptrophorus]semipalmata), and a malaligned tibiotarsus fracture in a Curlew(Numenius arquata) skeleton from a museum collection. Functional consequences of the malalignments were evaluated by kinematic analyses of videos(Willet) and in silico 3D modeling(Curlew).Results: The Willet's left tarsometatarsus exhibited an angular malalignment of 70°, resulting in a limping gait that was less pronounced at high than at low walking speed. The bird seemed unable to club the toes of the left foot together, apparently a secondary effect of the deformity. The Curlew's tibiotarsus showed an angular and an axial malalignment, causing the foot to rotate outwards when the intertarsal joint was flexed. Despite the severe effects of their injuries, the birds had survived at least long enough for the fractures to heal ***: somewhat unexpectedly, leg fractures are not necessarily fatal in long-legged waders, even if deformities occur in the healing process. Bipedal locomotion on vegetated grounds must have been impeded due to the bone malalignments in both analyzed cases. The birds probably alleviated the impact of their handicaps by shifting a larger proportion of their activities to vegetation-free habitats.

关键词： 3D modeling Bone fracture healing Tringa(Catoptrophorus) semipalmata Kinematic gait analysis Long bone malalignment Numenius arquata scolopacidae

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梳并联生产普梳环锭纱和转杯纱的实践

国际纺织导报 2002年第3期30卷 11-12,14-16页

作者： s.schlichter s.peters 陈廷 Trützschler公司

为了提高纺纱厂的经济效益 ,一直以来最行之有效的方法之一就是缩短和简化工艺流程。这里 ,任意选择了两种工序进行了组合 ,例如 ,将环锭纺的细纱机与络筒机组合起来 ,或者把整个工艺流程集成到一台设备上 ,就像转杯纺纱机把细纱和络筒... 详细信息

为了提高纺纱厂的经济效益 ,一直以来最行之有效的方法之一就是缩短和简化工艺流程。这里 ,任意选择了两种工序进行了组合 ,例如 ,将环锭纺的细纱机与络筒机组合起来 ,或者把整个工艺流程集成到一台设备上 ,就像转杯纺纱机把细纱和络筒成功组合起来一样。

关键词：普梳环锭纱转杯纱纺纱梳并联组合

Co-culture methods to study neuronal function and disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 972-973页

作者： sarah B.peters Division of Biosciences College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Co-culture methods to study neuronal function and disease:Injury,infection and degenerative diseases can occur throughout the body,potentially causing impaired organ function,loss of sensation,increased pain and/or tissue ***,researchers have begun to investigate ways to better mimic organ physiology by culturing neurons with the cell-type(s)-ofinterest toward the goals of regenerating organs that accurately communicate with autonomic and sensory-somatic nervous systems.

关键词： impaired sensation organs

Comparison of Nitric Oxide Concentrations in μs-and ns-Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas by UV Absorption spectroscopy

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Plasma science and Technology 2016年第4期18卷 406-411页

作者： F.peters J.HIRsCHBERG N.MERTENs s.WIENEKE W.VIOL HAWK University of Applied sciences and Arts Von-Ossietzky-Straβe 9937085 Gottingen Germany Fraunhofer Application Center for Plasma and Photonics Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST Von-Ossietzky-Stratte 100 37085 Gottingen Germany

In this paper,an absorption spectroscopy measurement method was applied on two atmospheric pressure plasma sources to determine their production of nitric *** concentrations are essential for evaluating the plasma sources based on the principle of the Dielectric Barrier Discharge（DBD）for applications in plasma *** described method is based on a setup with an electrodeless discharge lamp filled with a mixture of oxygen and *** of the emitted wavelengths is an important resonance wavelength of nitric oxide（λ = 226.2 nm）.By comparing the absorption behaviour at the minimum and maximum of the spectral absorption cross section of nitric oxide around that wavelength,and measuring the change in intensity by the absorbing plasma,the concentration of nitric oxide inside the plasma can be *** produced nitric oxide concentrations depend on the pulse duration and are in the range of 180 ppm to 1400 ppm,so that a distance of about 10 cm to the respiratory tract is enough to conform to the VDI Guideline 2310.

关键词： nitric oxide(NO)concentration dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) ultraviolet(UV)absorption spectroscopy plasma medicine pulse duration ns-source μs-source

Divergent foraging behavior in a hybrid zone： Darwin＇s tree finches （Camarhynchus spp.） on Floreana Island

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 181-190页

作者： Katharina J. peters sonia KLEINDORFER school of Biological sciences Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide 5001 Australia

Hybrid speciation is increasingly recognized as a mechanism for novel evolutionary trajectories. However, we know very little about the ecology of a contact zone that has arisen in sympatry. This study examines the foraging behavior and fitness of two species of Darwin＇s tree finches （Camarhynchus parvulus, C pauper） and hybrid offspring on Floreana Island. Previous study showed that the percentage of hybrids in the tree finch population increased from 19% in 2005 to 41% in 2010, and their body and beak size increased by -5% （parental phenotype did not change）. In 2005-2006, all three tree finch groups （two paren- tal species and hybrid birds） used the same foraging substrate, technique, and height. By 2010-2013, the small tree finch C. par- vulus had changed its foraging technique and the medium tree finch C. pauper had changed its foraging height. Both parental species had higher body condition when foraging at （divergent） mean foraging heights per species but hybrid birds did not. We discuss the implications of conserving forest to facilitate vertical niche expansion and the role of hybridization for genetic persis- tence [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 181-190, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization speciation Adaptive radiation Conservation scalesia Ecological niche

Critiquing and Joining Intersections of Disaster,Conflict,and Peace Research

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2020年第5期11卷 555-567页

作者： Laura E.R.peters Ilan Kelman College of Earth.Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallis.OR 97331USA Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction and Institute for Global HealthUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 6BT.UK University of Agder.4630 Kristiansand Norway

Disaster research,conflict research,and peace research have rich and deep histories,yet they do not always fully intersect or learn from each other,even when they investigate if and how disasters lead to conflict or *** has tended to focus on investigating causal linkages between disaster(including those associated with climate change)and conflict,and disaster diplomacy emerged as a thread of explanatory research that investigates how and why disaster-related activities do and do not in fluence peace and ***,definitive conclusions on the disaster-conflict-peace nexus have evaded scientific consensus,in part due to conceptual,methodological,and interpretive differences among *** article highlights that this nexus would benefit from a more robust engagement with each field's foundational research that explores beyond binary and crude *** are concepts of destructive and constructive conflict;direct,structural,and cultural violence,and their relationships to vulnerability;negative and positive peace;and the ideals and realities of peacebuilding and conflict *** article demonstrates how integrated scholarship could open up and advance new lines of questioning,with implications for developing cohere nt research,policy,and *** article concludes by offering recommendations for how to better connect disaster,conflict,and peace research.

关键词： Climate change Conflict research Disaster diplomacy Disaster risk reduction Peace research

Effect of soil Water Repellency on Energy Partitioning Between soil and Atmosphere:A Conceptual Approach

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Pedosphere 2014年第4期24卷 498-507页

作者： H.sCHONsKY A.peters G.WEssOLEK Department of soil Conservation Institute of EcologyTechnical University of BerlinD-10587 Berlin(Germany)

Water repellency(WR) is a phenomenon known from many soils around the world and can occur in arid as well as in humid climates;few studies,however,have examined the effect of soil WR on the soil-plant-atmosphere energy *** aim of our study was to estimate the effects of soil WR on the calculated soil-atmosphere energy balance,using a solely model-based *** made out evapotranspiration to have the largest influence on the energy balance;therefore the effect of WR on actual evapotranspiration was *** achieve this we used climate data and measured soil hydraulic properties of a potentially water-repellent sandy soil from a site near Berlin,Germany.A numerical 1D soil water balance model in which WR was incorporated in a straightforward way was applied,using the effective cross section *** were carried out with vegetated soil and bare *** simulation results showed a reduction in evapotranspiration of 30-300 mm year^(-1)(9%-76%) at different degrees of WR compared to completely wettable soil,depending on the severity degree of soil *** energy that is not being transported away by water vapor(i.e.,due to reduced evapotranspiration) had to be transformed into other parts of the energy balance and thus would influence the local climate.

关键词： climate effective cross section evapotranspiration soil-atmosphere energy balance soil hydraulic property water balance

Double-barreled defense: dual ent-miltiradiene synthases in most rice cultivars

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aBIOTECH 2024年第3期5卷 375-380页

作者： Yiling Feng Tristan Weers Reuben J.peters Roy J.Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Rice(Oryza sativa)produces numerous diterpenoid phytoalexins that are important in defense against ***,despite extensive previous investigations,a major group of such phytoalexins,the abietoryzins,were only recently *** aromatic abietanes are presumably derived from ent-miltiradiene,but such biosynthetic capacity has not yet been reported in *** wild rice has been reported to contain such an enzyme,specifically ent-kaurene synthase-like 10(KsL10),the only characterized ortholog from ***(OsKsL10),specifically from the well-studied cultivar(cv.)Nipponbare,instead has been shown to make ent-sandaracopimaradiene,precursor to the ***,in many other cultivars,OsKsL10 is accompanied by a tandem duplicate,termed here *** characterization of OsKLs14 from *** demonstrates that this produces the expected abietoryzin precursor ***,phylogenetic analysis of OsKsL10 across the rice pan-genome reveals that from *** is an outlier,whereas the alleles from most other cultivars group with those from wild rice,suggesting that these also might produce ***,OsKsL10 from *** exhibits such activity as well,consistent with its production of abietoryzins but not *** consistent with these results is the lack of abietoryzin production by *** their equivalent product outcome might suggest redundancy,OsKsL10 and OsKsL14 were observed to exhibit distinct expression patterns,indicating such differences may underlie retention of these duplicated ***,the results reported here clarify abietoryzin biosynthesis and provide insight into the evolution of rice diterpenoid phytoalexins.

关键词： Phytoalexins Diterpenoids Diterpene synthases Tandem gene duplication Neofunctionalization