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Effects of Root Growth of deep and Shallow Rooting Rice Cultivars in Compacted Paddy Soils on Subsequent Rice Growth

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Rice science 2023年第5期30卷 459-472,I0022-I0024页

作者： Md.dhin ISLAM Adam h.PRICE Paul d.hallett School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenSt Machar DrAberdeen AB243UUthe United Kingdom Faculty of Agriculture Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur-1706Bangladesh

Rice is often grown as multiple seasons in one year,alternating between flooded and upland systems.A major constraint,introduced from the flooded system,is a plough pan that may decrease rooting depth and productivity of follow-on upland *** penetrating the plough pan under flooded rice system can leave a legacy of weaker root growth *** rooting rice cultivars could have a bigger impact,but no direct evidence is *** explore whether a deep rather than a shallow rooting rice cultivar grown in a flooded cropping cycle benefited deeper root growth of follow-on rice in an upland,reduced tillage cropping cycle,a simulated flooded paddy in greenhouse was planted with deep(Black Gora) and shallow(IR64) rooting cultivars and a plant-free *** plough pans were made in between the topsoil and subsoil to form different treatments with no plough pan(0.35 MPa),soft plough pan(1.03 MPa) and hard plough pan(1.70 MPa).After harvest of this ‘first season’ rice,the soil was drained and undisturbed to simulate zero-tillage upland and planted rice cultivar BRRI dhan *** overall root length density(RLd),root surface area,the numbers of root tips and branching of BRRI dhan 28 did not vary between plough pan and no plough pan *** with the shallow rooting rice genotype,the deep rooting rice genotype as ‘first season’ crop produced 19% greater RLd,34% greater surface area and 29% more branching of BRRI dhan 28 in the *** the topsoil,however,BRRI dhan 28 had 28% greater RLd,35% greater surface area and 43% more branching for the shallow rather than deep rooting genotype planted in the ‘first season’.The results suggested that rice cultivar selection for a paddy cycle affects root growth of a follow-on rice crop grown under no-till,with benefits to subsoil access from deep rooting cultivars and topsoil proliferation for shallow rooting cultivars.

关键词： plough pan root growth biopores crop rotation Oryza sativa preceding crop zero-tillage

Photophobia in neurologic disorders

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 239-244页

作者： Yiwen Wu Mark hallett human Motor Control Section National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of Health10 Center Drive MSC 1428Building 10Room 7D37BethesdaMD 20892USA

Photophobia is a common symptom seen in many neurologic disorders,however,its pathophysiology remains *** the term is *** this paper,we review the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of photophobia in neurological disorders,including primary headache,blepharospasm,progressive supranuclear palsy,and traumatic brain injury,discuss the definition,etiology and pathogenesis,and summarize practical methods of diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Photophobia Migraine Blepharospasm Progressive supranuclear palsy Traumatic brain injury Melanopsin

Neuroinflammation as a therapeutic target in huntington's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 817-818页

作者： Andrea Kwakowsky Thulani h.Palpagama Center for Brain Research and department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

In 1872, George huntington presented his essay “On Chorea” to the Meigs and Mason Academy of Medicine and, in doing so, detailed a disease that would later bear his name. huntington's disease(hd) is a genetic, neurodegenerative disease that manifests as the loss of motor control,cognitive impairment,and mood and psychiatric changes in paents.

关键词： huntington inflammation Medicine

Glial response in the midcingulate cortex in huntington’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 207-208页

作者： Thulani h.Palpagama Andrea Kwakowsky Center for Brain Research and department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CenterUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

huntington’s disease(hd)is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the striatum and *** can present with a variety of symptoms that can broadly be classified into motor symptoms,inclusive of choreatic movements and rigidity,mood and psychiatric symptoms,such as depression and apathy,and cognitive symptoms,such as cognitive *** causal mutation underlying hd results from an expansion of a CAG repeat sequence on the IT15 gene,resulting in the formation and accumulation of a mutant huntingtin protein.

关键词： huntington degeneration cortex

Effects of cucumber mosaic virus-infected chilli plants on non-vector Bemisia tabaci (hemiptera Aleyrodidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 76-85页

作者： Khalid A.Saad M.N.Mohamad Roff Rebecca h.hallett Idris B.Abd-Ghani Faculty of Science and Technology School of Environmental and Natural Resource SciencesNational University MalaysiaBangi SelangorMalaysia horticulture Research Centre HeadquartersMARDI-UPMSerdang SelangorMalaysia School of Environmental Sciences University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada

Plant virus infections are known to alter host plant attractiveness and suitability for insect *** study was conducted to determine how cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected chilli plants affect the fitness and settling preferences ofnonvector whitefly,Bemisia tabaci adults under dual-choice conditions with volatile organic compounds analyzed using solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results showed that the presence of CIVIV in chilli plants substantially affects the settling preferences of the ***,which preferred to settle on noninfected *** of the egg stage and the longevity and fecundity of adult *** on CMV-infected chilli plants were not markedly different from those on noninfected chilli *** contrast,the developmental time from egg to adult was significantly reduced in CMV-infected chilli plants compared to the noninfected *** results also showed that CMV-infected chilli plants released significantly more linalool and phenylacetaldehyde than noninfected ***,it was suggested that the behavioral response of *** might be modified by CMV-infected plants,which alter the release of specific headspace *** on these results,the modification of plant volatile profiles may help in enhancing the effectiveness of biological control and the protection of crop plants against ***.

关键词： Bromoviridae Capsicum anmium cucumovirus in sect-pathogen interactions whitefly

does mesenchymal stem cell’s secretome affect spinal sensory circuits?Implication for pain therapies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 181-183页

作者： Francesco Ferrini Esri h.Juárez Adalberto Merighi department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinGrugliascoTOItaly department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience UniversitéLavalQuébec CityQCCanada

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multipotent adult stem cells of mesodermal origin that can be isolated from various tissues,including bone marrow,tooth pulp,adipose tissue,and umbilical *** have gained significant attention in regenerative medicine due to their ability to modulate the immune system and favor tissue *** enrich the medium in which they are cultivated with a broad range of bioactive molecules,including growth factors,cytokines,chemokines,enzymes,nucleic acids,and extracellular vesicles that collectively compose the MSC *** increasing number of pre-clinical studies suggest that delivering in vivo an MSC-conditioned medium(i.e.,the medium collected from MSC cultures after at least 3 days of exposure)exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of neurological conditions.

关键词： protective clinical collective

Method for rapid on-site identification of VOCs

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第7期21卷 1005-1008页

作者： Justin d Fair william F Bailey Robert A Felty Amy E Gifford Benjamin Shultes Leslie h Volles department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06269-3060 USA. INFICON Inc. 2 Technology Place East Syracuse New York 13057 USA

Rapid on-site identification of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in ambient air is an important first step in remediation efforts. This study describes modification of a commercially available, portable GC/MS system and development of an analysis protocol for rapid （〈 3 min） sampling and identification of VOCs typically found at contaminated sites at the low ppbv level.

关键词： field analysis gas chromatograph mass spectrometer toxic industrial chemicals thermal desorption

The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis h.Pagan Rivera Jorge d.Miranda department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

Variable high-Order Multiblock Overlapping Grid Methods for Mixed Steady and Unsteady Multiscale Viscous Flows,Part II:hypersonic Nonequilibrium Flows

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第2期13卷 583-602页

作者： Andrea Lani Björn Sjögreen h.C.Yee william d.henshaw NASA Ames/Stanford Centre for Turbulence Research Palo AltoCAUSA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCAUSA MS 258-5 NASA Ames Research CenterMoffett FieldCAUSA

The variable high-order multiblock overlapping(overset)grids method of Sj¨ogreen&Yee[CiCP,Vol.5,2009]for a perfect gas has been extended to nonequilibrium *** work makes use of the recently developed high-order well-balanced shock-capturing schemes and their filter counterparts[Wang et al.,***.,2009,2010]that exactly preserve certain non-trivial steady state solutions of the chemical nonequilibrium governing *** turbulence with strong shocks and flows containing both steady and unsteady components is best treated by mixing of numerical methods and switching on the appropriate scheme in the appropriate subdomains of the flow fields,even under the multiblock grid or adaptive grid refinement *** low dissipative sixth-or higher-order shock-capturing filter methods are appropriate for unsteady turbulence with shocklets,second-and thirdorder shock-capturing methods are more effective for strong steady or nearly steady shocks in terms of *** is anticipated that our variable high-order overset grid framework capability with its highly modular design will allow for an optimum synthesis of these new algorithms in such a way that the most appropriate spatial discretizations can be tailored for each particular region of the *** this paper some of the latest developments in single block high-order filter schemes for chemical nonequilibrium flows are applied to overset grid *** numerical approach is validated on a number of test cases characterized by hypersonic conditions with strong shocks,including the reentry flow surrounding a 3d Apollo-like NASA Crew Exploration Vehicle that might contain mixed steady and unsteady components,depending on the flow conditions.

关键词： Unstructured mesh hypersonic flows thermo-chemical nonequilibrium residual distribution schemes double cone