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Exploring well-being disparities between urban and rural areas:A case study in the Stavropol Territory,Russia

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 80-92页

作者： Anastasia CHAPLITSKAYA wim HEIJMAN Johan van OPHEM Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen6700 ABNetherlands Department of Foreign Languages Stavropol State Agrarian UniversityStavropol355017Russia Department of Economics Faculty of Economics and ManagementCzech University of Life SciencesPrague16500Czech Urban Economics Group Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen6700 ABNetherlands

Rural areas are crucial for a country’s sustainable *** strategies are needed to develop rural areas to improve the well-being of rural population and generate new job *** is especially important in countries where agricultural production accounts for a significant share of the gross product,such as *** this study,we identified the key indicators of satisfaction and differences between rural and urban citizens based on their social,economic,and environmental backgrounds,and determined whether there are well-being disparities between rural and urban areas in the Stavropol Territory,*** collected primary data through a survey based on the European Social Survey framework to investigate the potential differences between rural and urban *** computing the regional well-being index using principal component analysis,we found that there was no statistically significant difference in well-being between rural and urban *** of key indicators showed that rural residents felt psychologically more comfortable and safer,assessed their family relationships better,and adhered more to traditions and ***,urban residents showed better economic and social conditions(e.g.,infrastructures,medical care,education,and Internet access).The results of this study imply that we can better understand the local needs,advantages,and unique qualities,thereby gaining insight into the effectiveness of government ***-makers and local authorities can consider targeted interventions based on the findings of this study and strive to enhance the well-being of both urban and rural residents.

关键词： Well-being Sustainable development Rural areas Urban areas Principal component analysis(PCA) Russia

The outcomes and safety of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography combining a single-use cholangioscope and a single-use duodenoscope:A multicenter retrospective international study

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 71-76页

作者： Alessandro Fugazza Matteo Colombo Michel Kahaleh V.Raman Muthusamy Bick Benjamin wim Laleman Carmelo Barbera Carlo Fabbri Jose Nieto Abed Al-Lehibi Mohan Ramchandani Amy Tyberg Haroon Shahid Avik Sarkar Dean Ehrlich Stuart Shermand Cecilia Binda Marco Spadaccini Andrea Iannone Kareem Khalaf Nageshwar Reddy Andrea Anderloni Alessandro Repici Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCSVia Manzoni 5620089RozzanoMilanoItaly Gastroenterology Rutgers Robert Wood JohnsonNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases University of CaliforniaLos Angeles School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Division of Digestive and Liver Disorders Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospitals LeuvenKU Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium U.O.C.di Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva Ospedale Giuseppe MazziniASL TeramoItaly Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Forlì-Cesena HospitalsAUSL RomagnaForlì-CesenaItaly Borland Groover Clinic JacksonvilleFloridaUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology King Fahad Medical CityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Asian Institute of Gastroenterology HyderabadIndia Section of Gastroenterology Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBari 70124Italy Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas UniversityVia Rita Levi Montalcini 420090Pieve EmanueleMilanItaly

Background: Duodenoscope-related multidrug-resistant organism(MDRO) infections raise concerns. Disposable duodenoscopes have been recently introduced in the market and approved by regulatory agencies with the aim to reduce the risk of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) associated infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of procedures performed with single-use duodenoscopes in patients with clinical indications to single-operator cholangiopancreatoscopy. Methods: This is a multicenter international, retrospective study combining all patients who underwent complex biliopancreatic interventions using the combination of a single-use duodenoscope and a single-use cholangioscope. The primary outcome was technical success defined as ERCP completion for the intended clinical indication. Secondary outcomes were procedural duration, rate of cross-over to reusable duodenoscope, operator-reported satisfaction score(1 to 10) on performance rating of the single-use duodenoscope, and adverse event(AE) rate. Results: A total of 66 patients(26, 39.4% female) were included in the study. ERCP was categorized according to ASGE ERCP grading system as 47(71.2%) grade 3 and 19(28.8%) grade 4. The technical success rate was 98.5%(65/66). Procedural duration was 64(interquartile range 15-189) min, cross-over rate to reusable duodenoscope was 1/66(1.5%). The satisfaction score of the single-use duodenoscope classified by the operators was 8.6 ± 1.3 points. Four patients(6.1%) experienced AEs not directly related to the single-use duodenoscope, namely 2 post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP), 1 cholangitis and 1 ***: Single-use duodenoscope is effective, reliable and safe even in technically challenging procedures with a non-inferiority to reusable duodenoscope, making these devices a viable alternative to standard reusable equipment.

关键词： Single-operator cholangioscopy Single-use duodenoscope Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Indeterminate biliary stricture Difficult biliary stones

Interconnected and high cycling stability polypyrrole supercapacitors using cellulose nanocrystals and commonly used inorganic salts as dopants

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第1期76卷 165-174,I0005页

作者： Zuxin Sun wim Thielemans Sustainable Materials Lab Department of Chemical EngineeringKU LeuvenCampus Kulak KortrijkEtienne Sabbelaan 538500 KortrijkBelgium

Polypyrrole(PPy)is wildly used as electrode material in supercapacitors due to its high conductivity,low cost,ease of handling,and ease of ***,limited capacitance and poor cycling stability hinder its practical *** developing carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals(CNC-COO^(-))as immobile dopants for PPy to improve its cycling stability,we investigated the effect of different commonly used salts(KCl,NaCl,KBr,and NaClO_(4))as dopants during electrode fabrication by *** film’s capacitance increased from 160.6 to 183.4 F g^(-1)after adding a combination of KCl and NaClO_(4) into the electrodeposition *** importantly,the porous and interconnected PPy/CNC-COO^(-)-Cl-(Cl O_(4)^(-))_0.5 electrode film exhibited an excellent capacitance of 125.0 F g^(-1)(0.78 F cm^(-2))at a high current density of 2.0 Ag^(-1)(20 m A cm^(-2),allowing charging in less than 1 min),increasing almost 204%over PPy/CNC-COO-films.A symmetric PPy/CNC-COO^(-)-Cl-(ClO_(4)^(-))_0.5 supercapacitor retained its full capacitance after 5000 cycles,and displayed a high energy density of 5.2 Wh kg^(-1)at a power density of 25.4 W kg^(-1)(34.5μWh cm^(-2) at 1752.3μW cm^(-2)).These results reveal that the porous structure formed by doping with CNC-COO-and inorganic salts opens up more active reaction areas to store charges in PPy-based films as the stiff and ribbon-like CNC-COO-as permanent dopants improve the strength and stability of PPy-based *** demonstration provides a simple and practical way to deposit PPy based supercapacitors with high capacitance,fast charging,and excellent cycling stability.

关键词： Polypyrrole Cellulose nanocrystals Cycling stability Inorganic salts Supercapacitor

Effects of coupling and phase imperfections in programmable photonic hexagonal waveguide meshes

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Photonics Research 2020年第2期8卷 211-218页

作者： IMAN ZAND wim BOGAERTS Photonics Research Group Department of Information TechnologyGhent University-IMEC9052 GhentBelgium Center of Nano and Biophotonics Ghent University9052 GhentBelgium

We present a study of the effect of imperfections on the transmission and crosstalk in programmable photonic meshes with feedback loops consisting of tunable couplers and phase *** many elements in such a mesh can generate a multitude of parasitic paths when the couplers and phase shifters deviate even slightly from their nominal *** Monte Carlo simulations,we show that small stochastic imperfections in the phase and coupling(<1.0%)can introduce unwanted interferences and resonances and significantly deteriorate the frequency response of the *** also demonstrate that,in the presence of imperfections,the programming strategy of the unused couplers can reduce effects of such parasitics.

关键词： waveguide coupling phase

Optical leaky fin waveguide for long-range optical antennas on high-index contrast photonic circuit platforms

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Photonics Research 2023年第9期11卷 1570-1582页

作者： LUKAS VAN ISEGHEM wim BOGAERTS Photonics Research Group Department of Information TechnologyGhent University-IMECGhentBelgium Center for Nano-and Biophotonics(NB Photonics) Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium

Long-distance light detection and ranging(LiDAR)applications require an aperture size in the order of 30 mm to project 200–300 *** generate such collimated Gaussian beams from the surface of a chip,this work presents a novel waveguide antenna concept,which we call an“optical leaky fin antenna,”consisting of a tapered waveguide with a narrow vertical“fin”on *** proposed structure(operating aroundλ=1.55μm)overcomes fundamental fabrication challenges encountered in weak apodized gratings,the conventional method to create an offchip wide Gaussian beam from a waveguide *** explore the design space of the antenna by scanning the relevant cross section parameters in a mode solver,and their sensitivity is *** also investigate the dispersion of the emission pattern and angle with the *** simulated design space is then used to construct and simulate an optical antenna to emit a collimated target intensity *** show inherent robustness to crucial design parameters and indicate good scalability of the *** and challenges to fabricate this device concept are also *** novel antenna concept illustrates the possibility to integrate long optical antennas required for long-range solid-state LiDAR systems on a high-index contrast platform with a scalable fabrication method.

关键词： waveguide antenna optical

Isotopic evidence for volatile replenishment of the Moon during the Late Accretion

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1247-1254页

作者： Yanhao Lin wim van Westrenen Department of Earth Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

The traditional view of a dry, volatile-poor Moon has been challenged by the identification of water and other volatiles in lunar samples, but the volatile budget delivery time（s）, source（s） and temporal evolution remain poorly constrained. Here we show that hydrogen and chlorine isotopic ratios in lunar apatite changed significantly during the Late Accretion（LA, 4.1–3.8 billion years ago）. During this period,deuterium/hydrogen ratios in the Moon changed from initial carbonaceous-chondrite-like values to values consistent with an influx of ordinary-chondrite-like material and pre-LA elevated δ37Cl values drop towards lower chondrite-like values. Inferred pre-LA lunar interior water contents are significantly lower than pristine values suggesting degassing, followed by an increase during the LA. These trends are consistent with dynamic models of solar-system evolution, suggesting that the Moon's（and Earth's） initial volatiles were replenished ～0.5 Ga after their formation, with their final budgets reflecting a mixture of sources and delivery times.

关键词： hydrogen and chlorine isotopes lunar apatite volatile replenishment Late Accretion

Backcoupling manipulation in silicon ring resonators

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Photonics Research 2018年第6期6卷 620-629页

作者： ANG LI wim BOGAERTS Photonics Research Group Ghent University-IMECDepartment of Information TechnologyGhent University Center for Nano- and Biophotonics Ghent University

In this paper, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate the manipulation of a novel degree of freedom in ring resonators, which is the coupling from the clockwise input to the counterclockwise propagating mode （and vice versa）. We name this mechanism backcoupling, in contrast with the normal forward-coupling of a directional coupler. It is well known that internal reflections will cause previous research demonstrated that the peak asymmetry will be strongly influenced by the backcoupling. Thus, it is worth manipulating the backcoupling in order to gain full control of a split resonance for the benefit of various resonance-splitting-based applications. While it is difficult to directly manipulate the backcoupling of a conventional directional coupler, here we design a circuit explicidy for manipulating the backcoupling. It can be potentially developed for applications such as single sideband filter, resonance splitting elimination, Fano resonance, and ultrahigh-Q and finesse.

关键词： Integrated optics devices Resonators Wavelength filtering devices Traveling-wave devices Electromagnetic optics

Increasing significance of advanced physical/chemical processes in the development and application of sustainable wastewater treatment systems

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第4期2卷 385-396页

作者： wim RULKENS Sub-department of Environmental Technology Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 81296700 EV WageningenThe Netherlands

The awareness of the problem of the scarcity of water of high quality has strongly changed the approach of wastewater ***,there is an increasing need for the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater and to recover valuable products and energy from the *** microbiological treatment methods are,only to a limited part,able to satisfy these needs,the role and significance of physical/chemical processes in wastewater treatment are gaining more and more *** specific future role and aim of the various physical/chemical treatment processes can be categorized in five groups:improvement of the performance of microbiological treatment processes,achievement of the high quality required for reuse of the effluent,recovery of valuable components and energy from the wastewater for beneficial reuse,desalination of brackish water and seawater,and treatment of concentrated liquid or solid waste residues produced in a wastewater treatment *** of more environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment chains in which physical/chemical processes play a crucial role,also requires application of process control and modeling *** is briefly introduced by the elaboration of treatment scenarios for three specific wastewaters.

关键词： physical/chemical processes future role significance sustainable wastewater treatment reuse recovery valuable products

Oxygen as a catalyst in the Earth's interior?

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National Science Review 2021年第4期8卷 7-8页

作者： Yanhao Lin wim van Westrenen Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

The abundance of the element oxygen is not only crucial for life at the surface of the Earth, but also greatly affects the properties and dynamics of the interior of our planet. The combination of a highly oxidized at... 详细信息

关键词： DIFFERENTIATION SOLUBILITY HYDROGEN WATER