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Application of SWAN m.del for storm.generated wave sim.lation in the Canadian Beaufort Sea

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2020年第1期5卷 19-34页

作者： m..Azharul Hoque william Perrie Steven m.Solom.n Natural Resources Canada Bedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova Scotia B2Y 4A2Canada Fisheries and Ocean Canada Bedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova Scotia B2Y 4A2Canada

The wave m.del SWAN(Sim.lating WAves Nearshore)is im.lem.nted for the Canadian Beaufort Sea and storm.generated waves are investigated through com.arisons between in situ buoy observations and num.rical *** are perform.d for four storm. using the SWAN wave *** specifically use SWAN’s non-stationary and two-dim.nsional m.des in a fine resolution nested dom.in within a coarse resolution *** established whitecapping form.lations in SWAN are exam.ned;one is dependent on m.an spectral wave steepness and the other is on local spectral *** sim.lations in the shallow fine resolution dom.in also consider the effects of bottom.friction and nonlinear triad *** the Beaufort Sea study area,wave sim.lations in which the white capping form.lation is dependent on local spectral steepness are better than those where the dependency is on m.an spectral steepness;however im.lem.ntation of bottom.friction term.and triad m.chanism. in the present study does not lead to any notable enhancem.nt in the sim.lations.

关键词： Arctic Ocean Beaufort Sea m.ckenzie delta Storm.waves SWAN.

Photodissociation Branching Ratios of 12C^16O from.108000 cm.-1 to 113200 cm.-1 m.asured by Two-Color VUV-VUV Laser Pum.-Probe Tim.-Slice Velocity-m.p Ion Im.ging m.thod:Observation of Channels for Producing O(1D)

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Chinese Journal of Chem.cal Physics 2020年第1期33卷 91-100页

作者： Hong Gao Yu Song william m.Jackson Cheuk-Yiu Ng Beijing National Laboratory for m.lecular Sciences Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of CaliforniaDavis CA 95616USA

The photoabsorption and photodissociation of carbon m.noxide(CO)in the vacuum.ultraviolet(VUV)region is one of the m.st im.ortant photochem.cal processes in the interstellar m.dium.thus it has attracted num.rous experim.ntal and theoretical ***,we em.loyed the two-color VUV-VUV laser pum.-probe tim.-slice velocity-m.p ion im.ging m.thod to m.asure the relative branching ratios[C(3P0)+O(1D)]/{[C(3P0)+O(3P)]+[C(3P0)+O(1D)]}and[C(3P2)+O(1D)]/{[C(3P2)+O(3P)]+[C(3P2)+O(1D)]}in the VUV photoexcitation energy range of 108000-113200 cm.−***,one tunable VUV laser beam.is used to excite CO to speci c rovibronic states,and a second independently tunable VUV laser beam.is used to state-selectively ionize C(3P0)and C(3P2)for ***-selective photoionization through the 1VUV+1UV/visible resonance-enhanced m.ltiphoton ionization schem. has greatly enhanced the detection sensitivity,which m.kes m.ny new weak absorption bands observable in the current *** branching ratio m.asurem.nt shows that the spin-forbidden channels C(3P0)+O(1D)and C(3P2)+O(1D)only open at several discrete narrow energy *** m.ght be caused by certain accidental resonanceenhanced spin-orbit interactions between the directly excited Rydberg states and valence states of triplet type which nally dissociate into the spin-forbidden channels.

关键词： Carbon m.noxide Photodissociation Vacuum.ultraviolet Branching ratio

Com.arative evaluation of im.acts of clim.te change and droughts on river flow vulnerability in Iran

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Water Science and Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 265-274页

作者： Zahra Noorisam.leh Shahriar Khaledi Alireza Shakiba Parviz Zeaiean Firouzabadi william AGough m.onirul Qader m.rza Faculty of Earth Sciences Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran Departm.nt of Physical and Environm.ntal Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughToronto M1C 1A4Canada Faculty of Geographical Sciences Kharazmi UniversityTehran 15719-14911Iran

Rivers in arid and sem.-arid regions are threatened by droughts and clim.te *** study focused on a com.arative evaluation of the im.acts of clim.te change and droughts on the vulnerability of river flows in three basins with diverse clim.tes in *** standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index(SPEI)and precipitation effectiveness variables(PEVs)extracted from.the conjunctive precipitation effectiveness index(CPEI)were used to analyze the drought *** investigate hydrological droughts in the basins,the norm.lized difference water index(NDWI)and the stream.low drought index(SDI)were calculated and *** effects of droughts were assessed under various representative concentration pathway(RCP)*** in the num.er of wet days and precipitation depth restricted hydrological droughts,whereas an increasing num.er of dry days am.lified their *** projected increases in dry days and precipitation over short durations throughout a year under future clim.te scenarios would produce changes in drought and flood periods and ultim.tely im.act the frequency and severity of hydrological *** RCP 4.5,an increase in the frequencies of m.derate and severe m.teorological/hydrological droughts would further affect the Central Desert *** RCPs 2.6 and 8.5,the frequencies of severe and extrem. droughts would increase,but the drought area would be sm.ller than that under RCP 4.5,dem.nstrating less severe drought *** to the shallow depths of m.st rivers,SDI was found to be m.re feasible than NDWI in detecting hydrological droughts.©2020 Hohai *** and hosting by Elsevier *** is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Clim.te change River flow Precipitation Drought index Standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index Iran

Chem.prevention of esophageal adenocarcinom.

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第4期8卷 253-260,I0001页

作者： Erik J.Snider Andrew m.Kaz John m.Inadom. william m.Grady Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA Gastroenterology Section VA Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA Clinical Research Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA

Esophageal adenocarcinom.(EAC)is a m.jor cause of cancer-related death,particularly in Western populations,and is rapidly rising in Asian populations at this *** all EACs develop from.the precursor lesion Barrett’s esophagus(BE),which is the m.st significant risk factor for ***,the rates of progression from.BE to EAC are low and patients with BE are ***,any strategy for EAC prevention m.st carry a low risk of harm.in order to be clinically *** current EAC-screening and BE-surveillance m.thods carry som. procedural risk and are burdensom.,there is an opportunity for chem.prevention,*** or dietary factors that m.y prevent BE from.progressing to EAC.A variety of candidate chem.prevention therapies have been assessed to ***-pum. inhibitors(PPIs)are the best studied and have m.dest EAC-chem.prevention efficacy in BE patients,with a recent random.zed trial showing that high-dose PPI m.y be m.re effective than low-dose *** and other non-steroidal anti-inflam.atory drugs have m.derate quality observational and random.zed-trial evidence for preventing progression of BE to EAC,but their risks for harm.have precluded their routine clinical *** therapies(statins,m.tform.n,fem.le sex horm.nes)generally do not have strong evidence to support their use in EAC *** progress has been m.de in this field,there is still a need for m.re effective and safe chem.prevention therapies for EAC.

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus esophageal adenocarcinom. chem.prevention

Coyote Predation Effects on White-Tailed Deer Fawns

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Natural Resources 2016年第11期7卷 628-643页

作者： Lauren N. Watine william m. Giuliano Departm.nt of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville USA

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are a relatively new predator to the southeastern United States, and m.y be negatively im.acting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus;hereafter, deer) populations. Our objectives were to evaluate the im.acts of coyotes on deer fawns by assessing deer fawn survival and cause-specific m.rtality, and gain an understanding of factors affecting fawn survival and coyote predation. We captured and radio collared 30 fawns in the Red Hills region of Florida and Georgia, USA (2012-2013). Fawns were m.nitored for 12 weeks for survival and cause-specific m.rtality, and we quantified habitat and environm.ntal characteristics of birth sites. Predation (n = 19;95%) was the leading cause of fawn m.rtality (n = 20;67%), with coyote predation (n = 14;74%) being the m.st im.ortant type of predation. Survival rates for all fawns were greater (P = 0.048) where coyotes were rem.ved com.ared to non-rem.val sites, with 50% and 25% of fawns surviving to 12 weeks on coyote-rem.val and non-rem.val sites, respectively. Survival rates of fawns ultim.tely predated by coyotes were greater (P = 0.096) on coyote-rem.val than non-rem.val sites, with 40% and 50% of fawns predated by coyotes within 12 weeks on coyote-rem.val and non-rem.val sites, respectively. Survival of all fawns and those predated by coyotes was lower when fawns were born at sites with greater hardwood basal area, total basal area, and canopy closure;and survival im.roved if born in or near hardwood, natural pine, and m.naged (planted) pine cover types. Increased canopy cover within 10 m.of the birth site was selected by adult fem.les for birth sites of all fawns and those that were predated by coyotes. Com.ared with fawns that lived, all dying fawns and those predated by coyotes had less shrub cover within 5 m.and less grass cover at and within 10 m.of the birth site. Coyote rem.val increased fawn daily survival rates, and habitat played a role in fawn survival.

关键词： Canis latrans Coyote Odocoileus virginianus Predation Survival White-Tailed Deer

Experim.ntal and m.deling Study of Forest Fire Effect on Soil Therm.l Conductivity

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 462-473页

作者： Kathleen m.Sm.TS Elizabeth KIRBY william J.m.SSm.N Larry Scott BAGGETT Center for the Experim.ntal Study of Subsurface Environm.ntal Processes Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringColorado School of Mines USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station

An understanding of soil therm.l conductivity after a wildfire or controlled burn is im.ortant to land m.nagem.nt and post-fire recovery efforts. Although soil therm.l conductivity has been well studied for non-fire heated soils, com.rehensive data that evaluate the long-term.effect of extrem. heating from.a fire on the soil therm.l conductivity are lim.ted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term.im.act of fire on the effective therm.l conductivity of soils by directly com.aring fire-heated and no-fire control soils through a series of laboratory studies. The therm.l conductivity was m.asured for ten soil sam.les from.two sites within the m.nitou Experim.ntal Forest, Colorado, USA, for a range of water contents from.saturation to the residual degree of saturation. The therm.l conductivity m.asured was com.ared with independent estim.tes m.de using three em.irical m.dels from.literature, including the Cam.bell et al. （1994）, CSt~ and Konrad （2005）, and m.ssm.n et al. （2008） m.dels. Results dem.nstrate that for the test soils studied, the therm.l conductivity of the fire-heated soils was slightly lower than that of the control soils for all observed water contents. m.deling results show that the Cam.bell et al. （1994） m.del gave the best agreem.nt over the full range of water contents when proper fitting param.ters were em.loyed. Further studies are needed to evaluate the significance of including the influence of fire burn on the therm.l properties of soils in m.deling studies.

关键词： controlled burn degree of saturation em.irical m.del water content wildfire

Choledochal cysts: Sim.larities and differences between Asian and Western countries

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第26期25卷 3334-3343页

作者： George N Baison m.rgan m.Bonds william S Helton Richard A Kozarek Digestive Disease Institute Virginia Mason Medical Center

Choledochal cysts(CCs)are rare bile duct dilatations,intra-and/or extrahepatic,and have higher prevalence in the Asian population com.ared to Western *** of the current literature on CC disease originates from.Asia where these entities are m.st *** are thought to arise from.an anom.lous pancreaticobiliary junction,which are congenital anom.lies between pancreatic and bile *** sim.larities in presentation between Eastern and Western patients exist such as fem.le predom.nance,however,contem.orary studies suggest that Asian patients m.y be m.re sym.tom.tic on *** though CC disease presents with an increased m.lignant risk reported to be m.re than 10%after the second decade of life in Asian patients,this risk m.y be overstated in Western *** this difference in cancer risk,m.nagem.nt guidelines for all patients with CC are based predom.nantly on observations reported from.Asia where it is recom.ended that all CCs should be excised out of concern for the presence or developm.nt of biliary tract cancer.

关键词： Choledochal cyst Cholangiocarcinom. Asian populations Western populations Anom.lous pancreaticobiliary junction

Com.aring Two m.thods for m.asuring Soil Bulk Density and m.isture Content

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2020年第6期10卷 233-243页

作者： Jalal D. Jabro william B. Stevens william m. Iversen USDA Agricultural Research Service Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory Sidney Montana USA

Soil bulk density and m.isture content are dynam.c properties that vary with changes in soil and field conditions and have m.ny agricultural, hydrological and environm.ntal im.lications. The m.in objective of this stu... 详细信息

Soil bulk density and moisture content are dynamic properties that vary with changes in soil and field conditions and have many agricultural, hydrological and environmental implications. The main objective of this study was to compare between a soil core sampling method (core) and the CPN MC-3 EliteTM nuclear gauge m.thod (radiation) for m.asuring bulk density (ρB) and volum.tric m.isture content (θv) in a clay loam.soil. Soil ρB and θv m.asurem.nts were determ.ned using the core and radiation m.thods at 0 - 10 and 10 - 20 cm.soil depths. The m.an values of soil ρB obtained using the core m.thod (1.454, 1.492 g·cm.9}) were greater than those obtained using the radiation m.thod (1.343, 1.476 g

Hypospadias： an update

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第1期9卷 16-22页

作者： Alexander K. C. Leung william L. m. Robson Departm.nt of Pediatrics The University of Calgary Calgary Alberta T2M 0H5 Canada The Alberta Children＇s Hospital Calgary Alberta T2M 0H5 Canada The Childrens＇ Clinic Calgary Alberta T2M 0H5 Canada

Hypospadias is the m.st com.on congenital anom.ly of the penis. The problem.usually develops sporadically and without an obvious underlying cause. The ectopically positioned urethral m.atus lies proxim.l to the norm.l site and on the ventral aspect of the penis, and in severe cases opens onto the scrotum.or perineum. The foreskin on the ventral surface is deficient, while that on the dorsal surface is abundant, giving the appearance of a dorsal hood. Chordee is m.re com.on in severe cases. Cryptorchidism.and inguinal hernia are the m.st com.on associated anom.lies. The frequency of associated anom.lies increases with the severity of hypospadias. For isolated anterior or m.ddle hypospadias, laboratory studies are not usually necessary. Screening for urinary tract anom.lies should be considered in patients with posterior hypospadias and in those with an anom.ly of at least one additional organ system. The ideal age for surgical repair in a healthy child is between 6 and 12 m.nths of age. m.st cases can be repaired in a single operation and on an outpatient basis. Even patients with a less than perfect surgical result are usually able to enjoy a satisfactory sexual life.

关键词： hypospadias sporadic cryptorchidism inguinal hernia renal anom.ly repair