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Combining innovative science and policy to improve air quality in cities with refining and chemicals manufacturing： The case study of Houston, Texas, USA

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 293-304页

作者： David T. allen University of Texas Austin Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Energy and Environmental Resources Austin TX 78759 USA

In Houston, a combination of urban emissions from a city of 4 million people, coupled with emissions from extensive petroleum refining and chemical manufacturing, leads to conditions for photochemistry that are unique in the United States, and historically, the city had experienced some of the highest ozone concentrations recorded in the United States. Large air quality field studies （the Texas Air Quality Studies or TexAQS I and II） were conducted to determine root causes of the high ozone concentrations. Hundreds of air quality investigators, from around the world, deployed instruments on aircraft, on ships, and at fixed ground sites to make extensive air quality measurements; detailed photochemical modeling was used to interpret and assess the implications of the measurements. The Texas Air Quality Studies revealed that both continuous and episodic emissions of light alkenes, which came to be called highly reactive volatile organic compounds, played a critical role in the formation of ozone and other photochemical oxidants in the region. Under- standing and quantifying the role of these emissions in regional air quality required innovations in characterizing emissions and in photochemical modeling. Reducing emissions required innovative policy approaches. These coupled scientific and policy innovations are described, and the result, substantially cleaner air for Houston, is documented. The lessons learned from the Houston air quality experience are relevant to cities with similar population and industrial profiles around the world.

关键词： ozone air quality highly reactive volatile organic compounds Houston

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Immunology of a unique biological structure:the Echinococcus laminated layer

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Protein & Cell 2023年第2期14卷 87-104页

作者： Álvaro Díaz Anabella ABarrios Leticia Grezzi Camila Mouhape Stephen J.Jenkins Judith E.allen Cecilia Casaravilla Área Inmunología Departamento de Biociencias(Facultad de Química)and Cátedra de InmunologíaInstituto de Química Biológica(Facultad de Ciencias)Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay Centre for Inflammation Research Queen's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH89JUUK Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterM139NQUK

The larval stages of the cestode parasites belonging to the genus Echinococcus grow within internal organs of humans and a range of animal *** resulting diseases,collectively termed echinococcoses,include major neglected tropical diseases of humans and *** larvae are outwardly protected by the laminated layer(LL),an acellular structure that is unique to this *** LL is based on a fibrillar meshwork made up of mucins,which are decorated by galactose-rich *** addition,in the species cluster termed *** sensu lato,the LL features nano-deposits of the calcium salt of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate(Insp_(6)).The main purpose of our article is to update the immunobiology of the *** recent advances in this area are(i)the demonstration of LL“debris”at the infection site and draining lymph nodes,(ii)the characterization of the decoy activity of calcium Inp6 with respect to complement,(iii)the evidence that the LL mucin carbohydrates interact specifically with a lectin receptor expressed in Kupffer cells(Clec4F),and(iv)the characterization of what appear to be receptor-independent effects of LL particles on dendritic cells and *** information is missing on the immunology of this intriguing structure:we discuss gaps in knowledge and propose possible avenues for research.

关键词： mucin complement Echinococcus macrophage dendritic cell Clec4F

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Lost in translation: Evaluating traditional Chinese medicine by western standards

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Pediatric Investigation 2022年第2期6卷 144-146页

作者： Cynara S.Leon Julian L.allen The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

In this issue of Pediatric Investigation,Xu et al.'reporl a study comparing two medications w ith immunomodulatory properties in the treatment of pediatric recurent respiratory tract infections(RRTI).Pidotimod is a synthetic dipeptide introduccd in the 1990s.2 while Yupingfeng(YPF)is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).TCM has roots as early as the 14th century *** the west,it certainly has its skepics.

关键词： roots modulator

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Wild dogma： An examination of recent ＂evidence＂ for dingo regulation of invasive mesopredator release in Australia

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 568-583页

作者： Benjamin L. allen Richard M. ENGEMAN Lee R. allen The University of Queensland School of Animal Studies Warrego Highway Gatton QLD 4343 National Wildlife Research Centre 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA （Richard.M.Engeman@aphis.usda.gov） Biosecurity Queensland Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre Tor Street Toowoomba QLD 4350 （Lee.Allen@deedi.qld.gov.au）

There is growing interest in the role that apex predators play in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and maintaining trophic cascades. In line with the mesopredator release hypothesis, Australian dingoes (Canis lupus dingoand hybrids) are assumed by many to regulate the abundance of invasive mesopredators, such as red foxesVulpes vulpesand feral catsFelis catus, thereby providing indirect benefits to various threatened vertebrates. Several recent papers have claimed to provide evidence for the biodiversity benefits of dingoes in this way. Nevertheless, in this paper we highlight several critical weaknesses in the methodological approaches used in many of these reports, including lack of consideration for seasonal and habitat differences in activity, the complication of simple track-based indices by incorporating difficult-to-meet assumptions, and a reduction in sensitivity for assessing populations by using binary measures rather than potentially continuous measures. Of the 20 studies reviewed, 15 of them (75%) contained serious methodological flaws, which may partly explain the inconclusive nature of the literature investigating interactions between invasive Australian predators. We therefore assert that most of the “growing body of evidence” for meso-predator release is merely an inconclusive growing body of literature only. We encourage those interested in studying the ecological roles of dingoes relative to invasive mesopredators and native prey species to account for the factors we identify, and caution the value of studies that have not done so.

关键词：澳大利亚侵入证据陆地生态系统狗检查调控野生

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MBA:A market-based approach to data allocation and dynamic migration for cloud database

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2012年第9期55卷 1935-1948页

作者： HUANG allen Microsoft SQL China R&D Center

With the coming shift to cloud computing,cloud database is emerging to provide database service over the *** the cloud-based environment,data are distributed at Internet scale and the system needs to handle a huge number of user queries simultaneously without *** data are distributed among the servers has a crucial impact on the query load distribution and the system response *** this paper,we propose a market-based control method,called MBA,to achieve query load balance via reasonable data *** MBA,database nodes are treated as traders in a market,and certain market rules are used to intelligently decide data allocation and *** built a prototype system and conducted extensive *** results show that the MBA method significantly improves system performance in terms of average query response time and fairness.

关键词： market-based control data distribution load balancing

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Epitaxially aligned single-crystal gold nanoplates formed in large-area arrays at high yield

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Nano Research 2022年第1期15卷 296-303页

作者： Trevor B.Demille Robert D.Neal Arin S.Preston Zijuan Liang allen G.Oliver Robert A.Hughes Svetlana Neretina College of Engineering University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556USA

Well-tailored nanomaterials with a single-crystal character provide ideal building blocks for on-chip plasmonic *** colloidal methods have demonstrated mastery over the synthesis of such structures,it has proven quite difficult to deploy these same nanomaterials on substrate surfaces in a highly deterministic manner where precise control over position and orientation is ***,we demonstrate a room-temperature two-reagent liquid-phase seed-mediated synthesis of gold nanoplates directly on substrate surfaces in arrays over a square-centimeter *** synthesis is reliant on benchtop lithographic and directed-assembly processes that give rise to single-crystal seeds of gold that express both an epitaxial relationship with the underlying substrate and the internal defect structure required to promote a two-dimensional growth *** resulting structures are highly faceted and,because seed-substrate epitaxy is imposed upon the growing nanoplates,are identically aligned on the substrate *** yields are increased to values as high as 95%using a post-processing sonication procedure that selectively removes a small population of irregularly shaped nanostructures from the substrate surface,and in doing so,gives rise to an uncompromised plasmonic *** work,therefore,advances the techniques needed to integrate single-crystal nanomaterials with wafer-based technologies and provides leading-edge capabilities in terms of defining large-area arrays of plasmonic structures with the nanoplate geometry.

关键词： nanoplates epitaxial array plasmon Brij-700 block copolymer substrate

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Derivation of a Formula for Mountain Height as a Function of Rank in Height

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2023年第11期11卷 3565-3584页

作者： Edward J. allen Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech University Lubbock USA

The relationship between mountain height and rank in height for a mountainous region is examined. A stochastic differential equation model is derived for the evolution of mountain elevations. The derivation is based on simple assumptions about tectonic and erosion processes in mountain elevation dynamics. At any given time, the model yields a CIR-type probability density for mountain heights. As data are often available for mountains of greatest elevation in a region, the tail of the CIR density is studied and compared with mountain height data for the highest mountains in the region. The tail density is proportional to the product of a power of height and an exponential function of height, i.e., hb-1exp(-ah) where h is mountain height and a and b are constants. The inverse distribution function of the tail probability density leads to a formula that relates rank in height to the corresponding mountain height. The formula provides, for example, a decreasing sequence of theoretical mountain heights for the region. The derived formula is tested against mountain height data sets for several mountainous regions in the British Isles, Continental Europe, Northern Africa, and North America. The derived formula provides an excellent fit to the mountain height data ranked by height.

关键词： Mountain Height Distribution SDE Geophysics Stochastic Model Orology

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INTERACTION OF A FLOATING ELLIPTIC CYLINDER WITH A VIBRATING CIRCULAR CYLINDER

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2006年第4期18卷 481-491页

作者： SUN Ren CHWANG allen T. Department of Engineering Mechanics Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University ofHong Kong Hong Kong China

The nonlinear hydrodynamic interaction between a floating elliptic cylinder and a vibrating circular cylinder immersed in an infinite fluid was investigated. By taking the added masses of the two-cylinder system into account, the dynamical equations of motion were formulated from the Lagrange equations of motion. The dynamical behaviors of these two cylinders were analyzed numerically for some typical situations, and the results show that the presence of a vibrating circular cylinder has a significant influence on the planar motion of a floating elliptic cylinder. The hydrodynamic interaction between them results in complicated nonlinear behaviors of the floating cylinder. It is found that oscillatory motion of the elliptic cylinder takes place in response to the vibrating mode of the circular one.

关键词： hydrodynamic interaction two-body interaction potential flow planar motion elliptic cylinder vibrating cylinder

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市政供配水管网无线监测系统和实践

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中国给水排水 2022年第8期38卷 1-9页

作者：顾遥 Michael allen 赛莱默<中国>有限公司上海200051

管道结构监测是市政供配水系统的重大挑战。特别是在管道发生故障后,应尽快进行检测和故障定位,并预先确定市政供配水管网的重点区域,或更有可能发生结构性故障的区域。WaterWiSe是一个系统平台,负责管理和分析来自智能无线传感器节点... 详细信息

管道结构监测是市政供配水系统的重大挑战。特别是在管道发生故障后,应尽快进行检测和故障定位,并预先确定市政供配水管网的重点区域,或更有可能发生结构性故障的区域。WaterWiSe是一个系统平台,负责管理和分析来自智能无线传感器节点网络的数据,持续监测水力、声学和水质参数。该平台支持许多应用,包括用水需求和水力状态的动态预测,爆管等事件的在线检测,以及用于识别长期趋势的数据挖掘。重点介绍部署于新加坡的WaterWiSe@SG项目,包括WaterWiSe在监测、检测和预测异常事件(表明管道出现结构性故障,如爆管或漏水)方面的使用情况,可为同行提供借鉴。

关键词：供配水系统无线传感器网络在线事件检测定位压力瞬变水锤监测

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Linking water and nutrients through the vadose zone: a fungal interface between the soil and plant systems

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Journal of Arid Land 2011年第3期3卷 155-163页

作者： Michael F allen Center for Conservation Biology University of California

Plant water availability, use, and management have largely focused on physical processes of infiltration and the role of roots in uptake and transpiration. However, roots and mycorrhizal fungi redistribute water in complex patterns. Here I describe some of our observations and experiments showing that mycorrhizal fungi play key roles in moving water for both transpiration and to facilitate nutrient acquisition under dry conditions. Mycorrhizal fungal hyphae grow from both surface and deep roots even into bedrock to help extract water under dry conditions. In both deep and surface roots, mycorrhizal fungi acquire water from pores too small for roots and root hairs to access, and at distances from roots and root hairs. Mycorrhizal fungi are also able to utilize hydraulic-lifted water from plants to obtain nutrients in extremely dry surface soils. The importance of these root symbionts in water and nutrient dynamics, and as integrators of surface and deeper water dynamics need further investigation.

关键词： mycorrhiza vadose zone hydraulic redistribution drought

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