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Considerations for the use of porcine organ donation models in preclinical organ donor intervention research

Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第3期7卷 283-296页

作者： Frazer I.Heinis Shaheed Merani Nicholas W.Markin Kim F.Duncan Michael J.Moulton Lance Fristoe william E.thorell Raechel A.Sherrick tami R.Wells Matthew t.Andrews Marian Urban School of Natural Resources Institute of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA Division of transplantation and Vascular Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Department of Anesthesiology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Clinical Perfusion Nebraska Medicine-Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Nutrition and Health Sciences College of Education and Human SciencesUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA Department of Comparative Medicine University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA

Use of animal models in preclinical transplant research is essential to the optimization of human allografts for clinical *** models of organ donation and preservation help to advance and improve technical elements of solid organ recovery and facilitate research of ischemia-reperfusion injury,organ preservation strategies,and future donor-based *** considerations include cost,public opinion regarding the conduct of animal research,translational value,and relevance of the animal model for clinical *** present an overview of two porcine models of organ donation:donation following brain death(DBD)and donation following circulatory death(DCD).the cardiovascular anatomy and physiology of pigs closely resembles those of humans,making this species the most appropriate for pre-clinical *** are also considered a potential source of organs for human heart and kidney *** is imperative to minimize animal loss during procedures that are surgically *** present our experience with these models and describe in detail the use cases,procedural approach,challenges,alternatives,and limitations of each model.

关键词： animal model brain death circulatory death organ transplantation

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the secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury:an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand Charles M.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper Ryan t.Elder Raveena R.Mishra taylor L.Marti Phoebe M.Omuro Rylie M.Roddick Jae Sung Lee william L.Murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

After spinal cord injury,there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells,which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural ***,a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord *** much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury,there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine *** objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury,identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels,and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord *** were inflicted with either a mild contusion,moderate contusion,severe contusion,or complete transection,7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury,and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex *** demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury,but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury,while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days *** contrast,several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days *** spinal cord injury,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development,increased more than all other cytokines tested,reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured *** a mild injury,11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms;however,after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male *** conclusion,pro-inflammatory cytokines in

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines inflammation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord injury

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A 3D In-vitro model of the human dentine interface shows long-range osteoinduction from the dentine surface

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第2期16卷 225-237页

作者： william Macalester Asme Boussahel Rafael O.Moreno-tortolero Mark R.Shannon Nicola West Darryl Hill Adam Perriman School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Biomedical Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUnited Kingdom Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials HH Wills Physics LaboratoryUniversity of BristolTyndall AvenueBristolUnited Kingdom Centre for Protolife Research School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantocks CloseBristolUnited Kingdom Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom Periodontology Bristol Dental SchoolUniversity of BristolLower Maudlin StreetBristolUnited Kingdom

Emerging regenerative cell therapies for alveolar bone loss have begun to explore the use of cell laden hydrogels for minimally invasive surgery to treat small and spatially complex maxilla-oral ***,the oral cavity presents a unique and challenging environment for in vivo bone tissue engineering,exhibiting both hard and soft periodontal tissue as well as acting as key biocenosis for many distinct microbial communities that interact with both the external environment and internal body systems,which will impact on cell fate and subsequent treatment ***,we design and bioprint a facile 3D in vitro model of a human dentine interface to probe the effect of the dentine surface on human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs)encapsulated in a microporous hydrogel *** demonstrate that the dentine substrate induces osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs,and that both dentine andβ-tricalcium phosphate substrates stimulate extracellular matrix production and maturation at the gel-media interface,which is distal to the gel-substrate *** findings demonstrate the potential for long-range effects on stem cells by mineralized surfaces during bone tissue engineering and provide a framework for the rapid development of 3D dentine-bone interface models.

关键词： interface den surface

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Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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动物营养学报 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin t. Moran Michael R. Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn University AL 36830-5416 USA AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road Marlborough Wiltshire SN8 4AN UK

Phytin is the Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -K + salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca 2+ . Even at low gastric pH, phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca 2+ near the enzyme's active site further stabilizes its newly formed structure. thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coordinating free Ca 2+ , destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca 2+ and other cations re-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes (e.g. Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ ) which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors (e.g. Zn 2+ ) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca 2+ as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca 2+ is progressively displaced by Na + to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer (USWL). Excessive removal of Ca 2+ from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilit

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous protein Mucin Phytin

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Distribution, health and ecological risk assessments of trace elements in Nigerian oil sands

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 59-71页

作者： Odunayo t.Ore Festus M.Adebiyi Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005Nigeria Department of Chemical Sciences Achievers UniversityOwoNigeria

the Nigerian oil sands represent the largest oil sand deposit in Africa, yet there is little published information on the distribution and potential health and ecological risks of trace elements in the oil resource. In the present study, we investigated the distribution pattern of 18trace elements(including biophile and chalcophile elements) as well as the estimated risks associated with exposure to these elements. the results of the study indicated that Fe was the most abundant element, with a mean concentration of 22,131 mg/kg while Br had the lowest mean concentration of 48 mg/kg. the high occurrence of Fe and ti suggested a possible occurrence of ilmenite(Fe tiO_(3)) in the oil sands. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization showed that the possible sources of detected elements in the oil sands were geogenic, metal production, and crustal. the contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, modified degree of contamination, pollution load index, and Nemerow pollution index indicated that the oil sands are heavily polluted by the elements. Health risk assessment showed that children were relatively more susceptible to the potentially toxic elements in the oil sands principally via ingestion exposure route(HQ > 1E-04). Cancer risks from inhalation are unlikely due to CR t ingestion and dermal contact pose severe risks(CR > 1E-04). the high concentrations of the elements pose serious threats due to the potential for atmospheric transport, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability.

关键词： Biophile Chalcophile Oil sand Risk assessment trace element

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the bumpy road of purinergic inhibitors to clinical application in immune-mediated diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1206-1211页

作者： Matthias t.Wyss Christine Heuer Marina Herwerth Institute of Pharmacology and toxicology University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland Neuroscience Center Zurich(ZNZ) University of Zurich and ETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland Neurology Department University Hospital of ZurichZürichSwitzerland

Purinergic signaling plays important roles throughout the body in the regulation of organ functions during and following the disruption of *** is also reflected by the widespread expression of two families of purinergic receptors(P1 and P2)with numerous *** the last few decades,there has been increasing evidence that purinergic signaling plays an important role in the regulation of immune ***,signals mediated by P2 receptors have been shown to contribute to immune system-mediated ***,interference with P2 receptors may be a promising strategy for the modulation of immune *** only a few clinical studies have been conducted in isolated entities with limited success,preclinical work suggests that the use of P2 receptor inhibitors may bear some promise in various autoimmune *** the association of P2 receptors with several disorders from this field,the use of P2 receptor antagonists in clinical therapy is still very *** this narrative review,we briefly review the involvement of the purinergic system in immunological responses and clinical studies on the effect of purinergic inhibition on autoimmune *** then open the aperture a bit and show some preclinical studies demonstrating a potential effect of purinergic blockade on autoimmune *** suramin,a non-specific purinergic inhibitor,as an example,we further show that off-target effects could be responsible for observed effects in immunological settings,which may have interesting ***,we believe that it is worthwhile to further investigate this hitherto underexplored area.

关键词： autoimmune diseases neurological disorders purinergic system P2 receptor inhibitors suramin

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Nonlinear-Optical Analogies in Nuclear-Like Soliton Reactions:Selection Rules,Nonlinear tunneling and Sub-Barrier Fusion–Fission

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第8期41卷 1-7页

作者： t.L.Belyaeva V.N.Serkin Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico Av.Instituto Literario 100C.P.50000TolucaMexico Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Av.4 Sur 104C.P.72001PueblaMexico

the main goal of our study is to reveal unexpected but intriguing analogies arising between optical solitons and nuclear physics,which still remain hidden from *** consider the main cornerstones of the concept of nonlinear optics of nuclear reactions and the well-dressed repulsive-core *** the base of this model,we reveal the most intriguing properties of the nonlinear tunneling of nucleus-like solitons and the soliton selfinduced sub-barrier transparency *** describe novel interesting and stimulating analogies between the interaction of nucleus-like solitons on the repulsive barrier and nuclear sub-barrier *** main finding of this study concerns the conservation of total number of nucleons(or the baryon number)in nuclear-like soliton *** show that inelastic interactions among well-dressed repulsive-core solitons arise only when a“cloud”of“dressing”spectral side-bands appears in the frequency spectra of the *** property of nucleus-like solitons is directly related to the nuclear density distribution described by the dimensionless small shape-squareness *** the Fourier spectra of nucleus-like solitons are similar to the nuclear form *** show that the nuclear-like reactions between well-dressed solitons are realized by“exchange”between“particle-like”side bands in their spectra.

关键词： solitons soliton Nonlinear

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Hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： Wenfeng Li Chelsea W.Neil J william Carey Meng Meng Luke P.Frash Philip H.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA Department of Mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating between chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).However,the migration of signature radionuclide gases between the nuclear cavity and surface is not well understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture networks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(tHMC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the *** this study,we provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(HM)coupling among gas flow,stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing *** testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow rate measurements,well suited for parameter uncertainty *** porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,we measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress *** Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,whose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,while this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porositytimate).Matrix gas permeability is strongly correlated to effective stress for the granite,but not for the porous *** experiments reveal the following key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)the porous tuff shows apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,which does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)the granite fracture permeability shows strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)Hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow appears to be

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability Matrix permeability

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美国页岩油气地质特征及勘探开发进展

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石油勘探与开发 2024年第4期51卷 807-828页

作者： MCMAHON t P LARSON t E ZHANG t SHUStER M 美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校杰克逊地质科学学院经济地质局奥斯汀78758-4445德克萨斯州美国

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比... 详细信息

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比世)、早二叠世、晚侏罗世和晚白垩世(塞诺曼期—土伦期),构造沉积环境主要包括克拉通内盆地、前陆盆地和被动大陆边缘盆地。古生界富烃页岩主要分布于以下6个盆地:阿巴拉契亚盆地(尤蒂卡页岩和马塞勒斯页岩)、阿纳达科盆地(伍德福德页岩)、威利斯顿盆地(巴肯页岩)、阿卡马盆地(费耶特维尔页岩)、沃思堡盆地(巴内特页岩)和二叠盆地(狼营组和斯帕瑞组/骨泉组页岩)。中生界富烃页岩主要发育在西墨西哥湾盆地(海恩斯维尔组和鹰滩组)和落基山盆地群(以丹佛和粉河盆地的尼尔布拉勒组页岩为主)。通过对各页岩区带的详细分析发现,页岩的岩相和矿物成分存在差异,“页岩储层”并非只是页岩,很多情况下页岩油气还产自粉砂岩和碳酸盐岩等多种岩石类型。美国的页岩油气资源丰富,页岩油地质资源量超过0.246×1012 t,页岩气地质资源量超过290×1012 m3。在开启“页岩革命”的水平井水力压裂技术出现之前,美国经过了长达20年的勘探开发实践和理论技术积累。自2007年至2023年,美国页岩油气产量从约11.2×104t/d油当量增加到超过300.0×104t/d油当量,2017年页岩油气产量超过了常规油气,2023年在油气总产量中的占比增加到60%以上。页岩油气的开发主要得益于钻完井技术的改进,“立体开发”的攻关,以及重复压裂、提高原油采收率和“U”形井等技术的应用。基于美国丰富的页岩资源基础和技术的不断进步,页岩油气的产量将继续为全美的油气生产做出更大贡献。

关键词：美国页岩油页岩气页岩储层非常规储层油气产量资源评价

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Solvation Effects on the Dielectric Constant of 1 M LiPF6 in Ethylene Carbonate:Ethyl Methyl Carbonate 3:7

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 253-256页

作者： Julian Self Nathan t.Hahn Kristin A.Persson Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique MontrealMontrealQC H3T 1J4Canada Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Energy technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Material Physical and Chemical Sciences CenterSandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM 87185USA

We report the dielectric constant of 1 M LiPF_(6)in EC:EMC 3∶7 w/w(ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate)in addition to neat EC:EMC 3∶7 w/*** three Debye relaxations,the static permittivity value,or dielectric constant,is extrapolated to 18.5,which is compared to 18.7 for the neat solvent *** EC solvent is found to strongly coordinate with the Li^(+)cations of the salt,which results in a loss of dielectric contribution to the ***,the small amplitude and large uncertainty in relaxation frequency for EMC cloud definitive identification of the Li^(+)solvation ***,the loss of the free EC permittivity contribution due to Li^(+)solvation is almost completely balanced by the positive contribution of the associated LiPF_(6)salt,demonstrating that a significant quantity of dipolar ion pairs exists in 1 M LiPF_(6)in EC:EMC 3∶7.

关键词： batteries dielectric relaxation spectroscopy electrolytes

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