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Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Staging and Treatment in a Referral Centre

j.urnal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第2期4卷 384-393页

作者： Raphael Raphe willian j. duca Paulo C. Arroyo j.. Rita C. da Silva Renato F. da Silva Postgrauduate Course Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto FAMERP Sao Jose do Rio Preto Brazil Unit of Surgery and Liver Transplant Department of Surgery Hospital de Base FUNFARME/FAMERP Sao Jose do Rio Preto Brazil Unit of Surgery and Liver Transplant Department of Medicine Hospital de Base FUNFARME/FAMERP Sao Jose do Rio Preto Brazil

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary neoplasm of the liver and a significant cause of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to analyze epidemiological aspects related to risk factors, diagnosis, staging and first-line treatment in a closed population. Methods: The medical records of patients seen between November 1998 and May 2011 were revisited. Results: Of the 272 patients included in this study, 229 (84.2%) were male and the average age was 57.1 years (standard deviation 10.9 years). The most common etiology was hepatitis C virus infection in 145 (55.1%) patients, with this being the single cause in 88 (33.4%) patients. The largest masses ranged from 6 mm to 260 mm in diameter with a mean of 61.4 mm (standard deviation 41.5 mm). Only one mass was found in 145 (64.2%) cases, two masses in 26 (11.5%), three masses in 9 (4%) and 46 patients (20.3%) had multifocal disease. Early stage disease was diagnosed in 47 patients (22.0%), advanced stage in 65 (30.4%) and terminal stage in 32 (14.9%). Hepatocellular carcinoma was found by chance in 11%. Diagnosis was by means of imaging in 175 (68.1%) cases. The level of alpha-fetoprotein was measured in 209 patients, with 29.2% having levels lower than 20 ng/mL and 34.9% having levels above 400 ng/mL. Specific treatment was administered in 236 patients (86.8%) with hepatic chemoembolization in 127 (46.7%) and liver transplantation in 72 (26.5%);of these 33 (45.8%) received hepatic chemoembolization as a bridge to transplantation. Thirty-four patients (12.5%) received only supportive therapy. Conclusions: Patients are chiefly male and disease involvement generally occurs in the 5th decade of life. Cirrhosis was present in most patients and hepatitis C virus infection was the commonest etiologic agent. Only one imaging examination was required for diagnosis in most patients. The measurement of alpha-fetoprotein levels did not prove to be a good too

关键词： Hepatocellular Carcinoma Epidemiology Risk Factors Liver Cancer Hepatitis Alcohol

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Characterization of porous cobalt hexacyanoferrate and activated carbon electrodes under dynamic polarization conditions in a sodium-ion pseudocapacitor

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j.urnal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第3期30卷 53-62页

作者： Bruno Morandi Pires willian Goncalves Nunes Bruno Guilherme Freitas Francisca Elenice Rodrigues Oliveira Vera Katic Cristiane Barbieri Rodella Leonardo Morais Da Silva Hudson Zanin Advanced Energy Storage Division Manufacturing CroupCarbon Sci-Tech LabsCenter for Innovation on New EnergiesUniversity of CampinasCampinas 13083-852SPBrazil Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory(LNLS/Brazilian Center of Energy and Materiab(CNPEM)) Campinas 13083-970SPBrazil Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied ElectrochemistryFederal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri's VatleyAlto dajacuba 39100-000Diamantina-MGBrazil

We report here the activated carbon and cobalt hexacyanoferrate composite,which is applied as the electrode materials in symmetric supercapacitors containing a 1.0 M Na_(2)SO_(4) aqueous *** novel material combines high specific surface area and electrochemical stability of activated carbon with the redox properties of cobalt hexacyanoferrate,resulting in maximum specific capacitance of 329 F g^(-1) with large voltage working window of 2.0 *** studies indicated that cobalt hexacyanoferrate introduces important pseudocapacitive properties accounting for the overall charge-storage process,especially when I<0.5 A g^(-1).At lower gravimetric currents(e.g.,0.05 A g^(-1))and up to 1.0 V,the presence of cobalt hexacyanoferrate improves the specific energy for more than 300%.In addition,to better understanding the energy storage process we also provided a careful investigation of the electrode materials under dynamic polarization conditions using the in situ Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron light Xray diffraction *** complementary findings were obtained in these *** believe that this novel electrode material is promising for applications regarding the energy-storage process in pseudocapacitors with long lifespan properties.

关键词： Operando studies Raman XRD synchrotron light Cobalt hexacyanoferrate Activated carbon High specific capacitance

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Engineering Improved Photosynthesis in the Era of Synthetic Biology

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Plant Communications 2020年第2期1卷 1-17页

作者： willian Batista-Silva Paula da Fonseca-Pereira Auxiliadora Oliveira Martins Agustin Zsogon Adriano Nunes-Nesi Wagner L.Arauj. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Universidade Federal de Vic¸osaVic¸osaMinas Gerais 36570-900Brazil

Much attention has been given to the enhancement of photosynthesis as a strategy for the optimization of crop *** traditional plant breeding is most likely reaching a plateau,there is a timely need to accelerate improvements in photosynthetic efficiency by means of novel tools and biotechnological *** emerging field of synthetic biology offers the potential for building completely novel pathways in predictable directions and,thus,addresses the global requirements for higher yields expected to occur in the 21st ***,we discuss recent advances and current challenges of engineering improved photosynthesis in the era of synthetic biology toward optimized utilization of solar energy and carbon sources to optimize the production of food,fiber,and fuel.

关键词： photosynthesis synthetic biology genetic engineering yield improvement targeted manipulation

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冻伤病人治疗总结

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解放军预防医学杂志 1984年第1期 69-70页

作者： willian j. Millr j. 戴庆棠

作者根据阿拉斯加及南美、欧洲800多例冻伤患者诊断、治疗的经验,认为:冻伤确实是组织冻结,它既可以是单纯性的组织深浅不同程度的冻结,又可以合并于其它各种损伤,在低氧(高原环境)、组织受压、骨折、脱位及冻僵等情况下,更容易发生,且... 详细信息

作者根据阿拉斯加及南美、欧洲800多例冻伤患者诊断、治疗的经验,认为:冻伤确实是组织冻结,它既可以是单纯性的组织深浅不同程度的冻结,又可以合并于其它各种损伤,在低氧(高原环境)、组织受压、骨折、脱位及冻僵等情况下,更容易发生,且预后不良。冻伤按病理生理的改变可分为两个阶段:一、冻结阶段;二、融化和融化后阶段。在冻结阶段有以下10种改变:1.冰晶形成造成组织细胞结构的破坏;2.蛋白质变性;3.细胞内外pH的改变;4.细胞内脱水;5.蛋白质结合水丢失;6.细胞膜破裂;7.细胞膜通透性异常改变;8.生命必需酶类遭破坏;9.毛细血管超微结构破坏;10.肌细胞内线粒体广泛损伤。融化和融化后阶段也有10种改变;1.血液循环的

关键词：冻伤病人创伤组织间隙筋膜肌肉骨骼系统

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Raman probing carbon&aqueous electrolytes interfaces and molecular dynamics simulations towards understanding electrochemical properties under polarization conditions in supercapacitors

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j.urnal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第9期30卷 279-292页

作者： Rafael Vicentini Leonardo M.Da Silva Débora V.Franco willian G.Nunes j.liane Fiates Gustavo Doubek Luís F.M.Franco Renato G.Freitas Cristiano Fantini Hudson Zanin Advanced Energy Storage Division Carbon Sci-Tech LabsUniversity of CampinasAv Albert Einstein 400CampinasSP 13083-852Brazil Department of Chemistry Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri’s ValleyRodovia MGT 367km 5835000Alto da Jacuba39.100-000 DiamantinaMGBrazil Advanced Energy Storage Division Center for Innovation on New EnergiesLaboratory of Advanced BatteriesSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Campinas(UNICAMP)CampinasSP 13083-852Brazil Department of Chemistry Federal University of Mato GrossoICET-UFMT78060-900 CuiabáMTBrazil Departamento de Física ICExUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMG 31270-901Brazil

Raman probing of carbon electrode and electrolyte under dynamic conditions is performed here using different aqueous electrolytes to elucidate the fundamental events occurring in electrochemical supercapacitor during charge–discharge *** areal capacitance ranges from 1.54 to 2.31μF cm^(-2)μm and it is determined using different *** findings indicate that the Helmholtz capacitance governs the overall charge-storage process instead of the space charge(quantum)capacitance commonly verified for HOPG electrodes in the range of~3 to 7μF cm^(-2).Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to elucidate the origin of the reversible Raman spectral changes during the charge–discharge processes.A correlation is verified between the reversible Raman shift and the surface excesses of the different ionic species.A theoretical framework is presented to relate the effect of the applied potential on the Raman shift and its correlation with the surface ionic *** is proposed that the Raman shift is governed by the interaction of solvated cations with graphite promoted by polarization *** is the first time that a comparative study on different aqueous electrolyte p H and cation ion size has been performed tracking the Raman spectra change under dynamic polarization conditions and contrasting with comprehensive electrochemistry and dynamic molecular simulations *** study shines lights onto the charge-storage mechanism with evidence of Kohn anomaly reduction in the carbon electrode during the reversible adsorption/desorption and insertion/extraction of ionic species.

关键词： Defect reorganization in graphite Surface excess of charge Operando Raman studies Electrical double-layer capacitors

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荧光显像技术在消化外科中的应用进展

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中华消化外科杂志 2021年第2期20卷 149-154页

作者： Lucas willian Thornblade Kurt Allan Melstrom Ali Zhumkhawala Yuman Fong 希望之城国家医疗中心外科美国洛杉矶91010

近红外荧光显像技术可运用特殊分子的荧光特性增强显示人体重要解剖结构和组织血流灌注。笔者总结荧光显像技术原理、常用荧光分子特性和荧光显像设备特点,探讨荧光显像技术在胃食管外科、肝胆外科、结直肠外科及腹膜恶性肿瘤等外科实... 详细信息

近红外荧光显像技术可运用特殊分子的荧光特性增强显示人体重要解剖结构和组织血流灌注。笔者总结荧光显像技术原理、常用荧光分子特性和荧光显像设备特点,探讨荧光显像技术在胃食管外科、肝胆外科、结直肠外科及腹膜恶性肿瘤等外科实践中的应用价值。笔者认为:通过特异性抗体偶联荧光分子探针检出肿瘤转移灶是荧光显像技术应用于消化外科的未来发展方向。

关键词：外科手术荧光荧光显像吲哚菁绿消化外科

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赫尔德：民俗学与浪漫民族主义

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民族文学研究 2008年第3期26卷 171-176页

作者： willian A.威尔森冯文开中国社会科学院研究生院

民俗学在18世纪末开始在欧洲出现,是民族主义和浪漫主义运动结合的产物。民族主义和浪漫主义改变了欧洲的艺术、政治、社会生活和思想,而把两者结合起来的是赫尔德。威尔森概述了赫尔德的思想发展历程,阐述了民俗学在浪漫主义的民族主... 详细信息

民俗学在18世纪末开始在欧洲出现,是民族主义和浪漫主义运动结合的产物。民族主义和浪漫主义改变了欧洲的艺术、政治、社会生活和思想,而把两者结合起来的是赫尔德。威尔森概述了赫尔德的思想发展历程,阐述了民俗学在浪漫主义的民族主义运动中的重要性。

关键词：赫尔德浪漫民族主义民俗学民族

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笑傲股市中小散户操作技巧第一版

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1997年

作者：（美）威廉·奥尼尔（willian j.O'Neil）江俊雄译

本书是帮助所有人储蓄与投资，进而致富，特别要帮助那些从未买过股票、关心通货膨胀、购买力薄弱的一般老百姓等。

ISBN: (纸本)7800123081

本书是帮助所有人储蓄与投资，进而致富，特别要帮助那些从未买过股票、关心通货膨胀、购买力薄弱的一般老百姓等。

关键词：资本市场学科:基本知识股票

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Hospital Admissions and Mortality in Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease in Brazil: An Analysis from 2008 to 2018

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第3期10卷 176-180页

作者： Mariana Silva Nunes Gustavo Tedde-Filho j.ão Carlos Geber-j.nior willian Darwin j.nior Viviane Uliane Peterle Ana Paula Monteiro Gomides Academic of Centro Universitário de Brasília Brasília Brazil Medical Clinic Department of Universidade de Sã o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Universidade de Sã o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Centro Universitário de Brasília Brasília Brazil

Introduction: The Rheumatic Fever (RF) is a systemic inflammatory disease, caused by Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, predominating in children and adolescents. The clinical manifestations are varied and included in j.nes Criteria for diagnosis. The cardiac manifestations are the most relevant, causing severe sequelae such as valvulitis. The RF is still a maj.r public health problem in developing countries despite its primary prophylaxis being simple and effective if well applied. The overall obj.ctive of this study was to evaluate the number of hospital admissions and deaths in Brazil from 2008 to 2018. Methodology: Cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative, documentary study with database provided by the Health Informatics Department of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (DATASUS). Results: In the studied period, a higher prevalence was observed among females (48,232 hospitalizations) and in the adult age group (59,270 hospitalizations and 3972 deaths). The total number of hospitalizations was 83,209 and the total number of deaths was 6572. The total mortality rate was 7.84. The region with the highest number of hospitalizations was the Southeast (22,863 hospitalizations). The total amount spent in hospitalizations was R$879,676,458.63, with an average value per hospitalization of R$ 10,496.21. The average length of stay was 12.7 days. Conclusion: Rheumatic heart disease is an important cause of hospitalizations in Brazil. Measures of early diagnosis and adequate treatment should be strongly stimulated.

关键词： Rheumatic Heart Disease Hospitalizations Number of Deaths

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碱性过氧化物机械浆——九十年代的纸浆

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国外造纸 1991年第4期10卷 19-24页

作者： Martin j.Sferrazza willian L.Bohn 段永成

一、前言自10年前第一个工业化的CTMP工厂开始运行以来,CTMP的生产和使用有了戏剧性的发展。据推测1990年末漂白化学热磨机械浆(BCTMP)的年生产能力达125万吨。随着产量的增长,其品种也在不断地拓宽。当木片在磨浆前采用亚硫酸钠预处理... 详细信息

一、前言自10年前第一个工业化的CTMP工厂开始运行以来,CTMP的生产和使用有了戏剧性的发展。据推测1990年末漂白化学热磨机械浆(BCTMP)的年生产能力达125万吨。随着产量的增长,其品种也在不断地拓宽。当木片在磨浆前采用亚硫酸钠预处理,而生产出白度和强度均较好的纸浆时,

关键词：碱性过氧化物机械浆纸浆 APMP工艺漂白制浆

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