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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT INdeX: deFINITION, GLOBAL ASSESSMENT AND POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第3期9卷 356-365页

作者： Xin ZHANG Yanyu WANG Lena SCHULTE-UEBBING wim de vries Tan ZOU Eric ADAVIDSON University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science FrostburgMD 21532USA Environmental Systems Analysis Group Wageningen University&ResearchWageningen6708 PBthe Netherlands PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency The Hague2594 AVthe Netherlands.

To represent the sustainability of nitrogen management in the Sustainable development Goals indicator framework,this paper proposes a sustainable nitrogen management index(SNMI).This index combines the performance in N crop yield and N use efficiency(NUE),thereby accounting for the need for both food production and environmental *** SNMI to countries around the world,the results showed improvement in the overall sustainability of crop N management over the past four decades,but this improvement has been mainly achieved by crop yield increase,while global NUE has improved only *** values vary largely among countries,and this variation has increased since the 1970s,implying different levels of success,even failure,in improving N management for countries around the *** the standard SNMI assessment,the reference NUE was defined as 1.0(considered an ideal NUE)and the reference yield was defined as 90 kg·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1) N(considering a globally averaged yield target for meeting food demand in 2050).A sensitivity test that replaced the reference NUE of 1.0 with more realistic NUE targets of 0.8 or 0.9 showed overall reduction in SNMI values(i.e.,improved performance),but little change in the ranking among *** another test that replaced the universal reference yield with region-specific attainable yield,SNMI values declined(i.e.,improved performance)for most countries in Africa and West Asia,whereas they increased for many countries in Europe and South *** index can be improved by further investigation of approaches for setting region-specific yield targets and high-quality data on crop yield ***,SNMI offers promise for a simple and transparent approach to assess progress of countries toward sustainable N management with a single indicator.

关键词： global assessment indicator nitrogen management sustainable agriculture sustainable development goals

ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NITROGEN dePOSITION ON URBAN FORESTS: AN OVERVIEW

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第3期9卷 445-456页

作者： Enzai DU Nan XIA Yuying GUO Yuehan TIAN Binghe LI Xuejun LIU wim de vries State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Natural Resources Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China National Academy of Agriculture Green development Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Wageningen University and Research Environmental ResearchPO Box 47NL-6700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands Wageningen University and Research Environmental Systems Analysis GroupPO Box 47NL-6700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands

The global urban area is expanding continuously,resulting in unprecedented emissions and deposition of reactive nitrogen(N)in urban ***,large knowledge gaps remain in the ecological effects of N deposition on urban forests that provide key ecosystem services for an increasing majority of city *** current understanding of the spatial patterns and ecological effects of N deposition in urban forests was synthesized based on a literature review of observational and experimental *** deposition generally increases closer to cities,resulting in an urban hotspot *** components of N deposition also shift across urban-suburban-rural gradients,showing higher ratios of ammonium to nitrate in and around urban *** ecological effects of N deposition on urban forest ecosystems are overviewed with a special focus on ecosystem N cycling,soil acidification,nutrient imbalances,soil greenhouse gas emissions,tree growth and forest productivity,and plant and soil microbial *** distinct effects of unprecedented N deposition on urban forests are discussed in comparison with the common effects in natural *** the existing research efforts,several key research needs are highlighted to fill the knowledge gaps in the ecological effects of N deposition on urban forests.

关键词： biodiversity carbon sequestration nitrogen deposition nutrient imbalance soil acidification urban forest

The Dutch N-cascade in the European perspective

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第Z2期48卷 827-842页

作者： Jan Willem Erisman Nelleke Domburg wim de vries Hans Kros Bronno de Haan Kaj Sanders Energy Research Center of the Netherlands ECN P.O.Box 11755 ZG Pettenthe Netherlands Alterra Green World Research P.O.box 47 6700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands RIVM P.O.Box 1 3720 BA Bilthoventhe Netherlands Ministry of Housing Spatial Planning and the Environment VROMthe Netherlands

The Netherlands is "well known" for its nitrogen problems; it has one of the highest reactive nitrogen (Nr) emission densities in the world. It is a small country at the delta of several large European rivers. Ever since the industrial revolution, there has been a growing excess of nutrients and related emissions into the atmosphere (ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide)and into groundwater and surface water (nitrate), leading to a large range of cascading environmental impacts. Vehicular traffic, sewage and animal husbandry are the main sources of oxidized and reduced forms of Nr. This paper provides an overview of the origin and fate of nitrogen in the Netherlands, the various reported impacts of nitrogen, the Dutch and European policies to reduce nitrogen emissions and related impacts. In addition, ways are presented to go forward to potentially solve the problems in a European perspective. Solutions include the improvement of nitrogen efficiencies in different systems, technological options and education.

关键词： reactive nitrogen, policy, technology, measures, agriculture, Europe, emission, fluxes.

Recurrent evolution of seaweed body plan complexity among photosynthetic eukaryotes

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 999-1001页

作者： Elisa S.Goldbecker Iker Irisarri Jan de vries department of Applied Bioinformatics Institute for Microbiology and GeneticsUniversity of GottingenGoldschmidtstr.137077 GottingenGermany Section Phylogenomics Center for Molecular Biodiversity ResearchLeibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change(LIB)Museum of Nature HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz 320146 HamburgGermany department of Applied Bioinformatics Campus Institute Data Science(CIDAS)University of GottingenGoldschmidtstr.137077 GottingenGermany department of Applied Bioinformatics Gottingen Center for Molecular Biosciences(GZMB)University of GottingenGoldschmidtstr.137077 GottingenGermany

The evolutionary origin of multicellularity is an age-old question in biological *** studies have delved into the evolutionary processes that led to the evolution of multicellular life forms from unicellular *** beauty and the challenge about this topic are that evolution has brought forth various forms of multicellular life,multiple times independently,scattered across the evolutionary tree of *** to the challenge,multicellular organisms exist in a diversity of forms and complexities,and the mechanisms by which multicellularity emerged are also likely different between animals,algae,or fungi(Niklas and Newman,2020).Recently,Nelson et al.(2024)presented a large-scale comparative genomics study focused on particularly intricate multicellular organisms:macroalgae(seaweeds),which emerged independently in three distinct eukaryotic lineages-green algae(Chlorophyta),red algae(Rhodophyta),and brown algae(Phaeophyceae).

关键词： algae seaweed evolution

A NEW APPROACH TO HOLISTIC NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN CHINA

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维普期刊数据库

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第3期9卷 490-510页

作者： Xuejun LIU Zhenling CUI Tianxiang HAO Lixing YUAN Ying ZHANG Baojing GU Wen XU Hao YING Weifeng ZHANG Tingyu LI Xiaoyuan YAN Keith GOULDING David KANTER Robert HOWARTH Carly STEVENS Jagdish LADHA Qianqian LI Lei LIU wim de vries Fusuo ZHANG Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Environmental&Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Tropical Crops Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Nanjing Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden AL52JQUK department of Environmental Studies New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10003USA department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA School of Life Sciences Jiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221116China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Environmental Systems Analysis Group Wageningen University&ResearchPO Box 476700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands.

Since the 1980s,the widespread use of N fertilizer has not only resulted in a strong increase in agricultural productivity but also caused a number of environmental problems,induced by excess reactive N emissions.A range of approaches to improve N management for increased agricultural production together with reduced environmental impacts has been *** 4R principles(right product,right amount,right time and right place)for N fertilizer application have been essential for improving crop productivity and N use efficiency while reducing N *** example,site-specific N management(as part of 4R practice)reduced N fertilizer use by 32%and increased yield by 5%in ***,it has not been enough to overcome the challenge of producing more food with reduced impact on the environment and *** paper proposes a new framework of food-chainnitrogen-management(FCNM).This involves good N management including the recycling of organic manures,optimized crop and animal production and improved human diets,with the aim of maximizing resource use efficiency and minimizing environmental *** could meet future challenges for food demand,resource sustainability and environmental safety,key issues for green agricultural transformation in China and other countries.

关键词： 4R technology food chain N management N use efficiency soil-crop system sustainable management

NitroGenius:氮决策支持系统——荷兰氮污染问题最佳解决方案的一个游戏模拟实验

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2002年第2期31卷 190-196页

作者： Jan Willem Erisman Arjan Hensen wim de vries Hans Kros Tamme van de Wal wim de Winter Jan Erik Wien Mark v.Elswijk Matthijs Maat Kaj Sanders 何永涛荷兰能源研究中心(ECN)综合评价研究室 Utrecht大学气象与海洋物理学专业瓦赫宁根大学瓦赫宁根软件研究室农业经济研究所荷兰乌得勒支市软件工程研究中心

利用计算机模拟的方法,我们为第二届国际氮会议研制开发了一个游戏形式的氮决策支持系统。研制这一系统的目的是:①使科学工作者和决策者们都能认识到荷兰氮污染问题的复杂性,因为荷兰是一个农业、工业和运输业活动密集的区域;②探索以... 详细信息

利用计算机模拟的方法,我们为第二届国际氮会议研制开发了一个游戏形式的氮决策支持系统。研制这一系统的目的是:①使科学工作者和决策者们都能认识到荷兰氮污染问题的复杂性,因为荷兰是一个农业、工业和运输业活动密集的区域;②探索以最低的社会经济代价解决氮污染的最佳方案。NitroGenius由有关时空范围内的氮流动模型组成,其中包括氨和氮氧化合物的释放及其对地表水和地下水的污染。NitroGenius中还包括了一个经济模型,它描述了各个重要经济部门之间的关系,以及不同氮排放控制措施对国民生产总值(GDP)、失业率、能源消耗和环境的影响。在第二次国际氮会议期间,大约有50个研究组对NitroGenius进行了测试,结果表明,如果认真进行计划并选择适当的治理措施,就能够以适当的代价解决荷兰的氮污染问题。

关键词： N2O排放空气污染氮决策支持系统荷兰氮污染游戏模拟实验

PLATFORM SELECTION FOR COMPLEX SYSTEMS:BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEMS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2014年第4期23卷 415-438页

作者： Geerten van de Kaa Henk Jan de vries Jafar Rezaei Faculty of Technology Policyand ManagementDelft University of TechnologyJaffalaan 52628BX DelftThe Netherlands Rotterdam School of Management Erasmus UniversityBurgemeester Oudlaan 503062PARotterdam The Netherlands Faculty of TechnologyPolicyand ManagementDelft University of Technology Jaffalaan 52628BX DelftThe Netherlands Faculty of Technology Policyand ManagementDelft University of Technology Jaffalaan 52628BXDelftThe Netherlands

Automation systems for buildings interconnect components and technologies from the information technology industry and the telecommunications *** these industries,existing platforms and new platforms（that are designed to make building automation systems work） compete for market acceptance and consequently several platform battles among suppliers for building automation networking are being *** is unclear what the outcome of these battles will be and also which factors are important in achieving platform *** the fuzziness of decision makers＇ judgments into account,a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methodology called the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process is applied to investigate the importance of such factors in platform battles for building automation *** present the relative importance of the factors for three types of platforms（subsystem platforms,system platforms,and evolved subsystem platforms）.The results provide a first indication that the set of important factors differs per type of *** example,when focusing on other stakeholders,for subsystem platforms,the previous installed base is of importance;for system platforms,the diversity of the network of stakeholders is essential;and for evolved subsystem platforms,the judiciary is an important factor.

关键词： Building automation system complex system platform Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)

A win-win technique of stabilizing sand dune and purifying paper mill black-liquor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第4期21卷 488-493页

作者： WANG Hanjie Penning de vries FRITS JIN Yongcan Corresponding author. E-mail: geohuangss@ *** International Program Office of Monsoon Asia Integrated Regional Study (MAIRS) Beijing 100029 China Nanjing Forestry Universities Nanjing 210037 China

The principle and technique were reported here to produce lignin-based sand stabilizing material （LSSM） using extracted lignin from black liquor of straw paper mills. Field tests using LSSM to stabilize and green sand dunes were started in 2002. The field experiment was carded out in August 2005 when the newly formed plant community was 3 years old. The results from the comprehensive field experiment demonstrated that unlike polyvinyl acetate or foamed asphalt commonly used for dune stabilization, LSSM was plant- friendly material and could be used in combination with seeding and planting of desert species. With the help of LSSM, the desert species （i.e., Agriophyllum squarrosum （L.） Moq. and Artemisia desertorum Spreng. etc.） could be used to form community in 2-3 yeas and to stabilize sand dune effectively. The newly formed community was sustainable under an extremely dry climate condition. The organic matter and total nitrogen in the soil increased significantly as the community were formed, while the change in P and K contents in the soil was negligible.

关键词： climate change desertification control straw pulping black liquor purification

Punctuated ancestral gene gains in streptophyte evolution

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Molecular Plant 2022年第5期15卷 799-801页

作者： Iker Irisarri Jan de vries University of Goettingen Institute for Microbiology and GeneticsDepartment of Applied BioinformaticsGoldschmidtstr.137077 GöttingenGermany Campus Institute Data Science(CIDAS) GöttingenGermany University of Goettingen Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences(GZMB)Department of Applied BioinformaticsGoldschmidtstr.137077

Understanding the genomic substrate behind evolutionary change is a major endeavor in biology,shedding light on impor-tant aspects of the evolutionary history as well as unraveling the mechanisms of genome *** of the ... 详细信息

关键词： evolution evolution evolutionary