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Impaired eye tracking is associated with symptom severity but not dynamic postural control in adolescents following concussion

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第2期10卷 138-144页

作者： Jessie R.Oldham william p.meehan iii David R.Howell The Micheli Center for Sports Injury prevention WalthamMA 02453USA Division of Sports Medicine Department of OrthopedicsBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115USA Department of pediatrics and Orthopedics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Sports Medicine Center Children’s Hospital ColoradoAuroraCO 80045USA Department of Orthopedics University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

purpose:The purpose of the study was to(1)examine the relationship between self-reported symptoms and concussion-related eye tracking impairments,and(2)compare gait performance between(a)adolescents with a concussion who have normal eye tracking,(b)adolescents with a concussion who have abnormal eye tracking,and(c)healthy ***:A total of 30 concussed participants(age:14.4±2.2 years,mean±SD,50%female)and 30 controls(age:14.2±2.2 years,47%female)completed eye tracking and gait *** BOX score is a metric of pupillary disconjugacy,with scorespost-Concussion Symptom Scale(pCSS),and gait speed was measured with triaxial inertial measurement *** conducted a linear regression to examine the relationship between pCSS and BOX scores and a two-way mixed effects analysis of variance to examine the effect of group(abnormal BOX,normal BOX,and healthy control)on single-and dual-task gait ***:There was a significant association between total pCSS score and BOX score in the concussion group(β=0.16,p=0.004,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.06‒0.27),but not in the control group(β=0.21,p=0.08,95%CI:0.03 to 0.45).There were no significant associations between pCSS symptom profiles and BOX scores in the concussion or control *** were also no significant differences in singletask(Abnormal:1.00±0.14 m/s;Normal:1.11§0.21 m/s;Healthy:1.14±0.18 m/s;p=0.08)or dual-task(Abnormal:0.77±0.15 m/s;Normal:0.84±0.21 m/s;Healthy:0.90±0.18 m/s;p=0.16)gait ***:The concussed group with impaired eye tracking reported higher total symptom severity,as well as worse symptom severity across the 5 pCSS symptom domain ***,eye tracking deficits did not appear to be driven by any particular symptom *** not statistically significant,the slower gait speeds in those with abnormal BOX scores may still be clinically relevant since gait-related impairments may persis

关键词： Gait Mild traumatic brain injury Vision

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Testosterone therapy in men with prostate cancer： literature review, clinical experience, and recommendations

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 206-211,I0007页

作者： Abraham Morgentaler william p Conners iii Men's Health Boston 200 Boylston St Suite A309 Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA.

For several decades any diagnosis of prostate cancer （pCa） has been considered an absolute contraindication to the use of testosterone （T） therapy in men. Yet this prohibition against T therapy has undergone recent re-examination with refinement of our understanding of the biology of androgens and pCa, and increased appreciation of the benefits of T therapy. A reassuringly low rate of negative outcomes has been reported with T therapy after radical prostatectomy （Rp）, radiation treatments, and in men on active surveillance. Although the number of these published reports are few and the total number of treated men is low, these experiences do provide a basis for consideration of T therapy in selected men with pCa. For clinicians considering offering this treatment, we recommend first selecting patients with low grade cancers and undetectable prostate-specific antigen following Rp. Further research is required to define the safety of T therapy in men with pCa. However, many patients symptomatic from T deficiency are willing to accept the potential risk of pCa progression or recurrence in return for the opportunity to live a fuller and happier life with T therapy.

关键词： androgen deprivation androgens hypogonadism prostate cancer prostate-specific antigen testosterone testosterone therapy

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Nitrogen preference across generations under changing ammonium nitrate ratios

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Journal of plant Ecology 2019年第2期12卷 235-244页

作者： Stefani Daryanto Lixin Wang william p.Gilhooly iii pierre-André Jacinthe Department of Earth Sciences Indiana University Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202USA State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Aims Nitrogen(N)in natural environments is typically supplied by a mix-ture of ammonia(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)).However,factors that underlie either NH_(4)^(+)or NO_(3)^(-)preference,and how such preference will change across generations remain *** conducted a series of experiments to answer whether:(i)NH_(4)^(+):NO_(3)^(-)ratio is the driving factor for plant N preference,and(ii)this preference is con-sistent across *** We conducted both:(i)field observations(as a proxy for parent or p generation)and(ii)greenhouse experiments(the first generation or F1 and the second generation or F2)using corn and soybean grown under different NH_(4)^(+):NO_(3)^(-)*** Findings Both corn and soybean had the physiological plasticity to pre-fer either NH_(4)^(+)or NO_(3)^(-)depending on NH_(4)^(+):NO_(3)^(-)ratios,and this plasticity was consistent across ***,however,showed a stronger preference towards NO_(3)^(-)while soybean showed a stronger preference towards NH_(4)^(+).While both plants would try to make use of the most available form of N in their growing medium,plant species,physiological characteristics(***)and plant nutrient status also determined the extent of N *** the evolutionary and productivity perspective,this plasticity is benefi-cial,allowing plants to effectively acquire available N particularly in a changing climate.

关键词： climate change filial isotope parent plasticity

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TREMble Before TREM2:The Mighty Microglial Receptor Conferring Neuroprotective properties in TDp-43 Mediated Neurodegeneration

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第1期39卷 163-166页

作者： william A.Mills iii Ukpong B.Eyo Brain Immunology and Glia Center University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22903USA Department of Neuroscience University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22903USA Robert M.Berne Cardiovascular Research Center University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22903USA

Microglia were long hailed as solely infammatory cells,and though they are responsible for the brain's immuneresponse,they perform a variety of neuroprotective func-tions including the clearance of cellular and toxic debris^([1]).One toxic molecule known to be cleared by microglia isthe protein aggregate found in Alzheimer's Disease(AD),amyloid-B.

关键词： protective degeneration Alzheimer

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Consistent constitutive modeling of metallic target penetration using empirical, analytical, and numerical penetration models

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 201-213页

作者： John(Jack) p.RIEGEL iii David DAVISON R3 Technology Inc. 7324 Fountain Spring Ct. Shock Transients Inc.

Historically, there has been little correlation between the material properties used in(1) empirical formulae,(2) analytical formulations, and(3) numerical models. The various regressions and models may each provide excellent agreement for the depth of penetration into semi-infinite targets. But the input parameters for the empirically based procedures may have little in common with either the analytical model or the numerical model. This paper builds on previous work by Riegel and Anderson(2014) to show how the Effective Flow Stress(EFS) strength model, based on empirical data, can be used as the average flow stress in the analytical Walker–Anderson penetration model(WApEN)(Anderson and Walker,1991) and how the same value may be utilized as an effective von Mises yield strength in numerical hydrocode simulations to predict the depth of penetration for eroding projectiles at impact velocities in the mechanical response regime of the materials. The method has the benefit of allowing the three techniques(empirical, analytical, and numerical) to work in tandem. The empirical method can be used for many shot line calculations, but more advanced analytical or numerical models can be employed when necessary to address specific geometries such as edge effects or layering that are not treated by the simpler methods. Developing complete constitutive relationships for a material can be costly. If the only concern is depth of penetration, such a level of detail may not be required. The effective flow stress can be determined from a small set of depth of penetration experiments in many cases, especially for long penetrators such as the L/D = 10 ones considered here, making it a very practical approach. In the process of performing this effort, the authors considered numerical simulations by other researchers based on the same set of experimental data that the authors used for their empirical and analytical assessment. The goals were to establish a baseline with a full constitut

关键词：本构模型渗透模型数值模型金属靶材料性质流动应力程序模拟数值计算

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Interactive Effects of Elevated CO_2 and Growth Temperature on the Tolerance of photosynthesis to Acute Heat Stress in C_3 and C_4 Species

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1375-1387页

作者： E. william Hamilton iii Scott A. Heckathorn puneet Joshi Dan Wang Deepak Barua Department of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia USA Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA

Determining effects of elevated CO2 on the tolerance of photosynthesis to acute heat-stress （heat wave） is necessary for predicting plant responses to global warming, as photosynthesis is thermolabile and acute heat-stress and atmospheric CO2 will increase in the future. Few studies have examined this, and past results are variable, which may be due to methodological variation. To address this, we grew two C3 and two C4 species at current or elevated CO2 and three different growth temperatures （GT）. We assessed photosynthetic thermotolerance in both unacclimated （basal tolerance） and preheat-stressed （preHS = acclimated） plants. In C3 species, basal thermotolerance of net photosynthesis （pn） was increased in high CO2, but in C4 species, pn thermotlerance was decreased by high CO2 （except Zea mays at low GT）; CO2 effects in preHS plants were mostly small or absent, though high CO2 was detrimental in one C3 and one C4 species at warmer GT. Though high CO2 generally decreased stomatal conductance, decreases in p, during heat stress were mostly due to non-stomatal effects. photosystem Ⅱ （pSⅡ） efficiency was often decreased by high CO2 during heat stress, especially at high GT; CO2 effects on post-pSⅡ electron transport were variable. Thus, high CO2 often affected photosynthetic theromotolerance, and the effects varied with photosynthetic pathway, growth temperature, and acclimation state. Most importantly, in heat-stressed plants at normal or warmer growth temperatures, high CO2 may often decrease, or not benefit as expected, tolerance of photosynthesis to acute heat stress. Therefore, interactive effects of elevated CO2 and warmer growth temperatures on acute heat tolerance may contribute to future changes in plant productivity, distribution, and diversity.

关键词： carbon dioxide global climate change photosynthesis thermotolerance.

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Shear induced deformation twinning evolution in thermoelectric InSb

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1008-1016页

作者： Zhongtao Lu Ben Huang Guodong Li Xiaolian Zhang Qi An Bo Duan pengcheng Zhai Qingjie Zhang william A.Goddard iii Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics School of ScienceWuhan University of TechnologyWuhanPR China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhanPR China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Nevada RenoRenoNVUSA Materials and process Simulation Center California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA

Twin boundary(TB)engineering has been widely applied to enhance the strength and plasticity of metals and alloys,but is rarely adopted in thermoelectric(TE)*** previous first-principles results showed that nanotwins can strengthen TE Indium Antimony(InSb)through In–Sb covalent bond rearrangement at the ***,we further show that shear-induced deformation twinning enhances plasticity of *** demonstrate this by employing large-scale molecular dynamics(MD)to follow the shear stress response of flawless single-crystal InSb along various slip *** observed that the maximum shear strain for the (111)[112] slip system can be up to 0.85 due to shear-induced deformation *** attribute this deformation twinning to the“catching bond”involving breaking and re-formation of In–Sb bond in *** finding opens up a strategy to increase the plasticity of TE InSb by deformation twinning,which is expected to be implemented in other isotypicⅢ–V semiconductors with zinc blende structure.

关键词： deformation plasticity Shear

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Interactive Effects of Elevated CO_2 and Ozone on Leaf Thermotolerance in Field-grown Glycine max

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1396-1405页

作者： Sasmita Mishra Scott A. Heckathorn Deepak Barua Dan Wang puneet Joshi E. william Hamilton iii Jonathan Frantz Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA Department of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia USA United States Department of Agricuffure-Agricultural Research Service University of Toledo Toledo Ohio 43606 USA

Humans are increasing atmospheric CO2, ground-level ozone （O3）, and mean and acute high temperatures. Laboratory studies show that elevated CO2 can increase thermotolerance of photosynthesis in C3 plants. O3-related oxidative stress may offset benefits of elevated CO2 during heat-waves. We determined effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on leaf thermotolerance of field-grown Glycine max （soybean, C3）. photosynthetic electron transport （Фet） was measured in attached leaves heated in situ and detached leaves heated under ambient CO2 and O3. Heating decreased Фet, which O3 exacerbated. Elevated CO2 prevented O3-related decreases during heating, but only increased Фet under ambient O3 in the field. Heating decreased chlorophyll and carotenoids, especially under elevated CO2. Neither CO2 nor O3 affected heat-shock proteins. Heating increased catalase （except in high O3） and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase （SOD）, but not Mn- SOD; CO2 and O3 decreased catalase but neither SOD. Soluble carbohydrates were unaffected by heating, but increased in elevated CO2. Thus, protection of photosynthesis during heat stress by elevated CO2 occurs in field-grown soybean under ambient O3, as in the lab, and high CO2 limits heat damage under elevated O3, but this protection is likely from decreased photorespiration and stomatal conductance rather than production of heat-stress adaptations.

关键词： anti-oxidants global change heat-shock proteins photosynthesis.

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Leisure-time physical activity,anthropometrics,and body composition as predictors of quality of life domains after spinal cord injury:an exploratory cross-sectional study

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1369-1375页

作者： Melody N.Mickens paul perrin Jacob A.Goldsmith Refka E.Khalil william E.Carter iii Ashraf S.Gorgey Division of physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA Department of psychology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Spinal Cord Injury&Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA Department of physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVAUSA

The objective of the current work was to examine the relationships between quality of life(QOL)domains in persons with spinal cord injury(SCI)and their levels of weekly leisure-time physical activity(LTpA),anthropometric variables,and body composition *** exploratory cross-sectional study consisted of baseline data collected as part of a randomized clinical trial at a VA Medical Center and SCI center.A convenience sample of 36 community-dwelling persons with SCI participated in the current *** measures included the World Health Organization Quality of Life Short Form(WHOQOL-BREF),Leisure-Time physical Activity Questionnaire for people with Spinal Cord Injury(LTpAQ-SCI),anthropomorphic measures(waist,hip,and abdominal circumference),and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(DXA)to quantify regional and total body *** regression models suggested that engagement in LTpA accounted for 35.7%of the variance in physical health QOL,33.5%in psychological QOL,14.2%in social relationships QOL,and 38.2%in environmental *** measures accounted for 11.3%,3.1%,12.0%,and 6.7%of the variance in these QOL indices,respectively,and DXA indices accounted for 18.7%,17.5%,27.4%,and 21.9%.Within these models,the number of minutes of heavy LTpA per day uniquely predicted physical health QOL,the number of mild LTpA days per week uniquely predicted psychological QOL,and the amount of mild LTpA per day uniquely predicted environmental *** analyses also suggested that android and trunk fat,as well as supine waist and abdominal circumferences,were positively associated with social relationships *** individuals with SCI to engage in LTpA may robustly enhance multiple aspects of QOL while reducing the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic morbidities associated with ***,this may lead to a further understanding of how QOL may impact longitudinal intervention *** study protocol and procedures were reviewed and appro

关键词： anthropometrics body composition dual-energy-x-ray absorptiometry exercise physical activity quality of life spinal cord injury

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Ductile deformation mechanism in semiconductor α-Ag_(2)S

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 289-294页

作者： Guodong Li Qi An Sergey I.Morozov Bo Duan william A.Goddard iii Qingjie Zhang pengcheng Zhai G.Jeffrey Snyder State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and processing Wuhan University of Technology430070 WuhanChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Nevada RenoRenoNV 89557USA Department of Computer Simulation and Nanotechnology South Ural State UniversityChelyabinsk 454080Russia Materials and process Simulation Center California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA

Inorganic semiconductor α-Ag_(2)S exhibits a metal-like ductile behavior at room temperature,but the origin of this high ductility has not been fully explored *** on density function theory simulations on the intrinsic mechanical properties of α-Ag_(2)S,its underlying ductile mechanism is attributed to the following three factors:(i)the low ideal shear strength and multiple slip pathways under pressure,(ii)easy movement of Ag–S octagon framework without breaking Ag−S bonds,and(iii)a metallic Ag−Ag bond forms which suppresses the Ag-S frameworks from slipping and holds them *** easy slip pathways(or easy rearrangement of atoms without breaking bonds)in α-Ag_(2)S provide insight into the understanding of the plastic deformation mechanism of ductile semiconductor materials,which is beneficial for devising and developing flexible semiconductor materials and electronic devices.

关键词： deformation ductile ductility

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