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2024 Adult Compe.dium of Physical Activitie.:A third update.of the.e.e.gy costs of human activitie.

Journal of Sport and He.lth Scie.ce 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Ste.he. D.He.rmann e.ik A.Willis Barbara e.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barre.ra Mary Haste.t Che.se. L.Kracht John M.Schuna jr. Zhe.ghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine.Tudor-Locke.Me.icia C.Whitt-Glove. David R. Jacobs jr. Kansas Ce.te. for Me.abolism and Obe.ity Re.e.rch University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and We.ght Manage.e.t Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Ce.te. for He.lth Promotion and Dise.se.Pre.e.tion University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Colle.e.of He.lth Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of e.e.cise.and He.lth Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China e.e.cise.Scie.ce.De.artme.t Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Scie.ce. Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of e.e.cise.and Sport Scie.ce Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Colle.e.of He.lth and Human Se.vice. University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Grame.cy Re.e.rch Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of e.ide.iology and Community He.lth School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The.Compe.dium of Physical Activitie. was publishe. in 1993 to improve.the.comparability of e.e.gy e.pe.diture.value. assigne. to se.f-re.orte. physical activity(PA)across *** original ve.sion was update. in 2000,and again in 2011,and has be.n wide.y use. to support PA re.e.rch,practice.and public he.lth ***:This 2024 update.was tailore. for adults 19-59 ye.rs of age.by re.oving data from those.60 *** a syste.atic re.ie. and supple.e.tary se.rche.,we.ide.tifie. ne. activitie. and the.r associate. me.sure. me.abolic e.uivale.t(Me.)value.(using indire.t calorime.ry)publishe. since.*** re.lace. e.timate. Me.s with me.sure. value. whe. ***:We.scre.ne. 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-te.t pape.s and e.tracte. 2356 PA e.e.gy e.pe.diture.value. from 701 *** adde.303 ne. PAs and adjuste. 176 e.isting Me. value. and de.criptions to re.le.t the.addition of ne. data and re.oval of Me.s for olde. *** adde. a Major He.ding(Vide. Game.).The.2024 Adult Compe.dium include. 1114 PAs(912 with me.sure. and 202 with e.timate. value.)across 22 Major ***:This compre.e.sive.update.and re.ine.e.t le. to the.cre.tion of The.2024 Adult Compe.dium,which has utility across re.e.rch,public he.lth,e.ucation,and he.lthcare.domains,as we.l as in the.de.e.opme.t of consume. he.lth *** ne. we.site.with the.comple.e.lists of PAs and supporting re.ource. is available.at https://***.

关键词： Adults e.e.gy e.pe.diture e.e.cise Me. Physical Activitie.

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Climate.bonds toward achie.ing ne. ze.o e.issions and carbon ne.trality:e.ide.ce.from machine.le.rning te.hnique

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Journal of Manage.e.t Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring 2024年第1期9卷 1-15页

作者： He.mas Abudu Pre.le. K.We.se. jr. Boqiang Lin Colle.e.of Ove.se.s e.ucation Chengdu UniversityChengdu610106SichuanChina School of Manage.e.t China Institute for Studies in Energy PolicyCollaborative Innovation Center for Energy Economics and Energy PolicyXiamen UniversityFujian361005China Ce.te. for African De.e.opme.t Strate.y(CFADS) MonroviaLiberia

The.Confe.e.ce.of the.Partie.(COP26 and 27)place. significant e.phasis on climate.financing policie. with the.obje.tive.of achie.ing ne. ze.o e.issions and carbon ***,studie. on the.imple.e.tation of this policy proposition are.*** addre.s this gap in the.lite.ature.this study e.ploys machine.le.rning te.hnique.,spe.ifically natural language.proce.sing(NLP),to e.amine.77 climate.bond(CB)policie. from 32 countrie. within the.conte.t of climate.*** findings indicate.that“sustainability”and“carbon e.issions control”are.the.most outline. policy obje.tive. in the.e.CB ***,the.study highlights that most CB funds are.inve.te. toward e.e.gy proje.ts(i.e.,re.e.able.cle.n,and e.ficie.t initiative.).Howe.e.,the.e.has be.n a notable.shift in the.allocation of CB funds from climate.frie.dly e.e.gy proje.ts to the.construction se.tor be.we.n 2015 and *** shift raise. conce.ns about the.pote.tial re.ire.tion of funds from climate.focuse. inve.tme.ts to the.re.l e.tate.industry,pote.tially le.ding to the.gre.nwashing of climate.***,policy se.time.t analysis re.e.le. that a minority of policie. hold ske.tical vie.s on climate.change.which may ne.ative.y influe.ce.climate.***,the.findings highlight that the.e.fe.tive.imple.e.tation of CB policie. de.e.ds on policy goals,obje.tive.,and ***,this study contribute. to the.lite.ature.by e.ploying NLP te.hnique. to unde.stand policy se.time.ts in climate.financing.

关键词： Climate.bonds funds utilization Climate.bonds policy te.t mining Machine.le.rning te.hnique Ne. ze.o e.issions Policy se.time.t analysis

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A brie. history of the.Compe.dium of Physical Activitie.

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Journal of Sport and He.lth Scie.ce 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara e.Ainsworth Ste.he. D.He.rmann David R.Jacobs jr. Me.icia C.Whitt-Glove. Catrine.Tudor-Locke School of e.e.cise.and He.lth Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Colle.e.of He.lth Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas Ce.te. for Me.abolism and Obe.ity Re.e.rch University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of e.ide.iology and Community He.lth University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Grame.cy Re.e.rch Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Colle.e.of He.lth and Human Se.vice. University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The.Compe.dium of Physical Activitie.(Compe.dium)was de.e.ope. to addre.s consiste.t assignme.t of physical activity(PA)inte.sity value. use. in PA e.ide.iology re.e.rch of the.association be.we.n PA and he.lth outcome..1The.known prote.tive.e.fe.ts of PA on incide.t he.lth outcome. trace. to the.mid-1900s,with ove. 50 studie. e.amining coronary he.rt dise.se.CHD)as the.outcome.of inte.e.t.

关键词： e.ide.iology Activitie. prote.tive

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The.de.ive.y of N-myc downstre.m-re.ulate. ge.e.2(NDRG2)se.f-amplifying mRNA via modifie. lipid nanoparticle. as a pote.tial tre.tme.t for drug-re.istant and me.astatic cance.s

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Me.ical Re.ie. 2024年第3期4卷 235-238页

作者： Sandra e.Re.nik Amit K.Tiwari Vive. Chavda Charle. R.Ashby jr. De.artme.t of Pharmace.tical Scie.ce. College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt.John’s UniversityQueensUSA De.artme.ts of Pathology and Obste.rics and Gyne.ology and Wome.’s He.lth Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUSA De.artme.t of Pharmace.tical Scie.ce. College of Pharmacy University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little RockUSA De.artme.t of Pharmace.tics and Pharmace.tical Te.hnology L.M.Colle.e.of Pharmacy AhmedabadIndia De.artme.t of Pharmace.tical Scie.ce. College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt.John’s UniversityQueensNY 11439USA

The.prote.n,N-myc downstre.m-re.ulate. ge.e.2(NDRG2),a tumor suppre.sor,is significantly de.re.se. or abse.t in many type. of *** is a significant ne.ative.corre.ation be.we.n the.le.e.s of NDRG2 and the.de.e.opme.t and progre.sion of cance. tumor re.urre.ce.and tumor invasion,in diffe.e.t *** contrast,the.in vitro and in vivo ove.e.pre.sion of the.NDRG2 prote.n de.re.se. the.prolife.ation,growth,adhe.ion and migration of many type. of cance. *** in vitro ove.e.pre.sion of NDRG2 incre.se. the.e.ficacy of ce.tain anticance. drugs in spe.ific type. of cance. *** hypothe.ize.that the.de.ive.y of the.mRNA of the.NDRG2 prote.n,e.capsulate. by lipid nanoparticle.,could re.re.e.t a pote.tial tre.tme.t of me.astatic and drug-re.istant *** would be.accomplishe. using a se.f-amplifying mRNA that e.code. the.NDRG2 prote.n and an RNA-de.e.de.t-RNA polyme.ase.obtaine. from an in vitrotranscribe.(IVT)*** IVT mRNA would be.e.capsulate. in a lipid *** e.ficacy of the.nanoformulation would be.de.e.mine. in culture. cance. ce.ls and if the.re.ults are.positive.nude.mice.transplante. with e.the. drug-re.istant or me.astatic drug-re.istant cance. ce.ls,would be.tre.te. with the.nanoformulation and monitore. for e.ficacy and adve.se.*** the.appropriate.pre.linical studie. indicate.this formulation is e.ficacious and safe.it is possible.it could be.e.aluate. in clinical trials.

关键词： N-myc downstre.m-re.ulate. ge.e.2(NDRG2) cance. se.f-amplifying mRNA nanoparticle

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Many Kinds of Re.e.ve. Judge.e.t in No-Data Proble.

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Applie. Mathe.atics 2024年第1期15卷 1-8页

作者： Houju Hori jr. Nara Community Tsubakikishi Shrine Nara Japan

The.re.e.ve. judgme.t can be.broadly cate.orize. into thre. type.: Re.Do, Re.Se., and Natural Flowing Case.(i.e. ste. by ste. in Re.Try). Hori e. al. constructe. the.Baye.-Fuzzy e.timation and de.onstrate. that syste. the.ry can be.applie. to the.possibility of Markov proce.se., and that de.ision-making approache. can be.applie. to se.ue.tial Baye. e.timation. In this pape., we.focus on the.Natural Flowing Case.within re.e.ve. judgme.t. He.e. the.possibility of oblique.(or principal) factor rotation is conside.e. as a part of the.tande. fuzzy syste. that follows ste. by ste. for se.ue.tial Baye. e.timation. Ultimate.y, we.achie.e.a significant re.ult whe.e.y the.e.pe.te. utility can be.calculate. automatically without the.ne.d to construct a utility function for re.e.ve. judgme.t. The.e. this utility in Re.Do can be.calculate. by the.prior utility, and that utility in Re.se. doe. not e.ist by our re.e.rch in this pape.. Finally, we.e.ucidate.the.re.ationship be.we.n fuzzy syste. the.ry and fuzzy de.ision the.ry through an applie. e.ample.of Baye.-Fuzzy the.ry. Fuzzy e.timation can be.applie. to only normal making de.ision, but it is impossible.to apply abnormal de.ision proble.. Our Vague. spe.ially Type.2 Vague.can be.applie. to abnormal case. too.

关键词： Baye.-Fuzzy e.timation Re.Do Re.Se. Indiffe.e.t Zone Re.e.ve. Judge.e.t

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Olde. Adult Compe.dium of Physical Activitie.:e.e.gy costs of human activitie. in adults age. 60 and olde.

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Journal of Sport and He.lth Scie.ce 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： e.ik A.Willis Ste.he. D.He.rmann Mary Haste.t Che.se. L.Kracht Tiago V.Barre.ra John M.Schuna jr. Zhe.ghua Cai Minghui Quan Scott A.Conge. We.dy J.Brown Barbara e.Ainsworth Ce.te. for He.lth Promotion and Dise.se.Pre.e.tion University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Ce.te. for Me.abolism and Obe.ity Re.e.rch The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and We.ght Manage.e.t Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Scie.ce.Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA e.e.cise.Scie.ce.De.artme.t Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of e.e.cise.Sport Scie.ce Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of e.e.cise.and He.lth Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China De.artme.t of Kine.iology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Move.e.t and Nutrition Scie.ce. The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of He.lth Scie.ce. and Me.icine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia Colle.e.of He.lth Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose.To de.cribe.the.de.e.opme.t of a Compe.dium for e.timating the.e.e.gy costs of activitie. in adults>60 ye.rs(OA Compe.dium).Me.hods:Physical activitie.(PAs)and the.r me.abolic e.uivale.t of task(Me.)value. we.e.obtaine. from a syste.atic se.rch of studie. publishe. in 4 sport and e.e.cise.database.(PubMe.,e.base.SPORTDiscus(e.SCOhost),and Scopus)and a re.ie. of article. include. in the.2011 Adult Compe.dium that me.sure. PA in olde. *** value. we.e.compute. as the.oxyge. cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divide. by 2.7 m L/kg/min(Me._(60+))to account for the.lowe. re.ting me.abolic rate.in olde. ***:We.ide.tifie. 68 article. and e.tracte. e.e.gy e.pe.diture.data on 427 *** the.e.we.de.ive. 99 unique.Spe.ific Activity code. with corre.ponding Me._(60+)value. for olde. *** de.e.ope. a we.site.to pre.e.t the.OA Compe.dium Me._(60+)value.:https://***:The.OA Compe.dium use. data colle.te. from adults>60 ye.rs for more.accurate.e.timation of the.e.e.gy cost of PAs in olde. *** is an acce.sible.re.ource.that will allow re.e.rche.s,e.ucators,and practitione.s to find Me._(60+)value. for olde. adults for use.in PA re.e.rch and practice.

关键词： e.e.gy e.pe.diture e.e.cise Me. Olde. adults

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Re.ort for Type.2 Baye.-Fuzzy e.timation in No-Data Proble.

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Applie. Mathe.atics 2024年第1期15卷 46-50页

作者： Houju Hori jr. Kazuhisa Take.ura Yukio Matsumoto Nara Cmmunity Tsubakikishi Shrine Nara Japan De.artme.t of Psychology Waseda University Tokyo Japan The.Institute.of Mathe.atical Statistics Tachikawa Japan

It is we.l known that the.syste. (1 + 1) can be.une.ual to 2, be.ause.this syste. has both obse.vation e.ror and syste. e.ror. Furthe.more. we.must provide.our muste.e. se.vice.within our cool he.d and warm he.rt, whe.e.two state. of nature.are.e.isting upon us. Any syste. is re.arde. as the.two-dime.sional variable.e.ror mode.. On the.othe. hand, we.conside. that the.fuzzine.s is e.isting in this syste.. Though we.can usually obtain the.fuzzy numbe. from the.possibility the.ry, it is not fuzzy but possibility, be.ause.the.possibility function is as same.as the.like.ihood function, and we.can obtain the.possibility me.sure.by the.maximal like.ihood me.hod (i.e. max product me.hod propose. by Dr. Hide. Tanaka). The.e.ore. Fuzzy is re.arde. as the.only one.case.according to Vague. which has both some.state.of nature.in this world and anothe. state.of nature.in the.othe. world. He.e. we.can conside. that Type.1 Vague.e.e.t in othe. world can be.obtaine. by mapping and translating from Type.1 fuzzy e.e.t in this world. We.name. this e.timation as Type.1 Baye.-Fuzzy e.timation. Whe. the.Vague.e.e.ts we.e.abnormal (e.. unde. War), we.ne.d to conside. that anothe. world could e.ist around othe. world. In this case. we.call it Type.2 Baye.-Fuzzy e.timation. Whe.e.Hori e. al. constructe. the.stochastic diffe.e.t e.uation upon Type.1 Vague.e.e.ts, along with the.ge.e.al following probabilistic introduction me.hod from the.single.re.re.sion mode., multi-re.re.sion mode., AR mode., Markov (de.ision) proce.s, to the.stochastic diffe.e.t e.uation. Furthe.more. we.showe. that the.syste. the.ry approach is Possibility Markov Proce.s, and that the.making de.ision approach is Se.ue.tial Baye. e.timation, too. Afte. all, Type.1 Bays-Fuzzy e.timation is the.spe.ial case.in Baye. e.timation, be.ause.the.pare.o solutions can e.ist in two stochastic diffe.e.t e.uations upon Type.2 Vague.e.e.ts, afte. we.ignore.one.e.uation e.ch othe. (note.that this is Type.1 case., we.can obtain both its

关键词： Baye.-Fuzzy e.timation Possibility Markov Proce.s Possibility Re.e.ve. Judge.e.t

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Optimal e.cape.the.ry pre.icts e.cape.be.aviors be.ond flight initiation distance.risk asse.sme.t and e.cape.by stripe. plate.u lizards Sce.oporus virgatus

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Curre.t Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 123-131页

作者： william e. coope. jr. De.artme.t of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne

e.cape.the.ry pre.icts that flight initiation distance.（FID = distance.be.we.n pre.ator and pre. whe. e.cape.be.ins） is longe. whe. risk is gre.te. and shorte. whe. e.cape.is more.costly. A fe. te.ts sugge.t that e.cape.the.ry applie. to distance.fle.. e.cape.mode.s have.not addre.se. stochastic variable., such as probability of fle.ing and of e.te.ing re.uge. but the.r e.onomic logic might be.applicable. e.pe.ime.ts on se.e.al risk factors in the.lizard Sce.oporus virgatus confirme. all pre.ictions for the.above.e.cape.variable.. FID was gre.te. whe. approach was faste. and more.dire.t, for lizards on ground than on tre.s, for lizards rare.y e.pose. to humans, for the.se.ond of two approache., and whe. the.pre.ator turne. toward lizards rathe. than away. Lizards fle. furthe. during rapid and se.ond conse.utive.approache.. The. we.e.more.like.y to fle. whe. approache. dire.tly, whe. a pre.ator turne. toward the., and during se.ond approache.. The. we.e.more.like.y to e.te. re.uge.whe. approache. rapidly. A nove. finding is that pe.ch he.ght in tre.s was unre.ate. to FID be.ause.lizards e.cape. by moving out of sight, the. moving up or down unpre.ictably. The.e.findings add to a growing body of e.ide.ce.supporting pre.ictions of e.cape.the.ry for FID and distance.fle.. The. show that two probabilistic aspe.ts of e.cape.are.pre.ictable.base. on re.ative.pre.ation risk le.e.s. Be.ause.individuals diffe. in boldne.s, the.asse.se. optimal FID and thre.hold risks for fle.ing and e.te.ing re.uge.are.e.ce.de. for an incre.sing proportion of individuals as risk incre.se.

关键词： Approach distance Distance.fle. Flight initiation distance Pre.ation risk Re.uge.e.try Squamata

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From the.dust:e.trace.lular ve.icle. as re.ulators of de.e.opme.t and ne.rore.e.e.ation

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Ne.ral Re.e.e.ation Re.e.rch 2024年第5期19卷 933-934页

作者： Le.n G.Cole.an jr The.Unive.sity of North Carolina at Chape. Hill School of MedicineDepartment of PharmacologyBowles Center for Alcohol StudiesChapel HillNCUSA

First impre.sions can have.a lasting *** scie.ce.this can be.e.pe.ially proble.atic,be.ause.our lack of unde.standing ofte. cause. us to mislabe. and thus ignore.important biological *** this ve.n,e.trace.lular ve.icle.(e.s)we.e.once.conside.e. to be.ce.lular dust”.Similar to the.pre.ious conce.t of“junk DNA”to de.cribe.prote.n non-coding re.ions,e.s are.far more.than just ce.lular *** fact,e.s are.e.e.ging as ke. me.iators of intrace.lular communication across ne.rly all biological *** include. pe.iphe.al immune.re.ponse.(e.g.,arthropathie. and se.sis),intra-organ communication(Se.m e. al.,2023),and a host of othe. physiological and pathological state.(Figure.1A and B).

关键词： Figure e.trace.lular

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Choosing be.we.n a rock and a hard place. Camouflage.in the.round-taile. horne. lizard Phrynosoma mode.tum

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Curre.t Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 541-548页

作者： william e. coope., jr. Wade.C. SHe.BROOKe De.artme.t of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA Southwe.te.n Re.e.rch Station American Museum of Natural History PO Box 16553 Portal AZ 85632 USA

The.round-taile. home. lizard Phrynosoma mode.tum is cryptically colore. and re.e.ble. a small stone.whe. it draws le.s close.to its body and e.e.ate. its back. We.inve.tigate. e.fe.tive.e.s of camouflage.in P. mode.tum and its de.e.de.ce.on stone. by placing a lizard in one.of two microhabitats （uniform sand or sand with surface.rocks approximate.y the.same.size.as lizards）. An obse.ve. who kne. which microhabitat containe. the.lizard was aske. to locate.the.lizard visually. Late.cy to de.e.- tion was longe. and probability of no de.e.tion within 60 s was highe. for lizards on rock background than on bare.sand. In are.as whe.e.lizards could choose.to occupy rock or bare.sand, much highe. proportions se.e.te. rocky backgrounds throughout the.day; at night all lizards sle.t among stone.. A unique.posture.give. P mode.tum a rounde. appe.rance.similar to many natural stone.. Lizards occasionally adopte. the.posture. but none.did so in re.ponse.to a ne.rby e.pe.ime.te.. Stimuli that e.icit the.posture.are.unknown. That P. mode.tum is be.te. camouflage. among rocks than on bare.sand and pre.e.s to occupy rocky are.s sugge.ts that spe.ial re.e.blance.to rocks （masque.ade. e.hance. camouflage.attributable.to coloration and immobility.

关键词： Animal de.e.se Background matching Camouflage Crypsis Masque.ade Squamata

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