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地球演化历史中氧逸度变化对壳幔循环启动、风化和超大陆循环的指示（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第1期 97-102页

作者：王瑞邬绍宸 Roberto F.Weinberg william j.collins Peter A.Cawood State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Institute of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth China University of Geosciences (Beijing) School of Earth Atmosphere and Environment Monash University The Institute for Geoscience Research Curtin University

We apply a zircon redox index to a global compilation of detrital zircons to track the variation of oxidation state, expressed as ΔFMQ, through Earth’s history. Those from I-type rocks, which comprise mantle and crustal igneous protoliths, including tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorites(TTGs), generally have a high oxidation state(ΔFMQ > 0). In contrast, zircons from igneous rocks derived from supracrustal source rocks(S-type) are commonly reduced(ΔFMQ 0 over the last 3 Ga. Given that the redox state of magmas is independent of crustal thickness and silica variation, and elevated values are likely more closely related to tectonic setting, we suggest that the consistent average ΔFMQ > 0 from ca.3.5 Ga onwards relates to recycling of oceanic lithosphere back into the mantle in what eventually became established as subduction zones. The more reduced magmas associated with sedimentary sources, became established at 2.6 Ga, presumably in response to continental rocks rising above sealevel, and follow peaks of productivity associated with the supercontinent cycle.

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Development and characterization of 3D-printed electroconductive pHEMA-co-MAA NP-laden hydrogels for tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 262-276页

作者： Sara De Nitto Aleksandra Serafin Alexandra Karadimou Achim Schmalenberger john j.EMulvihill Maurice N.collins DIBRIS Polytechnic Inter-School Section University of Genoa16126 GenoaItaly School of Engineering Bernal InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland School of Natural Sciences Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland AMBER University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland

Tissue engineering(TE)continues to be widely explored as a potential solution to meet critical clinical needs for diseased tissue replacement and tissue *** this study,we developed a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)(pHEMA-co-MAA)based hydrogel loaded with newly synthesized conductive poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)(PEDOT)and polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles(NPs),and subsequently processed these hydrogels into tissue engineered constructs via three-dimensional(3D)*** presence of the NPs was critical as they altered the rheological properties during ***,all samples exhibited suitable shear thinning properties,allowing for the development of an optimized processing window for 3D *** were 3D printed into pre-determined disk-shaped configurations of 2 and 10 mm in height and diameter,*** observed that the NPs disrupted the gel crosslinking efficiencies,leading to shorter degradation times and compressive mechanical properties ranging between 450 and 550 *** conductivity of the printed hydrogels increased along with the NP concentration to(5.10±0.37)×10^(−7)S/*** vitro studies with cortical astrocyte cell cultures demonstrated that exposure to the pHEMA-co-MAA NP hydrogels yielded high cellular viability and proliferation ***,hydrogel antimicrobial studies with staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria revealed that the developed hydrogels affected bacterial *** together,these materials show promise for various TE strategies.

关键词： Conductive nanoparticles Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) Ultraviolet(UV)polymerization 3D printing

Developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 35-54页

作者： william j.DAVIES Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK

In many countries, political and environmental pressures are currently combining to generate a perfect storm of circumstances that is reducing food availability, increasing food costs and thereby reducing the availability of food to many. The UK is currently considering new national food and land management policies, and attention is also being given to legislation to address diet-related health issues. Many now argue for a revolution in UK farming practices to reduce their impact on the natural environment. The UK is not alone in facing these and other challenges. Both the contribution of agriculture to greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and the effects of climate change on food production are issues receiving worldwide *** agricultural practices can result in greater C capture, reduced GHG emissions, enhanced soil quality and enhanced biodiversity. However, it is questioned if such farming systems will be productive enough to feed a growing population with the food required for social and health benefits. To fully exploit the impact of new plant science in farmer fields, it is imperative to effectively link science to farming practices and conduct a broader conversation around the food revolution with social scientists and with the general public.

关键词： Climate resilience food security human health planetary health regenerative agriculture

船只排放物对欧洲空气质量及酸性沉降造成的影响

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2005年第1期34卷 54-59页

作者： Richard G.Derwent David S.Stevenson Ruth M.Doherty william j.collins Michael G.Sanderson Colin E.johnson janusz Cofala Reinhard Mechler Markus Amann Frank j.Dentener 许天虎伦敦皇家学院环境科技部英国爱丁堡大学全国环境研究委员会(NERC)/环境部英国爱丁堡大学 Met办公室哈德利(Hadley)中心埃克塞特的Met办公室哈德利中心奥地利拉克森堡(Laxenburg)的国际应用系统分析研究所奥地利拉克森堡的国际应用系统分析研究所 "跨边界空气污染计划" 意大利Ispra的环境与可持续发展研究所联合研究中心

一个名为"STOCHEM"的三维拉氏化学传输模型被用于描述2000年气候条件下国际海运活动产生的SO_2、NO_x、VOCs和CO排放造成的欧洲大西洋沿岸区域性酸性沉降和臭氧空气质量影响的状况。该模型得出的从西南海域到不列颠群岛和布列塔尼水域... 详细信息

一个名为"STOCHEM"的三维拉氏化学传输模型被用于描述2000年气候条件下国际海运活动产生的SO_2、NO_x、VOCs和CO排放造成的欧洲大西洋沿岸区域性酸性沉降和臭氧空气质量影响的状况。该模型得出的从西南海域到不列颠群岛和布列塔尼水域国际海运活动产生的硫沉降总量高达200mg/m^2·a。夏季国际海运活动对表层臭氧浓度的影响在爱尔兰、布列塔尼和葡萄牙高达约6ppb。在欧洲,海运活动产生的排放物是一种对酸性沉降和臭氧空气质量造成影响的外部因素,并且如果要在将来达到严格的沉降及空气质量目标,就需要采取一系列控制措施。

关键词：酸性沉降空气质量排放物欧洲国际海运船只臭氧浓度传输模型气候条件

Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection method using production and resilience score indices

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 169-185页

作者： Arnauld THIRY william j.DAVIES Ian C.DODD Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLancashire LA14YWUK

In Asia, the rice crop sustains millions of people. However, growing demand for this crop needs to be met while simultaneously reducing its water consumption to cope with the effects of climate change. Lowland cropping systems are the most common and productive but have particularly high water requirements. High-yielding rice genotypes adapted to drier environments(such as rainfed or aerobic rice ecosystems) are needed to increase the water use efficiency of cropping. Identifying these genotypes requires fast and more accurate selection methods. It is hypothesized that applying a new quantitative selection method(the score index selection method), can usefully compare rice yield responses over different years and stress intensities to select genotypes more rapidly and efficiently. Applying the score index to previously published rice yield data for 39 genotypes grown in no-stress and two stress environments, identified three genotypes(ARB 8, IR55419-04 and ARB 7) with higher and stable yield under moderate to severe stress conditions. These genotypes are postulated to be better adapted to stress environment such as upland and aerobic environments. Importantly, the score index selection method offers improved precision than the conventional breeding selection method in identifying genotypes that are well-suited to a range of stress levels within the target environment.

关键词： Aerobic rice breeding selection drought resilience production capacity index resilience capacity index stress score index upland

Effect of stress-dependent microannulus aperture on well leakage

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 1967-1976页

作者： Meng Meng Luke P.Frash j.william Carey Mohamed Mehana Wenfeng Li Bailian Chen Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA

Debonding at the cement-casing interface is recognized as a principal failure mechanism leading to CO_(2) leakage in *** detachment gives rise to a microannulus,which notably possesses greater permeability than undamaged cement,undermining its sealing ***,the permeability of the microannulus is regarded as a uniform value throughout the ***,fundamentally,a microannulus is one type of fracture,and its gap or aperture size is affected by the effective *** this work,we developed a unique experimental *** equipment facilitates the curing of cement inside a steel casing,the formation of a microannulus between the casing and the cement,and the investigation of the fluid flow dynamics along the microannulus under laboratory-replicated in situ *** microannulus was formed by injecting fluid from one end of the setup,and receiving similar amount of fluid on the other end signified the development of the leakage ***,strain gauges affixed to the casing’s external surface yielded key information on the microannulus’s opening and *** observed a noticeable decline in microannulus hydraulic aperture(or permeability)in relation to effective stress and an exponential equation fits their *** findings also indicate a distinct behavior when comparing liquid CO_(2) with ***,it is easier for liquid CO_(2) to create the ***,the hydraulic aperture range for this microannulus(0.7-6 mm)is considerably smaller than that created by water flow(2-17 mm).Finally,we integrated the stressdependent microannulus aperture size into the combined analysis of well mechanical integrity and well *** outcomes consistently demonstrated that when factoring in the stress-dependent aperture sizes,the leakage rates are 3e5 times compared to a fixed aperture *** traditional assumption of a constant aperture significantly underestimates fluid leakage risks.

关键词： Microannulus Leakage assessment Aperture size Triaxial experiment Carbon sequestration

Promoting green transformation by ensuring food security while reducing the environmental footprint of food and farming with agriculture green development

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 1-4,I0005页

作者： william j.DAVIES jianbo SHEN Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUK State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Reconciling the challenges of producing adequate amounts of nutritious food for the increasing global population while limiting environmental damage that can result from operations of our food systems is an enormous *** many parts of the world,agriculture is undergoing major transformations and this has been and still is particularly the case in China.

关键词： operations agriculture transformation

Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 155-168页

作者： Samuel j.CUSWORTH william j.DAVIES Martin R.MCAINSH Carly j.STEVENS Weilu WANG Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK The Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Plastic pollution is global concern, affecting most aspects of global food production systems. Plasticulture, a practice used in agriculture to improve crop quality and quantity, among other factors, is a significant source of plastic pollution. This review examines the extent of plasticulture in China, the implications of the practice across decades of use and the legislative instruments used to resolve those issues. It briefly assesses the effectiveness of these policies and proposes possible future innovations to promote increases in long-term food and eco-security, where sustainable plasticulture is a key agent for change. While plasticulture has increased agricultural productivity in growth-limiting conditions, plastic pollution in agricultural soils has become acute in China. Consequently, plastic pollution is having deleterious effects on soil health and in turn, crop productivity in China. Plastic pollution in agriculture is a multifaceted issue and so proposed solutions should be informed by this complexity. Current measures do not reflect a holistic approach to solving this socioecological challenge and adopt a top-down approach, with little or no supportive mechanisms. Future recommendations need to consider the particular set of conditions that influence the production, use and end-of-life management of agriplastics,specific to the environmental, economic and social conditions in each location.

关键词： Circular plastics economy crop production food security plastic pollution sustainable plasticulture

Using Inductance as a Tuning Parameter for RF Meta-atoms

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Nano-Micro Letters 2012年第2期4卷 103-109页

作者： Derrick Langley Ronald A.Coutu Peter j.collins Air Force Institute of Technology Wright-Patterson Air Force Base

The resonant frequency of metamaterials structured with split ring resonator(SRR) meta-atoms is determined primarily through the capacitance and inductance of the individual meta-atoms. Two designs that vary inductance incrementally were modeled, simulated, fabricated, and tested to investigate the role inductance plays in metamaterial designs. The designs consisted of strategically adding sections to the SRR to increase the inductance, but in a manner that minimized capacitance variations. Each design showed a shift in resonant frequency that was proportional to the length of the added section. As the length of each section was increased, the resonant frequency shifted from 2.78 GHz to 2.18 GHz.

关键词： Inductance Meta-atom Metamaterial Split Ring Resonator Radio Frequency Resonance