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Contributions of biofilm and suspended sludge to nitrogen transformation and nitrous oxide emission in hybrid sequencing batch system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 953-960页

作者： Ingwei Wayne Lo Kwang Victor Lo Don S Mavinic dean Shiskowski william Ramey Department of Civil Engineering University of British Columbia Associated Engineering Ltd. Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of British Columbia

Hybrid system combines the nature of suspended growth and attached growth has been widely applied to wastewater treatment. In this research, the contributions to N transformation and N2O emission by biofilm and suspended sludge in the hybrid sequencing- batch reactor for a simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal process were investigated. For the hybrid system, nitrification occurred mostly in the suspended sludge, while the biofilm played the major role in denitrification. The interaction of the biofilm and the suspended sludge in the same reactor resulted in a better overall nitrogen removal performance with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. However, N2O emission was the main end product of nitrogen removal for the hybrid system; while it was N2 for the biofilm. The relative low N2O emissions from the pure biofilm and the pure suspended sludge corresponded to the relatively high nitrate at the end of the aeration period compared with the hybrid system.

关键词： N2O emission biofilm suspended sludge hybrid system

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Effects of miR-219/miR-338 on microglia and astrocyte behaviors and astrocyte-oligodendrocyte precursor cell interactions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第4期15卷 739-747页

作者： Lan Huong Nguyen william Ong Kai Wang Mingfeng Wang dean Nizetic Sing Yian Chew School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore Blizard Institute Barts&The London School of MedicineQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation(SynCTI) Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore

MiR-219 and miR-338(miR-219/miR-338)are oligodendrocyte-specific *** overexpression of these miRs in oligodendrocyte precursor cells promotes their differentiation and maturation into oligodendrocytes,which may enhance axonal remyelination after nerve injuries in the central nervous system(CNS).As such,the delivery of miR-219/miR-338 to the CNS to promote oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation,maturation and myelination could be a promising approach for nerve ***,nerve injuries in the CNS also involve other cell types,such as microglia and ***,we investigated the effects of miR-219/miR-338 treatment on microglia and astrocytes in vitro and in *** found that miR-219/miR-338 diminished microglial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed astrocyte *** addition,we showed that miR-219/miR-338 enhanced oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and maturation in a scratch assay paradigm that re-created a nerve injury condition in ***,our results suggest miR-219/miR-338 as a promising treatment for axonal remyelination in the CNS following nerve *** experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC),Nanyang Technological University(approval No.A0309 and A0333)on April 27,2016 and October 8,2016.

关键词： central nervous system electrospinning gene silencing glia hydrogel myelination nanofibers oligodendroglial polycaprolactone spinal cord injury

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Regioselective oxidation of tetracycline by permanganate through alternating susceptible moiety and increasing electron donating ability

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第1期32卷 281-288页

作者： Xiaohua Jiang william AJefferson dean Song Hanyang Cheng Fengmin Li Zhimin Qiang Aiqian Zhang Huijuan Liu Jiuhui Qu College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Tobacco Tobacco Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao 266101China Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Enuironmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Permanganate has attracted much attention in wide range of chemistry and particularly in degradation of environmental ***,few studies have discussed the feature of regioselective reactivity of permanganate with specific moiety of the target ***,we studied the reaction between permanganate and tetracycline that is an emerging micropollutant with different species containing several electron-rich *** second-order rate constants increased from 6.0 to 9.0 and could be quantitatively modeled by considering the speciation of both reactants,yielding kTC0=11.7(mol/L)^-1 sec^-1,kTC-=35.7(mol/L)^-1 sec^-1,kTC2-=43.1(mol/L)^-1 sec^-1 for individual reaction *** products were then identified as the hydroxylated and demethylated *** result suggested a rate-limiting step of simple hydroxylation at the phenolic and/or alkene moieties,while the demethylation should be caused by the unavoidably formed manganese oxide via single electron *** is supported by the DFT calculation,indicating the primary oxidation of phenolic group of TC0 with activation barrier of 44.5 kcal/mol and of alkene group of TC-and TC2-with activation barriers of 44.0 and 43.4 kcal/mol,*** is in agreement with the experimental results,implying the alternation of regioselectivity associated with the deprotonation *** result was further supported by performing the Fukui function and electrostatic potential analysis,reflecting the more probable site and better electron donating tendency beneficial to the permanganate oxidation.

关键词： Permanganate oxidation of tetracycline Regioselective reactivity Rate-limiting hydroxylation step Altered susceptible moiety Increased electronegativity

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Tackling heterogeneity in treatment-resistant breast cancer using a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第4期5卷 917-925页

作者： Leroy Lowe J.william LaValley dean W.Felsher Getting to Know Cancer(NGO) TruroNova Scotia B2N 1X5Canada Wellness Plan MD Ltd AustinTX 78759USA Division of Oncology Departments of Medicine and PathologyStanford UniversityCA CCSR 1105USA.

Tumor heterogeneity can contribute to the development of therapeutic resistance in cancer, including advancedbreast cancers. The object of the Halifax project was to identify new treatments that would address mechanisms oftherapeutic resistance through tumor heterogeneity by uncovering combinations of therapeutics that could targetthe hallmarks of cancer rather than focusing on individual gene products. A taskforce of 180 cancer researchers,used molecular profiling to highlight key targets responsible for each of the hallmarks of cancer and then findexisting therapeutic agents that could be used to reach those targets with limited toxicity. In many cases, naturalhealth products and re-purposed pharmaceuticals were identified as potential agents. Hence, by combining themolecular profiling of tumors with therapeutics that target the hallmark features of cancer, the heterogeneity ofadvanced-stage breast cancers can be addressed.

关键词： Breast cancer chemoresistance drug resistance targeted therapy

Denitrification from nitrogen-fixing biologically crusted soils in a cool desert environment,southeast Utah,USA

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 156-164页

作者： Nichole N Barger Sarah C Castle Gavin N dean Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoCampus Box 334BoulderCO 80309-0334USA Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA.

Introduction:Nitrogen fixation by microorganisms within biological soil crust(“biocrust”)communities provides an important pathway for N inputs in cool desert environments where soil nutrients are low and symbiotic N-fixing plants may be *** of N fixation in biocrusts often greatly exceed that of N accretion rates leading to uncertainty regarding N loss ***:In this study we examined nitrogen fixation and denitrification rates in biocrust communities that differed in N fixation potential(low N fixation=light cyanobacterial biocrust,high N fixation=dark cyanolichen crust)at four temperature levels(10,20,30,40°C)and four simulated rainfall levels(0.05,0.2,0.6,1 cm rain events)under controlled laboratory ***:Acetylene reduction rates(AR,an index of N fixation activity)were over six-fold higher in dark crusts relative to light *** biocrusts also exhibited eight-fold higher denitrification *** was no consistent effect of temperature on denitrification rates,but there was an interactive effect of water addition and crust *** light crusts,denitrification rates increased with increasing water addition,whereas the highest denitrification rates in dark crusts were observed at the lowest level of water ***:These results suggest that there are no clear and consistent environmental controls on short-term denitrification rates in these biologically crusted *** together,estimates of denitrification from light and dark biocrusts constituted 3 and 4%of N fixation rates,respectively suggesting that losses as denitrification are not significant relative to N inputs via *** estimate is based on a previously published conversion ratio of ethylene produced to N fixed that is low(0.295),resulting in high estimates of N *** future N fixation studies in biologically crusted soils show that these ratios are closer to the theoretical 3:1 ratio,denitrification may constitute a more significant

关键词： Biological soil crust Colorado Plateau Cool desert Denitrification Nitrogen fixation Soil nitrogen cycling

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长喜欢乐英语

长喜欢乐英语 2005年第5期 57-58页

作者： william J.dean 李强

从法学院毕业后我做的第一份工作并不是当律师。经过三年的严格学习,接着就是激烈填鸭式地准备律师资格考试,我需要离开法律一段时间。于是我去波多黎各法哈多市当了一名小学校长,将我19年的学生身份变成了教师和校长。之所以这样是因... 详细信息

从法学院毕业后我做的第一份工作并不是当律师。经过三年的严格学习,接着就是激烈填鸭式地准备律师资格考试,我需要离开法律一段时间。于是我去波多黎各法哈多市当了一名小学校长,将我19年的学生身份变成了教师和校长。之所以这样是因为还在法学院上学时,我就在纽

关键词：法哈多西班牙语快乐学习一只怀表圣胡安律师考试