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Hyperscale Puts the <i>Sapiens</i>into <i>Homo</i>

International Journal of Intelligence Science 2015年第1期5卷 13-36页

作者： Ron Cottam willy ranson Roger Vounckx The Living Systems Project Department of Electronics and Informatics Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussels Belgium IMEC vzw Leuven Belgium

The human mind’s evolution owes much to its companion phenomena of intelligence, sapience, wisdom, awareness and consciousness. In this paper we take the concepts of intelligence and sa-pience as the starting point of a route towards elucidation of the conscious mind. There is much disagreement and confusion associated with the word intelligence. A lot of this results from its use in diverse contexts, where it is called upon to represent different ideas and to justify different ar-guments. Addition of the word sapience to the mix merely complicates matters, unless we can relate both of these words to different concepts in a way which acceptably crosses contextual boundaries. We have established a connection between information processing and processor “architecture” which provides just such a linguistic separation, and which is applicable in either a computational or conceptual form to any context. This paper reports the argumentation leading up to a distinction between intelligence and sapience, and relates this distinction to human “cognitive” activities. Information is always contextual. Information processing in a system always takes place between “architectural” scales: intelligence is the “tool” which permits an “overview” of the relevance of individual items of information. System unity presumes a degree of coherence across all the scales of a system: sapience is the “tool” which permits an evaluation of the relevance of both individual items and individual scales of information to a common purpose. This hyperscalar coherence is created through mutual inter-scalar observation, whose recursive nature generates the independence of high-level consciousness, making humans human. We conclude that intelligence and sapience are distinct and necessary properties of all information processing systems, and that the degree of their availability controls a system’s or a human’s cognitive capacity, if not its appli-cation. This establishes intelligence and sapience as pri

关键词： Hyperscale Hierarchy Intelligence Sapience Consciousness

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Characterization of ASTER GDEM elevation data over vegetated area compared with lidar data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第3期8卷 198-211页

作者： Wenjian Ni Guoqing Sun Kenneth J.ranson State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital EarthChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Geographical sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Biospheric Sciences Branch NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA

Current researches based on areal or spaceborne stereo images with very high resolutions(<1 m)have demonstrated that it is possible to derive vegetation height from stereo *** second version of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM)is the state-of-the-art global elevation data-set developed by stereo ***,the resolution of ASTER stereo images(15 m)is much coarser than areal stereo images,and the ASTER GDEM is compiled products from stereo images acquired over 10 *** forest disturbances as well as forest growth are inevitable in 10 years time *** this study,the features of ASTER GDEM over vegetated areas under both flat and mountainous conditions were investigated by comparisons with lidar *** factors possibly affecting the extraction of vegetation canopy height considered include(1)co-registration of DEMs;(2)spatial resolution of digital elevation models(DEMs);(3)spatial vegetation structure;and(4)terrain *** results show that the accurate coregistration between ASTER GDEM and national elevation dataset(NED)is necessary over mountainous *** correlation between ASTER GDEM minus NED and vegetation canopy height is improved from 0.328 to 0.43 by degrading resolutions from 1 arc-second to 5 arc-second and further improved to 0.6 if only homogenous vegetated areas were considered.

关键词： vegetation canopy height ASTER GDEM NED photogrammetry stereo-mapping

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Tree wave migration across an elevation gradient in the Altai Mountains,Siberia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第3期14卷 442-452页

作者： Viacheslav I.KHARUK Sergei T.IM Maria L.DVINSKAYA Kenneth J.ranson Il'ya A.PETROV Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS KrasnoyarskRussia Siberian Federal University KrasnoyarskRussia M.F.Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University KrasnoyarskRussia NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMarylandUSA

The phenomenon of tree waves （hedges and ribbons） formation within the alpine ecotone in Altai Mountains and its response to observed air temperature increase was considered. At the upper limit of tree growth Siberian pine （Pinus sibirica） forms hedges on windward slopes and ribbons on the leeward ones. Hedges were formed by prevailing winds and oriented along winds direction. Ribbons were formed by snow blowing and accumulating on the leeward slope and perpendicular to the prevailing winds, as well as to the elevation gradient. Hedges were always linked with microtopography features, whereas ribbons were not. Trees are migrating upward by waves and new ribbons and hedges are forming at or near tree line, whereas at lower elevations ribbons and hedges are being transformed into dosed forests. Time series of high-resolution satellite scenes （from 1968 to 2OLO） indicated an upslope shift in the position ribbons averaged 155＋26 m （or 3-7 m yr^-1） and crown closure increased （about 35%-90%）. The hedges advance was limited by poor regeneration establishment and was negligible. Regeneration within the ribbon zone was approximately 2.5 times （5060 vs 2120 ha^-1） higher then within the hedges zone. During the last four decades, Siberian pine in both hedges and ribbons strongly increased its growth increment, and recent tree growth rate for 50 year-old trees was about twice higher than those recorded for similarly-aged trees at the beginning of the 20^th century. Hedges and ribbons are phenomena that are widespread within the southern and northern Siberian Mountains.

关键词： Ribbon forest Hedges Siberian forests Alpine treeline Tree waves Siberian pine AltaiMountains

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急性胰腺炎手术治疗的新概念

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国际外科学杂志 1990年第4期17卷 193-195页

作者： ranson J 周宏泉

在血清淀粉酶测定尚未被用作一种诊断手段时,急性胰腺炎几乎都是在手术时才获确诊.自该项测定在临床上广泛应用后,急性胰腺炎的手术治疗病例即大为减少.但近30年来,又逐步认识到某些严重的胰腺炎病人仍需手术治疗,否则无法降低其死亡率... 详细信息

在血清淀粉酶测定尚未被用作一种诊断手段时,急性胰腺炎几乎都是在手术时才获确诊.自该项测定在临床上广泛应用后,急性胰腺炎的手术治疗病例即大为减少.但近30年来,又逐步认识到某些严重的胰腺炎病人仍需手术治疗,否则无法降低其死亡率.手术治疗的主要目的有五:①诊断;②早期外科治疗

关键词：急性胰腺炎腹腔冲洗胆石症手术治疗假性囊肿炎性囊肿

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利用激光雷达和多角度频谱成像仪数据估测森林垂直参数(英文)

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遥感学报 2006年第4期10卷 523-530页

作者：孙国清 ranson K J 张钟军马里兰大学地理系马里兰州College Park美国遥感科学国家重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院遥感应用研究所北京100101 北京师范大学北京100875 美国宇航局Goddard空间飞行中心马里兰州Greenbelt美国北京师范大学信息科学与技术学院北京100875

植被的结构参数如植被高度、生物量、水平和垂直分布等,是影响陆地与大气能量交换乃至生物圈多样性的重要因素。多数遥感系统虽然可以提供植被水平结构的图像,但是不能提供植被成分垂直分布的信息。大尺度激光雷达仪器如LVIS产生的激光... 详细信息

植被的结构参数如植被高度、生物量、水平和垂直分布等,是影响陆地与大气能量交换乃至生物圈多样性的重要因素。多数遥感系统虽然可以提供植被水平结构的图像,但是不能提供植被成分垂直分布的信息。大尺度激光雷达仪器如LVIS产生的激光雷达信号,已成功地用于估计树高和森林生物量,然而大多数激光雷达仪器不具备图像能力,只能提供一个区域内的采样数据。其他的遥感数据如多角度高光谱、多频率多时相辐射计或雷达数据,可根据GLAS(Geoscience Laser Altimeter System)采样的测量用来推断出连续的森林结构区域覆盖参数。MISR(Multi-angle Imaging Spectrometer)对陆表多角度的成像能力,可以通过BRDF的各向异性提供植被的结构信息。结合激光雷达的垂直采样和MISR的图像,区域内乃至全球性的森林空间参数的成像是可能的。ICESat卫星上的GLAS数据、Terra卫星上的MISR数据为区域或全球性森林结构参数提供了可能。本文的研究目的是评估GLAS数据,分析类似于MISR的数据对森林结构参数的估计能力。本文中使用了LVIS、AirMISR和GLAS数据。通过对GLAS树高的测量与GLAS像元内来自LVIS的平均树高对比,发现它们是高度相关的。同时还探讨了多角度频谱成像仪数据预测树高信息的能力,这将在今后区域内森林结构参数映射加以研究。

关键词：激光雷达 GLAS 多角度频谱成像仪森林树高

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Cryopreservation for delayed circulating tumor cell isolation is a valid strategy for prognostic association of circulating tumor cells in gastroesophageal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第7期24卷 810-818页

作者： Daniel Brungs David Lynch Alison WS Luk Elahe Minaei Marie ranson Morteza Aghmesheh Kara L Vine Martin Carolan Mouhannad Jaber Paul de Souza Therese M Becker Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute University of WollongongWollongong 2500Australia School of Biological Sciences University of WollongongWollongong 2500Australia Illawarra Cancer Centre Wollongong HospitalWollongong 2500Australia CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre New South Wales 2000Australia Centre for Circulating Tumor Cell Diagnostics and Research Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool HospitalSydney 2170Australia School of Medicine University of Western SydneySydney 2170Australia South Western Medical School University of New South WalesSydney 2170Australia

AIM To demonstrate the feasibility of cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) for prognostic circulating tumor cell(CTC) detection in gastroesophageal *** Using 7.5 m L blood samples collected in EDTA tubes from patients with gastroesopheagal adenocarcinoma, CTCs were isolated by epithelial cell adhesion molecule based immunomagnetic capture using the Iso Flux platform. Paired specimens taken during the same blood draw(n = 15) were used to compare number of CTCs isolated from fresh and cryopreserved PBMCs. Blood samples were processed within 24 h to recover the PBMC fraction, with PBMCs used for fresh analysis immediately processed for CTC isolation. Cryopreservation of PBMCs lasted from 2 wk to 25.2 mo(median 14.6 mo). CTCs isolated from pre-treatment cryopreserved PBMCs(n = 43) were examined for associations with clinicopathological variables and survival *** While there was a significant trend to a decrease in CTC numbers associated with cryopreserved specimens(mean number of CTCs 34.4 vs 51.5, P = 0.04), this was predominately in samples with a total CTC count of > 50, with low CTC count samples less affected(P = 0.06). There was no significant association between the duration of cryopreservation and number of CTCs. In cryopreserved PBMCs from patient samples prior to treatment, a high CTC count(> 17) was associated with poorer overall survival(OS)(n = 43, HR = 4.4, 95%CI: 1.7-11.7, P = 0.0013). In multivariate analysis, after controlling for sex, age, stage, ECOG performance status, and primary tumor location, a high CTC count remained significantly associated with a poorer OS(HR = 3.7, 95%CI: 1.2-12.4, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION PBMC cryopreservation for delayed CTC isolation is a valid strategy to assist with sample collection, transporting and processing.

关键词： Cryopreservation Circulating tumor cells Liquid biopsy Gastroesophageal cancer Gastric cancer

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Biosurfactant Production in Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions by Different Species of the Genus Pseudomonas

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Journal of Life Sciences 2014年第3期8卷 201-210页

作者： Mayri Diaz De Rienzo Isora Urdaneta De ranson Bias Dorta School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science University of Manchester Manchester M139PL UK Department of Cell Biology Venezuela Central University Caracas 1010A Venezuela

In a time where surface active agents are capable of reducing the energy of the bonds between water molecules by interacting with them to reduce surface tension, it would be unwise not to be able to generate these in masses. Different Pseudomonas species were grown in MSP （minimal sulphate phosphate） media containing salts, glycerol and glucose. P. aeruginosa grown aerobically in the presence of glycerol as carbon source showed the highest emulsion percentage （81.48%）, most significant decrease in surface tension （20 mN/m） and rhamnose production of 2.86 mg/mL. However, in anaerobic conditions there was no emulsion, rhamnolipid production or decrease in surface tension. The rhamnolipids were molecularly characterized using ESI-MS （electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry）, P. aeruginosa CVCM 411 is able to produce mono-rhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids, being rhamnolipid RhC10C12.1 the predominant monomer. The specific growth rate for isolates ofP. aeruginosa and *** in MSP are 0.6732 ht and 0.2181 h^-1, respectively. In conclusion, the formation of rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa is linked to its growth （depending on μ）, and its ability to generate about 35% of the μmax in the presence of glucose （carbon source） and glycerol （applied as pulses）.

关键词： Surfactants fermentation rhamnolipids Pseudomonas.

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鲜为人知的丹麦Hellevad鸡持有鸡健壮性基因

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2013年第1期33卷 28-30页

作者：李红 Roger ranson

一些传统的肉鸡品系可能不适合用现代的鸡舍进行饲养,但它们可能对未来育种上的某些进展至关重要。就以Hellevad鸡为例,由于其产地处于丹麦的偏远地区,在被发现它的基因中含有一种似乎与健壮性有关的基因之前,长期以来一直不为外界关注。

关键词：性基因健壮性鸡舍丹麦偏远地区肉鸡产地

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Epitaxy of rare earth element fluorcarbonate minerals from carbonatite dyke at Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第13期43卷 1107-1111页

作者： Xueming Yang Peishan Zhang Kejie Tao Xiaoyong Yang Shuangxi Chen Minglong Zou M. J. Le Bas R. N. Wilson R. ranson L. S. Campbell et al. Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China The Advanced Center for Earth Science and Astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Anhui Institute of Experimental Geology Hefei China Department of Geology University of Leicester Leicester UK The Natural History Museum London UK

Rare earth element fluorocarbonate minerals such as bastnaesite and parisite are firstly discovered in carbonatite dykes from Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China. Bastnaesite rarely occurs as homogeneously single crystal, but contains microfine phase of parisite. They form regular intergrowth along (0001) plane net, which is identified as epitaxy. This eptactic texture results from the variation of chemical composition of crystallizing agents of those minerals that crystallize directly from carbonatite magma.

关键词： bastnaesite parisite epitaxy carbonatite Bayan Obo.

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GALL BLADDER SURGERY

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1936年第3期50卷 259-267页

作者： F. T. ranson M.B. B.CH. (BELF.) F.R.C.S. (ERIN.)

It is impossible in a short paper to deal with all branches of thissubject, so I propose merely to discuss certain important points and toshow several illustrative *** history of the development of this subject is of *** appears that Hippocrates had no knowledge of Gall Stones, butGalen noted that a stone was passed per rectum although he was un-aware of its biliary *** are numerous records of operative experiments on GallBladders of living animals during the 17th Century, but it was notuntil 1743 that the first deliberately planned operation for removalof Gall Stones from a living human subject took place.

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