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Bright spots for inland fish and fisheries to guide future hydropower development

water Biology and Security 2022年第1期1卷 81-99页

作者： william M.Twardek Ian G.Cowx Nicolas w.R.Lapointe Craig Paukert T.Douglas Beard Elena M.Bennett David Browne Andrew K.Carlson Keith D.Clarke Zeb Hogan Kai Lorenzen Abigail J.Lynch Peter B.McIntyre Paulo Pompeu Mark Rogers Alexis Sakas william w.taylor taylor D.ward Zeenatul Basher Steven J.Cooke Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental StudiesCarleton University1125 Colonel By DrOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Fisheries Institute at the University of Hull Cottingham RdHullHU67RXUnited Kingdom Canadian wildlife Federation 350 Michael Cowpland DrKanataONK2M 2W1Canada U.S.Geological Survey Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211United States U.S.Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center12201 Sunrise Valley DriveMS-516RestonVA20192United States McGill School of Environment McGill University845 Sherbrooke St WMontrealQuebec H3A 0G4Canada Princeton Environmental Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityM30 Guyot HallPrincetonNJ08544United States Ecological Sciences Section Science Branch Fisheries and Oceans CanadaCanadaPO Box/CP 5667St.John'sNewfoundland and LabradorA1C 5X1Canada University of Nevada Reno.4505 S Maryland PkwyLas VegasNV89154United States Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences School of Forest Resources and ConservationUniversity of Florida7922 NW 71st StreetGainesvilleFL32653United States Department of Natural Resources Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853United States Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de LavrasAquenta SolLavrasState of Minas Gerais37200-900Brazil U.S.Geological Survey Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research UnitTennessee tech UniversityCookevilleTN38505United States The Nature Conservancy 6375 Riverside DriveSuite 100DublinOH43017United States Michigan State University Department of Fisheries and WildlifeEast LansingMI48823United States

Hydropower production is one of the greatest threats to fluvial ecosystems and freshwater *** that we have entered the Anthropocene,there is an opportunity to reflect on what might constitute a‘sustainable’Anthropocene in the context of hydropower and riverine fish *** elements of existing practices that promote favorable social-ecological outcomes(i.e.,‘bright spots’)is timely given that there are plans to expand hydropower capacity in previously undammed rivers,intensify dam development in some of the world's largest river systems,and re-license existing *** approach this from a pragmatic perspective:for the foreseeable future,hydropower will likely remain an important source of renewable *** offer support for moving toward a more‘sustainable’Anthropocene,we provide syntheses of best practices during the siting,design,construction,operation,and compensation phases of hydropower development to minimize impacts on inland *** each phase,we offer positive examples(or what might be considered‘bright spots’)pertaining to some of the approaches described within our syntheses,acknowledging that these projects may not be viewed as without ecological and(or)societal detriment by all *** findings underscore the importance of protecting critical habitat and free-flowing river reaches through careful site selection and basinscale planning,infrastructure designs that minimize reservoir effects and facilitate safe passage of fish,construction of hydropower plants using best practices that minimize long-term damage,operating guidelines that mimic natural flow conditions,and compensation that is lasting,effective,inclusive,and locally *** from these‘bright spots’may require engagement of diverse stakeholders,professionals,and governments at scales that extend well beyond a given site,river,or even ***,environmental planning that integrates hydropower development into broader discussions

关键词： Migration Dams Salmon Hydroelectric Flow Socioecological Fish passage Barriers Ecosystems

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Combatting anthrax outbreaks across Nigeria's national land borders: need to optimize surveillance with epidemiological surveys

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 100-100页

作者： Hammed O.Mogaji Babatunde Adewale Stella I.Smith Ehimario U.Igumbor Chidumebi J.Idemili Andrew w.taylor-Robinson Yale School of Public Health Yale University New Haven USA Parasitology and Epidemiology Unit Federal University Oye-Ekiti Oye-Ekiti Nigeria Department of Public Health and Epidemiology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Infectious Disease Research Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Public Health Walter Sisulu University Mthatha South Africa Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto Canada College of Health Sciences Vin University Hanoi Vietnam Center for Global Health Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA

Background Anthrax is a non-contagious zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-positive,spore-forming bac-terium Bacillus *** is common in livestock and wild animals such as cattle,goats,sheep,camels,and *** humans,anthrax may occur after contact with contaminated carcasses or animal products like milk and *** best method to prevent anthrax in people is to ensure livestock are vaccinated,which significantly limits the risk of zoonotic spread to ***,the rate of vaccination of domesticated animals kept by nomadic pastoralists in west Africa is *** groups regularly cross over national boundaries with their grazing *** is a country that historically has done comparatively well to contain this public health ***,in 2023 several outbreaks of human disease appear linked to the consumption of anthrax-contaminated animal products brought into Nigeria by pastoralists from neighboring *** manifestations include skin sores or ulcers,nausea,vomiting,and *** article aims to raise awareness of recent outbreaks of anthrax in west Africa and to callfor a renewed focus on measures to combat this neglected public health concern to the *** body The imperative to pinpoint pivotal issues relating to the ongoing emergence of anthrax cases in Nigeria cannot be *** delving into the prevalence of anthrax in both livestock and human populations residing along Nigeria's borders,unraveling the genetic diversity and potential sources of *** strains,and identify-ing the primary animal host(s)responsible for transmission,we stand to enhance our understanding of this critical ***,investigating the multifaceted factors contributing to anthrax transmission,assessing community knowledge and practices,mapping common migratory routes of pastoralists,and formulating targeted interven-tion strategies tailored to the challenges of border communities,are each crucial steps towards eff

关键词： border Combat doubt

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Sb^(3+)and Sm^(3+)co-doped lead-free Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)double perovskite nanocrystals for single-component cold white emitter

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1646-1651,I0001页

作者： Biao Zhou Xiangtong Zhang Ranran Hu Ruixue Hou william w.Yu Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education National&Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting TechnologySchool of Materials and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and ApplicationsHenan UniversityKaifeng475000China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan250100China

Metal halide perovskites exhibit promising prospect in light-emitting diodes,solar cells,photodetectors and ***,the workhorse of metal halide perovskites relies on toxicity lead element,which severely damages human body and *** lead-free perovskites,Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)double perovskite is one of the most promising candidates because of its great stability and easy synthesis,but suffers inadequate optical ***,we doped Sb^(3+)and Sm^(3+)into Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)nanocrystals by a hot injection ***_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sb^(3+)exhibits blue emission at 447 ***_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)nanocrystals simultaneously generate the blue emission of Sb^(3+)and the multiple emissions of Sm^(3+)at 565,602,650 and 710 *** the increase of Sm^(3+)feed ratio,the emission color of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)gradually moves to cold white region at(0.27,0.28)in CIE chromaticity diagram and correlated color temperature of 11840 *** work shows the potential application of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)nanocrystals as a single-component cold white emitter.

关键词： Lead-free Double perovskites Single component white emitter Doping Rare earths

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Dynamic transcriptional programs define distinct mammalian cortical lineages

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 387-389页

作者： Tanzila Mukhtar Verdon taylor Department of Biomedicine University of BaselBaselSwitzerland Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA

The cerebral cortex is composed of billions of neurons and glia that are generated sequentially during *** cells are generated in an organized fashion during *** early stages of brain development,neural stem cells(NSC... 详细信息

关键词： cortex cerebral development

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Deletion of Axin1 in aggrecan-expressing cells leads to growth plate cartilage defects in adult mice

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 149-151页

作者： Dan Yi Hongting Jin william w.Lu Chunxiang Zhang Guozhi Xiao Liping Tonag Di Chen Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China PFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China The First College of Clinical Medicine Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310053China Department of Cardiology Basic Medicine Innovation Centerfor Cardiometabolic Diseases of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Cardiovascular ResearchThe Affiliated HospitalSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000China School of Medicine Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong 518055China

In mammals,skeletal bone development begins at hyaline cartilage formation at the early embryonic stage.1Then osteoblasts from the periosteum,which are distributed surrounding the hyaline cartilage,build up compact bone to formdiaphysis and spongy bone known as primary ossification center.1 Next,osteoclasts from the hematopoietic system destroy spongy bone to generate a medullary cavity.

关键词： cartilage skeletal medullary

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人类与自然耦合系统

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2007年第B12期36卷 602-611页

作者：刘建国 Thomas Dietz Stephen R.Carpenter Carl Folke Marina Alberti Charles L.Redman Stephen H.Schneider Elinor Ostrom Alice N.Pell Jane Lubchenco william w.taylor 欧阳志云 Peter Deadman Timothy Kratz william Provencher 张淑敏密歇根州立大学美国威斯康星大学瑞典皇家科学院贝耶学院华盛顿大学亚利桑那州立大学斯坦福大学亚利桑那州立大学制度多样性研究中心康奈尔大学的康奈尔国际食品农业与发展学院俄勒冈州立大学密歇根州立大学鱼类和野生动植物系中国科学院生态环境研究中心国家城市和区域生态重点实验室沃特卢大学地理系威斯康星州大学的威斯康星大学鳟鱼湖站威斯康星大学

人类与自然系统不断地相互作用促使人类与自然耦合系统(CHANS)的形成与发展。近期的研究揭示了人类与自然耦合系统在组织、空间以及时间上耦合的复杂性。这些耦合在相互作用方面从直接演化到更间接;在联结方面从邻近演化到更远距离;在... 详细信息

人类与自然系统不断地相互作用促使人类与自然耦合系统(CHANS)的形成与发展。近期的研究揭示了人类与自然耦合系统在组织、空间以及时间上耦合的复杂性。这些耦合在相互作用方面从直接演化到更间接;在联结方面从邻近演化到更远距离;在尺度上,从局部演化到全球;在模式和过程上,从简单演化到复杂。解开如相互影响和突发属性的复杂性,能够导致新的科学发现,并且对于开发生态和社会经济可持续性的有效政策是非常重要的。以解决关于人类与自然耦合系统的基本问题和迎接社会的空前挑战为目的的,真正整合不同学科的机会正显现出来。

关键词：耦合系统自然系统人类相互作用社会经济科学发现可持续性复杂性

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Hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： wenfeng Li Chelsea w.Neil J william Carey Meng Meng Luke P.Frash Philip H.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA Department of Mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating between chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).However,the migration of signature radionuclide gases between the nuclear cavity and surface is not well understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture networks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the *** this study,we provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(HM)coupling among gas flow,stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing *** testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow rate measurements,well suited for parameter uncertainty *** porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,we measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress *** Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,whose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,while this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porositywing key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)The porous tuff shows apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,which does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)The granite fracture permeability shows strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)Hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow appears to be

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability Matrix permeability

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Use of donepezil for neurocognitive recovery after brain injury in adult and pediatric populations:a scoping review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1686-1695页

作者： Avery L.Miller Nathan K.Evanson J.Michael taylor University of Cincinnati College of Medicine CincinnatiOHUSA Department of Pediatrics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA

There are few pharmacologic options for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury in pediatric *** inhibitors such as donepezil have been evaluated in adult patients after traumatic brain injury,but relatively less is known about the effect in pediatric *** goal of this review is to identify knowledge gaps in the efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibito rs as a potential a djuvant treatment fo r neurocognitive decline in pediatric patients with traumatic brain *** queried PubMed to identify literature published from database inception thro ugh June 2023 desc ribing the use of donepezil in young adult traumatic brain injury and pediatric patients with predefined *** on preselected search criteria,340 unique papers we re selected for title and abstra ct ***-two reco rds were reviewed in full after eliminating preclinical studies and pape rs outside the scope of the *** adult traumatic brain injury,we review results from 14 papers detailing 227 subjects where evidence suggests donepezil is well tole rated and shows both objective and patient-reported efficacy for reducing cognitive *** children,3 pape rs report on 5 children recovering from traumatic brain injury,showing limited *** additional 15 pediatric studies conducted in populations at risk for cognitive dysfunction provide a broader look at safety and efficacy in 210 patients in the pediatric age *** its promise for efficacy in adults with traumatic brain injury and tole rability in pediatric patients,we believe further study of donepezil for children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury is warranted.

关键词： acetylcholinesterase inhibitor adult cognition donepezil pediatrics traumatic brain injury

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Enabling built-in electric fields on rhenium-vacancy-rich heterojunction interfaces of transition-metal dichalcogenides for pH-universal efficient hydrogen and electric energy generation

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Carbon Energy 2024年第9期6卷 195-209页

作者： Benzhi wang Lixia wang Ji Hoon Lee Tayirjan taylor Isimjan Hyung Mo Jeong Xiulin Yang Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinChina Department of Smart Fab.Technology School of Mechanical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation(SABIC)at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST) ThuwalSaudi Arabia

Most advanced hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts show high activity under alkaline ***,the performance deteriorates at a natural and acidic pH,which is often problematic in practical ***,a rhenium(Re)sulfide–transition-metal dichalcogenide heterojunc-tion catalyst with Re-rich vacancies(NiS_(2)-ReS_(2)-V)has been *** optimized catalyst shows extraordinary electrocatalytic HER performance over a wide range of pH,with ultralow overpotentials of 42,85,and 122 mV under alkaline,acidic,and neutral conditions,***,the two-electrode system with NiS_(2)-ReS_(2)-V1 as the cathode provides a voltage of 1.73 V at 500 mA cm^(-2),superior to industrial ***,the open-circuit voltage of a single Zn–H_(2)O cell with NiS_(2)-ReS_(2)-V1 as the cathode can reach an impressive 90.9% of the theoretical value,with a maximum power density of up to 31.6 mw cm^(-2).Moreover,it shows remarkable stability,with sustained discharge for approximately 120 h at 10 mA cm^(-2),significantly outperforming commercial Pt/C catalysts under the same conditions in all aspects.A series of systematic characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that Re vacancies on the heterojunction interface would generate a stronger built-in electric field,which profoundly affects surface charge distribution and subsequently enhances HER performance.

关键词： built-in electric field electrocatalysts hydrogen evolution reaction self-powered system water splitting Zn-H_(2)O cell

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Developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 35-54页

作者： william J.DAVIES Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK

In many countries, political and environmental pressures are currently combining to generate a perfect storm of circumstances that is reducing food availability, increasing food costs and thereby reducing the availability of food to many. The UK is currently considering new national food and land management policies, and attention is also being given to legislation to address diet-related health issues. Many now argue for a revolution in UK farming practices to reduce their impact on the natural environment. The UK is not alone in facing these and other challenges. Both the contribution of agriculture to greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and the effects of climate change on food production are issues receiving worldwide *** agricultural practices can result in greater C capture, reduced GHG emissions, enhanced soil quality and enhanced biodiversity. However, it is questioned if such farming systems will be productive enough to feed a growing population with the food required for social and health benefits. To fully exploit the impact of new plant science in farmer fields, it is imperative to effectively link science to farming practices and conduct a broader conversation around the food revolution with social scientists and with the general public.

关键词： Climate resilience food security human health planetary health regenerative agriculture

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