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A systematic review of the impacts of exposure to micro-and nano-plastics on human tissue accumulation and health

Eco-Environment & Health 2023年第4期2卷 195-207页

作者： Yudong Feng Chen Tu Ruijie Li Di Wu Jie Yang Yankai Xia willie J.G.M.Peijnenburg Yongming Luo CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Center for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China National Institute of Public Health and the Environment Center for Safety of Substances and ProductsBilthoventhe Netherlands Institute of Environmental Sciences(CML) Leiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands

Micro-and nano-plastics(MNPs)pollution has become a pressing global environmental issue,with growing concerns regarding its impact on human ***,evidence on the effects of MNPs on human health remains *** paper reviews the three routes of human exposure to MNPs,which include ingestion,inhalation,and dermal *** further discusses the potential routes of translocation of MNPs in human lungs,intestines,and skin,analyses the potential impact of MNPs on the homeostasis of human organ systems,and provides an outlook on future research priorities for MNPs in human *** is growing evidence that MNPs are present in human tissues or *** studies,including in vivo animal models and in vitro human-derived cell cultures,revealed that MNPs exposure could negatively affect human *** exposure could cause oxidative stress,cytotoxicity,disruption of internal barriers like the intestinal,the air–blood and the placental barrier,tissue damage,as well as immune homeostasis imbalance,endocrine disruption,and reproductive and developmental *** available epidemiological studies suggest that disorders like lung nodules,asthma,and blood thrombus might be caused or exacerbated by MNPs ***,direct evidence for the effects of MNPs on human health is still scarce,and future research in this area is needed to provide quantitative support for assessing the risk of MNPs to human health.

关键词： Microplastics Nanoplastics Environmental exposure Human system homeostasis Health effects Risk assessment

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Current and future treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第28期21卷 8478-8491页

作者： Alexander Schlachterman willie W Craft Jr Eric Hilgenfeldt Avir Mitra Roniel Cabrera Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Florida College of Medicine Department of Hospital Medicine Upper Valley Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Drexel University College of Medicine Roniel Cabrera Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Florida College of Medicine

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) represents a unique challenge for physicians and *** is no definitively curative ***,many treatment and management modalities exist with differing advantages and *** current guidelines and individual patient concerns must be taken into account in order to properly manage *** addition,quality of life issues are particularly complex in patients with HCC and these concerns must also be factored into treatment ***,considering all the options and their various pros and cons can quickly become complex for both clinicians and *** this review,we systematically discuss the current treatment modalities available for HCC,detailing relevant clinical data,risks and rewards and overall outcomes for each *** options discussed include resection,transplantation and *** also discuss the radiation modalities:conformal radiotherapy,yttrium 90 microspheres and proton and heavy ion *** biologic agent Sorafenib is discussed as a promising new approach,and recent clinical trials are *** then detail currently described molecular pathways implicated in the initiation and progression of HCC,and we explore the potential of each pathway as an avenue for drug *** hope this comprehensive and forward-looking review enables both clinicians and patients to understand various options and thereby make more informed decisions regarding this disease.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatoma Hepatocellular cancer Liver cancer Adult Liver cell carcinoma Liver neoplasm Hepatic neoplasm

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Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate model

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Science Bulletin 2015年第1期60卷 122-135页

作者： Christopher Monckton willie W.-H.Soon David R.Legates William M.Briggs Science and Public Policy Institute Haymarket VA 20169 USA Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics CambridgeMA 02138 USA Department of Geography University of Delaware NewarkDE 19716 USA New York NY 10021 USA

An irreducibly simple climate-sensitivity model is designed to empower even non-specialists to research the question how much global warming we may cause. In 1990, the First Assessment Report of the Inter- governmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） expressed ＂substantial confidence＂ that near-term global warming would occur twice as fast as subsequent observation. Given rising CO2 concentration, few models predicted no wann- ing since 2001. Between the pre-final and published drafts of the Fifth Assessment Report, IPCC cut its near-term warming projection substantially, substituting ＂expert assessment＂ for models＇ near-term predictions. Yet its long-range predictions remain unaltered. The model indi- cates that IPCC＇s reduction of the feedback sum from 1.9 to 1.5 W m^-2 K^-1 mandates a reduction from 3.2 to 2.2 K in its central climate-sensitivity estimate; that, since feed- backs are likely to be net-negative, a better estimate is 1.0 K; that there is no unrealized global warming in the pipeline; that global warming this century will be 〈1 K;and that combustion of all recoverable fossil fuels will cause 〈2.2 K global warming to equilibrium. Resolving the discrepancies between the methodology adopted by IPCC in its Fourth and Fifth Assessment Reports that are highlighted in the present paper is vital. Once those dis- crepancies are taken into account, the impact of anthro- pogenic global warming over the next century, and even as far as equilibrium many millennia hence, may be no more than one-third to one-half of IPCC＇s current projections.

关键词： Climate change - Climate sensitivityClimate models - Global warming Temperaturefeedbacks Dynamical systems

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紧凑的四输出降压型稳压器解决方案加速采用数字内窥镜

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电子产品世界 2014年第9期21卷 45-46页

作者： willie Chan 凌力尔特公司电源微型模块产品部

目前的内窥镜发展趋势推进了数字成像方法的采用。不过,这需要多种数字处理器处理和分配图像数据。另外还出现了新的设计挑战,即如何将所有电子组件及有关电源稳压器放进与以前安装的内窥镜摄像机控制单元(CCU)大小相同的空间中,以最大... 详细信息

目前的内窥镜发展趋势推进了数字成像方法的采用。不过,这需要多种数字处理器处理和分配图像数据。另外还出现了新的设计挑战,即如何将所有电子组件及有关电源稳压器放进与以前安装的内窥镜摄像机控制单元(CCU)大小相同的空间中,以最大限度地减小安装和采用成本。

关键词：数字内窥镜数字处理降压型稳压器

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Neuroprotective Effects of Caffeine on a Maternally Separated Parkinsonian Rat Model

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第2期4卷 84-91页

作者： Thabisile Mpofana willie M. U. Daniels Musa V. Mabandla Discipline of Human Physiology School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban South Africa

Early-life stress has been shown to disrupt the programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis which may have severe consequences in the development of neurological disorders later on in life. Prolonged early-life stressful events produce an exaggerated stress hormone response in the adult offspring. Chronic stress and elevated corticosterone levels have been found to exaggerate functional deficits and accelerate loss of dopamine producing neurons in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of caffeine on 6-OHDA lesioned rats that were exposed to maternal separation stress. We examined behaviour of animals before and after the infusion of 6-OHDA using the step and cylinder tests. We also measured dopamine concentration in the striatum, mitochondrial membrane potential in the striatum and the total antioxidant capacity in blood plasma. Maternally separated rats displayed an impaired ability to initiate movement in the step test and a decreased percentage impaired limb use in the cylinder test. In the rats that received caffeine these motor deficits were ameliorated. Maternal separation exaggerated the lesion caused by 6-OHDA injection. However, the neuroprotective effects of caffeine were evident in both the stressed and non-stressed rats as shown by the higher dopamine concentration and total antioxidant capacity on caffeine treated rats. Maternally separated rats had higher mitochondrial membrane permeability when compared to the caffeine treated rats. We therefore conclude that caffeine ameliorated the neurodegeneration associated with 6-OHDA injection in maternally separated animals.

关键词： Maternal Separation 6-Hydroxydopamine Parkinson’s Disease Behavioural Tests Caffeine

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Influence of spark plasma sintering on microstructure and wear behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V reinforced with nanosized TiN

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2018年第1期28卷 47-54页

作者： Oluwasegun Eso FALODUN Babatunde Abiodun OBADELE Samuel Ranti OKE Oladeji IGE Peter Apata OLUBAMBI Moipone Linda LETHABANE Shepherd willie BHERO Centre for Nanoengineering and Tribocorrosion School of Mining Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering University of Johannesburg Department of Chemical Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Department of Engineering Metallurgy University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus

Ti-6Al-4V/TiN composites were successfully consolidated by spark plasma sintering(SPS).TiN addition to Ti-6Al-4V was varied from1%to5%(volume fraction).The effect of TiN addition on the densification,microstructure,microhardness and wear behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V was *** results showed reduction in sintered density of the compacts from99%to97%with increase in TiN ***,an increase in microhardness value was recorded from HV0.1389to HV0.1488.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis showed that the intensity of diffraction peaks of TiN phase in the composites increased also with formation of small amount of secondary Ti2N *** analysis of SPS sintered nanocomposites possessed a refinement ofα/βphase microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V with the presence of uniformly dispersed TiN *** worn surface of the composite showed improved abrasive wear resistance with non-continuous grooves as compared to the sintered Ti-6Al-4V without TiN addition.

关键词： spark plasma sintering Ti-6Al-4V TiN microstructure wear

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利用微波辅助萃取、电感耦合等离子体质谱和离子色谱联用方法测定生物和环境样品中的重金属以评价其对人体健康的潜在危害

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环境与职业医学 2003年第6期20卷 418-421页

作者： Brian Buckley willie Johnson Eric Fischer 涂强 Mark Heintz 美国新泽西州罗格斯州立大学环境与职业健康科学研究所

[目的]测定生物和环境样品中的重金属及其化学形态,从而更准确地评价其对人体健康的潜在危害,并且监测重金属从环境基质到人体的迁移途径.[方法]利用微波辅助萃取进行样品预处理,离子色谱分离重金属不同化学形态,电感耦合等离子体质谱... 详细信息

[目的]测定生物和环境样品中的重金属及其化学形态,从而更准确地评价其对人体健康的潜在危害,并且监测重金属从环境基质到人体的迁移途径.[方法]利用微波辅助萃取进行样品预处理,离子色谱分离重金属不同化学形态,电感耦合等离子体质谱进行检测.[结果]微波辅助萃取能够将重金属的不同无机和有机形态从样品基质中有效分离,分离过程中金属形态不发生变化.将离子色谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱在线联用,辅以稳定性同位素标记,可以准确测定生物和环境样品中的金属(铅、铬和汞)形态.[结论]提高生物和环境样品中重金属检测的灵敏度,并且测定金属的化学形态,可以对评价重金属对人体健康的潜在危害提供重要信息.

关键词：微波辅助萃取电感耦合等离子体质谱离子色谱生物样品环境样品重金属危险评价

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无人驾驶农机自主作业

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科技纵览 2022年第8期 14-15页

作者： willie DJONES 不详

虽然节约人力的机械化用具让农场工人免于承担了部分辛勤的工作,但长久以来,机械化的发展也仅限于此.农民仍然要面朝黄土地日出而作日落而息,忍受阳光的暴晒、飞扬的尘土、杀虫剂的危害和重复劳作带来的身体损伤,即便如此,收成也得不到... 详细信息

虽然节约人力的机械化用具让农场工人免于承担了部分辛勤的工作,但长久以来,机械化的发展也仅限于此.农民仍然要面朝黄土地日出而作日落而息,忍受阳光的暴晒、飞扬的尘土、杀虫剂的危害和重复劳作带来的身体损伤,即便如此,收成也得不到保障.不过,如今的农业中,农场工人可能会从农作物种植过程中彻底消失.图中的机器是荷兰创业公司AgXeed的AgBot,它能够自动在一块农田上犁地、播种、施肥和除草.借助一套传感器,它能够在农田上适当地调整方向,并可立即检测到需要避开的障碍物(例如树桩).

关键词：农作物种植身体损伤无人驾驶日出而作创业自主作业机械化黄土地

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环境管理基于利比里亚环境法规有效性的影响，以中国为例

环境管理基于利比里亚环境法规有效性的影响，以中国为例

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作者：未来（willie A S Zohn Jr）长安大学

学位级别：硕士

生产力已成为所有经济体的国家优先事项。无论你是政策制定者、商人还是工人,可持续的繁荣取决于我们提高生产力的能力。与此同时,环境监管和可持续发展已成为国家和企业的关键。这项实证和定性研究的目的是解释基于有效性的环境管理的... 详细信息

生产力已成为所有经济体的国家优先事项。无论你是政策制定者、商人还是工人,可持续的繁荣取决于我们提高生产力的能力。与此同时,环境监管和可持续发展已成为国家和企业的关键。这项实证和定性研究的目的是解释基于有效性的环境管理的影响如何影响企业,因为它与利比里亚的环境监管有关。环境问题是人们最为关注的问题,由于我们所处的这种现象,应该得到有效的监控。然而,一些关于环境管理对企业经济绩效影响的研究已经展开。此外,一些学者认为,环境管理对劳动生产率有负面影响,但没有持久的结论。就中国有效的环境法规而言,影响由质量管理控制。在过去的几年里,环境管理得分显示,企业已经通过了iso14001,并被设定为独立变量和调节变量的代理。以17家中国企业为样本,通过多元回归分析验证了这一假设,结果表明,环境管理对劳动生产率有负向影响,质量管理控制了这一关系。因此,我的论点是,为了衡量有效性,采用了一种新的方法,即目标管理和智能模型。这些度量或量度反映了目标在帮助组织实现其战略目标方面的进展情况。目标管理是管理层和员工对后续工作进行监控的方法表演。这些指标可以应用于企业,因为它与利比里亚的环境监管有关。环境是利比里亚政府和人民的主要关切。有专门负责监测和管理环境的机构,即环境保护署(EPA)和利比里亚国家环境委员会(NECOLIB)。本文的研究贡献在于,环境管理、质量管理与目标管理、智能管理相结合,有助于企业提高绩效。

关键词：环境管理管理有效性目标管理组织绩效环境管制因素

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成本优化的太阳能供电公共服务基础设施

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今日电子 2011年第12期 35-38页

作者： willie Chan 凌力尔特公司

转向更加环保的解决方案是当前的一种趋势，与这种趋势一致的是自助维持运行的太阳能供电基础设施开始在全世界采用。为了改进客户服务、便利性和安全性，具有夜间照明和无线通信能力的公共服务站数量日益增多。

关键词：太阳能供电基础设施公共服务成本优化客户服务通信能力夜间照明安全性

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