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Additively manufactured Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for the next-generation load-bearing implants

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 353-374页

作者： Amit Bandyopadhyay Indranath Mitra Sushant Ciliveri Jose d Avila william d.rnell Stuart B Goodman Susmita Bose W.M.Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford University Medical CenterRedwood CityCA 94063United States of America

Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adverse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.

关键词： Ti6Al4V load-bearing implants additive manufacturing 3d printing antibacterial performance

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developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 35-54页

作者： william J.dAVIES Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK

In many countries, political and environmental pressures are currently combining to generate a perfect storm of circumstances that is reducing food availability, increasing food costs and thereby reducing the availability of food to many. The UK is currently considering new national food and land management policies, and attention is also being given to legislation to address diet-related health issues. Many now argue for a revolution in UK farming practices to reduce their impact on the natural environment. The UK is not alone in facing these and other challenges. Both the contribution of agriculture to greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and the effects of climate change on food production are issues receiving worldwide *** agricultural practices can result in greater C capture, reduced GHG emissions, enhanced soil quality and enhanced biodiversity. However, it is questioned if such farming systems will be productive enough to feed a growing population with the food required for social and health benefits. To fully exploit the impact of new plant science in farmer fields, it is imperative to effectively link science to farming practices and conduct a broader conversation around the food revolution with social scientists and with the general public.

关键词： Climate resilience food security human health planetary health regenerative agriculture

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Breakdown of a Commonly Practiced Technique in Quantum Mechanics

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第5期12卷 1919-1929页

作者： Pirooz Mohazzabi william d. Parker Peter Kveton department of Mathematics and Physics University of Wisconsin-Parkside Kenosha USA

The dynamically shifted oscillator is investigated quantum mechanically, both analytically and numerically. It is shown that the commonly used method of solving the Schrödinger equation using power series results in i... 详细信息

关键词： dynamic Shift Oscillator Quantum Schrödinger Solution

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detection of onset of agglomeration in a bubbling fluidized bed biomass combustor using reactive Eulerian computational fluid dynamics

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 504-515页

作者： Abdullah Tasleem Atta Ullah Fei Li Qun Yi william Nimmo Syed Sheraz daood department of Chemical Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences(PIEAS)Lehtrar RoadP.O.Nilore45650IslamabadPakistan Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan430205China Energy Engineering Group Energy 2050Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS37RDUnited Kingdom Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering Faculty of ElectricalEnergy&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahorePakistan Energy Engineering Research and development Centre Faculty of ElectricalEnergy&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahorePakistan

The choice of a type of combustion technology to be used for heat or power generation depends on economic,technical,operational and fuel availability *** benefits associated with the evolving market driven by the fluidised bed combustion(FBC)technology cannot be overlooked especially when gauged at 65 GWth of worldwide installed capacity alongside added benefits of handling fuel variation,low pollutant emissions and high combustion *** or biomass waste will continue to have a vital role to play in the future FBC technology-based power *** often contains high levels of inorganic species that can form sticky agglomerates posing a significant risk to boiler operation resulting in unscheduled *** added complexity of the behaviour of the fuel and bed material mix highlights the requirement for simulation models to identify agglomeration to help improve the overall performance and reliability of FBC *** resolve this problem,this research devised a simulation strategy for the detection of agglomeration using the Eulerian–Eulerian *** developed modelling strategy is validated with the experimental data available in literature for two-dimensional simplified geometry of a pilot-scale fluidised bed *** model results were found promising and robust to predict bed defluidisation times and other parameters consistent with the experimental data.

关键词： Fluidized bed combustion Eulerian Models Biomass Agglomeration defluidisation

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CYP3A5 unexpectedly regulates glucose metabolism through the AKT-TXNIP-GLUT1 axis in pancreatic cancer

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Genes & diseases 2024年第4期11卷 381-399页

作者： Ming Shao Qingfei Pan Haiyan Tan Jing Wu Ha Won Lee Andrew d.Huber william C.Wright Ji-Hoon Cho Jiyang Yu Junmin Peng Taosheng Chen department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA department of Computational Biology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA department of Structural Biology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA department of developmental Neurobiology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA

CYP3A5 is a cytochrome P450(CYP)enzyme that metabolizes drugs and contributes to drug resistance in ***,it remains unclear whether CYP3A5 directly influences cancer *** this report,we demonstrate that CYP3A5 regulates glucose metabolism in pancreatic ductal ***-omics analysis showed that CYP3A5 knockdown re-sults in a decrease in various glucose-related metabolites through its effect on glucose trans-port.A mechanistic study revealed that CYP3A5 enriches the glucose transporter GLUT1 at the plasma membrane by restricting the translation of TXNIP,a negative regulator of ***,CYP3A5-generated reactive oxygen species were proved to be responsible for atten-uating the AKT-4EBP1-TXNIP signaling ***3A5 contributes to cell migration by maintaining high glucose uptake in pancreatic *** together,our results,for the first time,reveal a role of CYP3A5 in glucose metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and identify a novel mechanism that is a potential therapeutic target.

关键词： Cell migration CYP3A5 Glucose metabolism GLUT1 Pancreatic cancer TXNIP

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william Morris,Establishing the Foundation for the Advancement of TCM in the US

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 29-40页

作者： Ioannis Solos Charles Buck william Morris Saint George Clinic and Research Institute Scottsdale 85251the United States of America Northern College of Acupuncture Micklegate YO16LJthe United Kingdom AOMA Graduate School of Integrative Medicine Austin 78745the United States of America

The interview was conducted on March 2nd, 2023 by Ioannis Solos and Charles Buck. william Morris has sustained practice since 1980. He has served on the California, Texas and Massachusetts Professional Associations, as well as the National Association. He has tendered 20 years of service to the field through academic medicine, earning a master’s degree in medical education to assist in developing Chinese medical doctoral programs and institutional review boards. He earned an OM.d. in 1988, a dAOM in 2002, and a Ph.d. focused on pulse diagnosis as clinical epistemology in 2009. He has published five books, including TCM Case Studies dermatology, Li Shi-zhen Pulse Studies: An Illustrated Guide, Neoclassical Pulse diagnosis, Cycles in Medical Astrology, and Transformation: Treating Trauma with Acupuncture and Herbs.

关键词： Acupuncture sustained diagnosis

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Flame Structure of Methane and Kerosene Combustion with a Compact Concave Flame-Holder using the LES-pdf Method

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 222-234页

作者： WANG Fang WANG Yunfan WEI Guanyi LIU denghuan JIN Jie JONES P.william School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijingBeijing 100191China department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

Compact flame-holders for afterburners are an increasing requirement for modern aero ***,flame-holder design is non-trivial since high inlet temperatures,velocities,and elaborate structures induce complex turbulence,combustion,and spray coupling in modern *** this work,the LES-pdf and stochastic fields-Lagrangian particle spray methods are used to investigate methane and aviation kerosene combustion structures formed by new-type concave *** flow pattern,combustion mode,and flame structure of gaseous and liquid fuel around a concave flame-holder are analyzed,discussed,and compared with experimental *** reveal that the flame stability of a concave flame-holder is better than that of the non-concave ***,when using liquid fuel,the concave flame-holder forms a stable and compact *** results suggest concave flame-holders are a promising design for compact afterburners.

关键词： concave structure flame-holder LES-pdf spray combustion flame structure AECSC

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Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty vs high tibial osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis:A comparison of clinical and radiological outcomes

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 444-456页

作者： Frederick william Wyatt Oday Al-dadah Translational and Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE24HHUnited Kingdom department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery South Tyneside District HospitalSouth Shields NE340PLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUNd Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA)and high tibial osteotomy(HTO)are well-established operative interventions in the treatment of knee ***,which intervention is more beneficial to patients with knee osteoarthritis remains unknown and a topic of much ***,there is a paucity of research assessing the relationship between radiographic parameters of knee joint alignment and patient-reported clinical outcomes,preoperatively and following HTO or *** To compare UKAs and HTOs as interventions for medial-compartment knee osteoarthritis:Examining differences in clinical outcome and investigating the relationship of joint alignment with respect to *** This longitudinal observational study assessed a total of 42 patients that had undergone UKA(n=23)and HTO(n=19)to treat medial compartment knee ***-reported outcome measures(PROMs)were collected to evaluate clinical *** included two disease-specific(Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score,Oxford Knee Score)and two generic(EQ-5d-5L,Short Form-12)*** radiographic parameters of knee alignment assessed were the:Hip-knee-ankle angle,mechanical axis deviation and angle of Mikulicz *** Statistical analyses demonstrated significant(Pdifferences in the postoperative PROM scores of the UKA and HTO *** significant correlations associated a more distolaterally angled Mikulicz line with worse knee function and overall health preoperatively(Pd between the disease-specific PROM scores and knee joint alignment parameters(hip-knee-ankle angle,mechanical axis deviation)within the HTO group;yet no such associations were observed within the UKA *** UKAs and HTOs are both efficacious operations that provide a comp

关键词： Arthroplasty Osteotomy Medial compartment Osteoarthritis Knee alignment Patient reported outcome measures

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Snapshot imaging of ultrashort electron bunches

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1226-1228页

作者： Andreas döpp Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München Am Coulombwall 185748GarchingGermany Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1Garching85748Germany

New measurements combine spatial and temporal information from optical transition radiation to estimate the three-dimensional structure of electron bunches from a laser wakefield accelerator.

关键词： ultrashort Snapshot electron

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Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection method using production and resilience score indices

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 169-185页

作者： Arnauld THIRY william J.dAVIES Ian C.dOdd Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLancashire LA14YWUK

In Asia, the rice crop sustains millions of people. However, growing demand for this crop needs to be met while simultaneously reducing its water consumption to cope with the effects of climate change. Lowland cropping systems are the most common and productive but have particularly high water requirements. High-yielding rice genotypes adapted to drier environments(such as rainfed or aerobic rice ecosystems) are needed to increase the water use efficiency of cropping. Identifying these genotypes requires fast and more accurate selection methods. It is hypothesized that applying a new quantitative selection method(the score index selection method), can usefully compare rice yield responses over different years and stress intensities to select genotypes more rapidly and efficiently. Applying the score index to previously published rice yield data for 39 genotypes grown in no-stress and two stress environments, identified three genotypes(ARB 8, IR55419-04 and ARB 7) with higher and stable yield under moderate to severe stress conditions. These genotypes are postulated to be better adapted to stress environment such as upland and aerobic environments. Importantly, the score index selection method offers improved precision than the conventional breeding selection method in identifying genotypes that are well-suited to a range of stress levels within the target environment.

关键词： Aerobic rice breeding selection drought resilience production capacity index resilience capacity index stress score index upland

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