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Heightened risk of unintended pregnancy among sex workers and sex worker organizations’response during the stringent COVID-19 containment measures in East and Southern Africa

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China Population and Development Studies 2023年第1期7卷 37-47页

作者： Innocent Modisaotsile Maria Stacey willis Odek Daughtie Ogutu Rosemary Kindyomunda UNFPA Regional Office for East and Southern Africa JohannesburgSouth Africa Independent Consultant Cape TownSouth Africa Africa Key Population Experts Group-AKPEG NairobiKenya

The UNFPA 2022 State of the World Population(SWOP)report recognises that certain populations of young women and girls are at a higher risk of unintended pregnancy,but did not adequately address the grave situation of female sex workers(FSWs),who experience the worst sexual and reproductive health outcomes,especially during humanitarian *** study assesses the risks of unintended pregnancy among FSWs and sex worker organizations?response during the stringent COVID-19 containment measures in East and Southern Africa(ESA).A mixed-methods approach consisting of a desk review,key informant interviews and an online survey was used for data *** informants and survey respondents included representatives of sex worker-led organisations and networks,organisations providing services to sex workers,development partners,advocacy organisations and donors,with priority given to key informants who had direct experience of providing services to sex workers during the COVID-19 *** total,21 key informants were interviewed and 69 respondents participated in the online survey,with representation from 14 out of 23 countries in the ESA *** study findings show that the disruption to livelihoods and threats to human rights occasioned by the stringent COVID-19 containment measures intersected with sex workers’access to contraception and risk of unintended ***ing to the uncertain future of humanitarian crises,the study concludes by outlining critical issues that need to be addressed to ensure resilience of SRHR services for populations in vulnerable positions,such as sex workers.

关键词： COVID-19 Female Sex Workers SRHR Unintended pregnances Access

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Effect of Different Solvents on the Extraction of Phytochemicals in Colored Potatoes

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第10期11卷 942-954页

作者： Jelisa Thomas Allexey Barley Shantrell willis Jasmine Thomas Martha Verghese Judith Boateng Food Safety and Toxicology Laboratory Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University Department of Food and Animal Sciences Normal USA Nutrition Biochemistry Laboratory Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University Department of Food and Animal Sciences Normal USA

Colored potatoes are an interesting alternative to the traditional, white-creamed potatoes, due to their high phytochemical content, which have been proved to have antioxidative properties. The extraction of polyphenols is highly dependent on using the appropriate solvent systems. Therefore, polyphenol extraction in colored potatoes [Vermillion Fingerling (VF);Jester Potato (JP);Magic Molly (MM);Blue Belle (BB);All Blue (AB)] using different solvents [Solvent A (24% water, 67% ethanol 9% acetic acid);Solvent B (5% acetic acid);and Solvent C (95% water, 5% acetic acid, 0.5 g sodium bisulfate)] may have significant effects on extraction efficiency and phytochemical content. Total phenolic content (TPC), Total flavonoid content (TFC), Total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activities [Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and Ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP)] were determined. Solvent A extracted significantly (p mg GAE/100g) compared to the other solvents. VF and JP displayed higher TFC (14.53 and 19.46 mg CE/100g, respectively) when Solvent C was utilized. VF and JP extracts with Solvent C displayed the highest FRAP value compared to Solvent B. MM displayed the highest TAC using Solvent A and C. Potato variety resulted in high variability in polyphenols content and antioxidant activity. The utilization of colored potatoes or extracts in the food industry could provide innovative products and a functional alternative to the traditional.

关键词： Colored Potatoes Polyphenols Solvent Extraction Antioxidative Activities Anthocyanins

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参与式新闻的兴起

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中华文化论坛 2009年第S1期 310-316页

作者： Shayne Bowman Chris willis 欧阳俊杰四川理工学院人文学院

本文详细介绍参与式新闻的特点,发生发展的过程,并具体分析了它兴起的原因和社会背景,着重从传播、媒介、受众这三个传播链上的环节来探讨参与性新闻的特性。

关键词：参与式新闻 blog 媒介

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哈代与批评理论

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中华文化论坛 2009年第S1期 326-331页

作者： Shayne Bowman Chris willis 欧阳俊杰四川理工学院人文学院

20世纪后半期,西方文学界批评兴起。哈代等著名作家成为批评理论的试验品,哈代的作品成为该理论的实验田。本文即对此作了一个概要性的描述与总结。

关键词：哈代文学理论批评理论

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参与式新闻的主要实践形式

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中华文化论坛 2009年第S1期 317-325页

作者： Shayne Bowman Chris willis 欧阳俊杰四川理工学院人文学院

本文主要讨论了实现参与式新闻的三种代表方式:开放源代码、blog和wiki,并分析了参与式新闻对传统新闻模式的影响以及它给传统新闻模式带来的机遇。

关键词：参与新闻开放源代码 blog wiki 传统新闻模式

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Chemopreventive Potential of Select Herbal Teas and Spices on Azoxymethane-Induced Aberrant Crypt Foci in Fisher 344 Male Rats

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第3期8卷 348-366页

作者： Shantrell willis Rajitha Sunkara Zaquavis willis Lillian Smith Fredreana Hester Hadyn Matthew Reid Priyanka Patel Meijah McCollum Louis Shackelford Ebube Onwasigwe Lloyd T. Walker Martha Verghese Department of Food and Animal Sciences Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University Huntsville USA

Colon cancer is the third leading cause of death in the US. Selected herbal teas and spices may reduce incidence of chronic diseases, including cancer. The objective of this study was to identify the effect of strawberry leaf, raspberry leaf, hibiscus teas and cinnamon on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in Fisher 344 male rats. After acclimatization period (1 wk), 49 male weanling rats were divided into 16 groups. Control (CON) group fed AIN-93G diet;15 treatment groups were administered control diet + strawberry leaf tea (STW), raspberry leaf tea (RAS), hibiscus tea (HIB), cinnamon (CIN), strawberry leaf tea + cinnamon (STW + CIN), raspberry leaf tea + cinnamon, (RAS + CIN), hibiscus tea + cinnamon (HIB + CIN), and strawberry leaf tea + raspberry leaf tea + hibiscus tea + cinnamon in combination (COM) at 2 levels each (teas added at 1% and 2%;CIN added at 2.5% and 5%). Rats received 24 mg/kg body weight AOM in saline s/c at 7 and 8 weeks of age. Animals received experimental diets until sacrificed by CO2 asphyxiation (17 weeks of age). ACF were enumerated in colons. Hepatic antioxidant enzymes were determined;superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione (GH). Treatment groups had reduction in ACF compared to CON (154). Lowest ACF observed in HIB 2% + CIN 5% (13.16) with 91.45% reduction compared to CON. ACF observed in treatment groups administered teas and cinnamon combinations were lower than those administered teas singly. SOD and CAT activities in rats administered treatment diets were higher than CON (13.63 U/mL, 0.95 umol·min-l·ml-1). Rats administered COM (20.65 U/mL) had highest SOD activity. CAT activity was 51.27% higher in rats administered HIB 2% (1.96 umol·min-l·ml-1). GPX activity ranged from 7.26 (STW 1% + CIN 2.5%) to 9.59 (STW 2%) umol·min-l·ml-1. Results suggest that herbal teas and spices may reduce the risk of colon cancer and improve antioxidant status;regular consumption may pro

关键词： Herbal Tea Antioxidant Colon Cancer Azoxymethane

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A Comparison of the Antioxidative and Anti-Diabetic Potential of Thermally Treated Garlic, Turmeric, and Ginger

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第2期10卷 207-219页

作者： Fredreana Hester Martha Verghese Rajitha Sunkara Shantrell willis Lloyd T. Walker Food and Animal Sciences Department Alabama A & M University Normal AL USA

Spices have been used for centuries for food preservation, flavors, and medicinal properties. Research suggests that garlic, turmeric, and ginger contain potent antioxidants that may prevent and/or delay chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Heat treatment of spices may potentially increase antioxidative activity by modifying the inherent chemical structure of potent antioxidative compounds within spices. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of thermal treatment of garlic, ginger, and turmeric on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), trolox activity (TEAC), lipase, a-amylase, and a-glucosidase inhibition. Conventional stovetop heating of selected spices was performed followed by methanolic and aqueous extractions (1 - 5 minutes;70°C - 130°C). Overall methanolic extracts had higher phytochemical, antioxidative, and anti-diabetic potential. However, aqueous garlic extracts exhibited higher phytochemical and antioxidative potential over methanolic garlic extracts. The highest TPC for aqueous garlic extracts was observed at 1 minute (14.11 mg GAE/g) while methanolic garlic extracts at 1 minute were significantly lower (1.72 mg GAE/g). Methanolic turmeric extracts had highest TPC at 5 minutes (28.55 mg GAE/g). Time and temperature influenced antioxidant activity in the spices. Turmeric and ginger (methanolic extracts) resulted in higher percent inhibition of DPPH radical with an increase in time (5 minute) turmeric (86.9%) and ginger (79.09%) at 7.9 mg/mL concentration. The results of this study revealed both solvent and time for thermal treatment of spices influenced antioxidative potential as determined using DPPH and FRAP assays. Therefore, the use of thermal application on spices presents promise in potentiating the antioxidant content and thereby their potential health promoting properties. Spices are

关键词： Turmeric Garlic Ginger Thermal Treatment Antioxidant

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PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED LAMBS FROM THREE TERMINAL SIRE BREEDS UNDER UPLAND GRASSLAND CONDITIONS IN THE NORTH EAST OF ENGLAND--2. LAMBS GROWTH RATE DURING DIFFERENT PERIODS FROM BIRTH TO SLAUGHTER

PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED LAMBS FROM THREE TERMINAL SIRE BREE...

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面向21世纪的动物科学与动物医学国际研讨会

作者： B.G.Merrell M.Yaqoob M.B.willis MAFF/ADAS Redesdale EHF Rochester Department of Livestock Management University of Agriculture Department of Agriculture The University Newcastle upon Tyne

＜正＞This study investigated the growth of lambs from birth to 30 days（GR1）, 30 to 86 days（GR2）, 86 to 119 days（GR3）, birth to weaning（GR4） and birth to slaughter（GR5）, sired by Charollais, Suffolk and Texel rams out of Mule ewes （Bluefaced Leicester males X Scottish Blackface or Swaledale females） over a three years period in an upland flock in the North East of England. A total of 10 unrelated rams of each breed were used as sires. It included records on 1042 Suffolk, Texel and Charollais sired lambs collected over a three year period （1987-1989）. Only

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Good Practice Guide to Reduce Copper Dissolution in Lead-Free Assembly

Good Practice Guide to Reduce Copper Dissolution in Lead-Fre...

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2016中国高端SMT学术会议

作者： D.Di Maio C.P.Hunt B.willis

During a successful soldering operation to a copper surface,a small amount of copper is dissolved to form a reliable interconnection and is perfectly *** the soldering operation,copper is dissolved by tin to form a tin/copper intermetallic and the amount dissolved is dependent on the soldering process,solder alloy,surfaces to be joined,temperature,time and solder flow *** lead-free alloys requires higher soldering temperatures and potentially longer contact times,and hence the propensity for higher dissolution of copper.A typical intermetallic produced with a tin/lead solder can range between 1-3μ*** the case of lead-free soldering process this thickness can increase above 5μ*** intermetallics are themselves soluble in solder,and hence potentially the overall copper dissolution rate is *** during lead-free soldering does not just impact copper pads on printed boards,it can be a potential issue on thin copper wire,component terminations and hybrid *** of some typical problems previously experienced in industry are provided in this guide.

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实现并验证电子保险/解除保险装置的方法

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探测与控制学报 1989年第4期17卷 24-26页

作者： Ken willis 高世桥

历史1984年1月颁布的美军事标准MIL—STD—1316C——允许直列系统采用:认可的炸药;MIL—I—23659;大于500伏;4·3·3b “…含有效电能最少…直接与机械闭锁”。由陆军/桑迪纳国家实验室研制的光纤制导导弹(FOG—M)

关键词：解除保险光纤制导引信安全系统安全系统失效率机械闭锁实验室研制子部件作战任务安全性设计安全分离距离

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