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Influence of visual targets and landmarks on honey bee foraging and waggle dancing

2006年

作者： Michael gray

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Insect Science 2020年第2期27卷 349-360页

作者： Bahram Kheradmand Julian Cassano Selena gray James C.Nieh Division of Biological Sciences Section of EcologyBehavior&EvolutionUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA

Animals use diverse sensory stimuli to navigate their environment and to recognize rewarding food *** bees use visual atributes of the targeted food source,such as its color,shape,size,direction and distance from the hive,and the landmarks around it to navigate during *** transmit the location information of the food source to other bees if it is highly *** investigate the relative importance of these attributes,we trained bees to feeders in two different *** the first experiment,we asked whether bees prefer to land on(a)a similar feeder at a different distance on the same heading or on(b)a visually distinct feeder located at the exact same *** found that,within a short foraging range,bees relied heavily on the color and the shape of the food source and to a lesser extent on its distance from the *** the second experiment,we asked if moving the main landmark or the feeder(visual target)influenced recruitment dancing for the *** found that foragers took longer to land and danced fewer circuits when the location of the food source,or a major landmark associated with it,*** results demonstrate that prominent visual atributes of food sources and landmarks are evidently more reliable than distance information and that foraging bees heavily utilize these visual cues at the later stages of their journey.

关键词： Apis mellifera foraging leaning navigation visual orientation

Estimating upper stem diameters and volume of Douglas-fir and Western hemlock trees in the Pacific northwest

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第3期5卷 199-210页

作者： Krishna P.Poudel Hailemariam Temesgen Andrew N.gray Department of Forest Engineering Resources and Management College of Forestry Oregon State University USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station

Background: Volume and taper equations are essential for obtaining estimates of total and merchantable stem volume. Taper functions provide advantages to merchantable volume equations because they estimate diameter inside or outside bark at specific heights on the stem, enabling the estimation of total and merchantable stem volume, volume of individual logs, and a height at a given ***: Using data collected from 1218 trees(1093 Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirbel) Franco) and 125 western hemlock(Tsuga heterophylla)), we evaluated the performance of one simple polynomial function and four variable-exponent taper functions in predicting upper stem diameter. Sample trees were collected from different parts of the states of Oregon, Washington, and California. We compared inside-bark volume estimates obtained from the selected taper equation with estimates obtained from a simple logarithmic volume equation for the data obtained in this study and the equations used by the Forest Inventory and Analysis program in the Pacific Northwest(FIA-PNW) in the state of California and western half of the states of Oregon and ***: Variable exponent taper equations were generally better than the simple polynomial taper *** FIA-PNW volume equations performed fairly well but volume equations with fewer parameters fitted in this study provided comparable results. The RMSE obtained from taper-based volume estimates were also comparable with the RMSE of the FIA-PNW volume equations for Douglas-fir and western hemlock trees ***: The taper equations fitted in this study provide added benefit to the users over the FIA-PNW volume equations by enabling the users to predict diameter at any height, height to a given diameter, and merchantable volume in addition to cubic volume including top and stump(CVTS) of Douglas-fir and western hemlock trees in the Pacific Northwest. The findings of this study also give more confidence to the use

关键词： Pacific northwest Biomass equations Utilization standards Diameter inside bark

Cellular senescence in musculoskeletal homeostasis,diseases,and regeneration

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Bone Research 2021年第4期9卷 444-455页

作者： Mei Wan Elise F.gray-Gaillard Jennifer H.Elisseeff Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Translational Tissue Engineering Center Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA

Emerging insights into cellular senescence highlight the relevance of senescence in musculoskeletal disorders,which represent the leading global cause of *** senescence was initially described by Hayflick et *** 1961 as an irreversible nondividing state in in vitro cell culture *** now know that cellular senescence can occur in vivo in response to various stressors as a heterogeneous and tissue-specific cell state with a secretome phenotype acquired after the initial growth *** the past two decades,compelling evidence from preclinical models and human data show an accumulation of senescent cells in many components of the musculoskeletal *** senescence is therefore a defining feature of age-related musculoskeletal disorders,and targeted elimination of these cells has emerged recently as a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate tissue damage and promote repair and regeneration of the skeleton and skeletal *** this review,we summarize evidence of the role of senescent cells in the maintenance of bone homeostasis during childhood and their contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic musculoskeletal disorders,including osteoporosis,osteoarthritis,and *** highlight the diversity of the senescent cells in the microenvironment of bone,joint,and skeletal muscle tissue,as well as the mechanisms by which these senescent cells are involved in musculoskeletal *** addition,we discuss how identifying and targeting senescent cells might positively affect pathologic progression and musculoskeletal system regeneration.

关键词： skeletal homeostasis dividing

Myosin XI Is Required for Actin-Associated Movement of Plastid Stromules

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1262-1272页

作者： Senthil Kumar A. Natesan James A. Sullivan John C. gray Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EA UK Present address: Sir william Dunn School of Pathology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RE UK Present address: School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK

Stromules are highly dynamic stroma-filled tubules extending from the surface of plastids and occasionally interconnecting individual plastids, allowing the movement of complex biological molecules between the interconnected plastids. Experiments with inhibitors of cytoskeleton assembly have indicated the involvement of an actin-based system in stromule movement. However, the motor protein associated with the system had not been identified. Here, we present direct evidence that myosin XI is involved in the formation and movement of stromules in tobacco leaves. Application of 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime, an inhibitor of myosin ATPase activity, resulted in the loss of stromules from tobacco leaf epidermal cells. Transient RNA interference of myosin XI in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana also resulted in the loss of stromules from epidermal cells, without any effect on transcripts for actin or myosin VIII. Transient expression of a GFP- tagged myosin XI tail domain in tobacco leaf epidermal cells showed that the fusion protein localized to the chloroplast envelope, as well as to mitochondria and other organelles. Our findings identify myosin XI as a key protein involved in the formation and movement of stromules.

关键词： Chloroplast biology cytoskeleton organelle biogenesis/function tobacco.

Agglomerate behavior in a recirculating fluidized bed with sheds： Effect of ring baffles

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Particuology 2018年第3期16卷 143-151页

作者： Francisco J. Sanchez Careaga Cedric Briens Franco Berruti Jennifer McMillan Murray gray Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources Western University 22312 Wonderland Rd. Hderton ON NO M2AO Canada Edmonton Research Centre Syncrude Canada Ltd 9421 17th Ave Edmonton AB T6N 1H4 Canada The Petroleum Institute PO Box 2533 Abu Dhabi UAE

The radioactive particle tracking technique was used to study the effect of internal ring baffles on wet agglomerate motion inside a cold flow recirculating fluidized bed. The study found that using such a baffle on its own or above the regular sheds helps reduce the fouling of the stripper section by increasing the residence time that the agglomerates spend above the baffle, thereby reducing the release of the vapors below the baffles that cause fouling of the sheds. Adding down-comers, or flux tubes, to the ring baffles degrades the performance of the baffles, Reducing the length of the flux tubes, so that they do not reach the bottom of the baffle lip results in a further degradation in baffle performance.

关键词： Radioactive particle tracking Fluidized bed Fluid coker Baffles

Homopteran Vector Biomarkers for Efficient Circulative Plant Virus Transmission are Conserved in Multiple Aphid Species and the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 249-262页

作者： Michelle Cilia Michael Bereman Tara Fish Michael J MacCoss stewart gray USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health Tower Road Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Genome Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195-5065 USA

Plant viruses in the families Luteoviridae and Geminiviridae are phloem restricted and are transmitted in a persistent,circulative manner by homopteran *** fluorescence 2-D difference gel electrophoresis to compare the proteomes of F2 genotypes of Schizaphis graminum segregating for virus transmission ability,we recently discovered a panel of protein biomarkers that predict vector *** we used aphid and whitefly nucleotide and expressed sequence tag database mining to test whether these biomarkers are conserved in other homopteran *** gene homologs that shared a high degree of predicted amino acid identity were discovered in two other aphid species and in the whitefly Bemisia *** reaction monitoring mass spectrometry was used to validate the expression of these biomarkers proteins in multiple aphid vector *** conservation of these proteins in multiple insect taxa that transmit plant viruses along the circulative transmission pathway creates the opportunity to use these biomarkers to rapidly identify insect populations that are the most efficient vectors and allow them to be targeted for control prior to the spread of virus within a crop.

关键词： aphid whitefly Schizaphis graminum Bemisia tabaci Acyrthosiphon pisum Toxoptera citricida Myzuspersicae proteomics biomarker circulative transmission begomovirus luteovirus geminivirus leaflaopper,selected reaction monitoring SRM mass spectrometry targeted proteomics Skyline

Wireless data management system for environmental monitoring in livestock buildings

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2017年第1期4卷 1-17页

作者： James gray Thomas M.Banhazi Alexander A.Kist Faculty of Health Engineering and SciencesUniversity of Southern Queensland(USQ)West StreetToowoombaQLD 4350Australia National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture(NCEA) University of Southern Queensland(USQ)West StreetToowoombaQLD 4350Australia

The impact of air quality on the health,welfare and productivity of livestock needs to be considered,especially when livestock are kept in enclosed *** monitoring of such environmental factors allows for the development of appropriate strategies to reduce detrimental effects of sub-optimal air quality on the respiratory health of both livestock and *** 2009,an environmental monitoring system was designed,developed and tested that allowed for the monitoring of a number of airborne *** limitation of the system was the manual collection of logged data from each *** paper identifies limitations of the current environmental monitoring system and suggests a range of networking technologies that can be used to increase *** is taken for the networking of environmental monitoring units,as well as the collection of recorded ***,the design and development of a software system that is used to collate and store recorded environmental data from multiple farms is *** order to design such a system,simplified software engineering processes and methodologies have been *** main steps taken in order to complete the project were requirements elicitation with clients,requirements analysis,system design,implementation and finally *** outcome of the project provided a potential prototype for improving the environmental monitoring system and analysis informing the benefit of the implementation.

关键词： Sensors Environmental monitoring Networking Software engineering

Shifting equilibriums in Alzheimer’s disease: the complex roles of microglia in neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1208-1219页

作者： Sophie C. gray Kerri J. Kinghorn Nathaniel S. Woodling Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London

Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of *** increased prevalence in developed countries,due to the sharp rise in ageing populations,presents one of the costliest challenges to modern *** order to find disease-modifying therapies to confront this challenge,a more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is *** studies have revealed increasing evidence for the roles played by microglia,the resident innate immune system cells of the *** the well-established roles of microglia in reacting to pathogens and inflammatory stimuli,there is now a growing literature describing both protective and detrimental effects for individual cytokines and chemokines produced by microglia in Alzheimer's disease.A smaller but increasing number of studies have also addressed the divergent roles played by microglial neurotrophic and neurogenic factors,and how their perturbation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's *** we review recent findings on the roles played by microglia in neuroinflammation,neuronal survival and neurogenesis in Alzheimer's *** each case,landmark studies have provided evidence for the divergent ways in which microglia can either promote neuronal function and survival,or perturb neuronal function,leading to cell *** many cases,the secreted molecules of microglia can lead to divergent effects depending on the magnitude and context of microglial *** suggests that microglial functions must be maintained in a fine equilibrium,in order to support healthy neuronal function,and that the cellular microenvironment in the Alzheimer's disease brain disrupts this fine balance,leading to ***,an understanding of microglial homeostasis,both in health and across the trajectory of the disease state,will improve our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease,and will hopefully lead to the development of microglial-base

关键词： adult neurogenesis Alzheimer's disease IGF-1 microglia neuroinflammation Trem2

Insight into the effects of electrochemical factors on host-guest interaction induced signature events in a biological nanopore

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纳米技术与精密工程（英文） 2020年第1期3卷 2-8页

作者： XiaojunWei Zehui Zhang XiaoqinWang Brian Lenhart Roberto Gambarini Jonathan gray Chang Liu Biomedical Engineering Program University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

The signature events caused by host-guest interactions in the nanopore system can be used as a novel and characteristic signal in quantitative detection and analysis of various ***,the effect of several electrochemical factors on the host-guest interactions in nanopore still remains ***,we systematically studied host-guest interactions,especially oscillation of DNA-azide adamantane@cucurbit[6]inα-Hemolysin nanopore under varying pH,concentration of electrolytes and counterions(Li+,Na+,K+).Our results indicate correlations between the change of pH and the duration of the oscillation *** addition,the asymmetric electrolyte concentration and the charge of the counterions affects the frequency of signature events in oscillation signals,and even the integrity of the protein *** study provides insight into the design of a future biosensing platform based on signature oscillation signals of the host-guest interaction within a nanopore.

关键词： Nanopore Host-guest interaction Biosensors Electrochemistry