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Effect of background electrolytes on the adsorption of nitroaromatic compounds onto bentonite

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第8期21卷 1044-1052页

作者： chen Baoliang, huang {2. department of environmental science, zhejiang university, hangzhou 31002., zhejiang, china. department of environmental {2. Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 Zhejiang China

To further elucidate interaction of nitroaromatic compounds with mineral surface, the sorption of m-dinitrobenzene （m-DNB） and nitrobenzene to original bentonite in aqueous solution containing different electrolytes （i.e., KCl, NH4Cl, CaCl2.and Tetramethylammonium bromide （TMAB）） was studied. The sorption of m-DNB was greatly enhanced with the presence of KCl and NH4Cl, while little influence was observed with CaCl2.and TMAB, following the order of KCl 〉 NH4Cl 〉〉 TMAB, CaCl2. or DI water. For nitrobenzene, sorption enhancement only occurred at high nitrobenzene concentrations in the presence of KCl, and the solute equilibrium concentration at inflexion point was lowered with increasing KCl concentration. These sorption enhancements were significantly promoted with the increase of electrolyte concentration. The salting-out effect is insufficient to account for the sorption enhancement by original bentonite with increasing KCI or NH4Cl concentration. X-ray diffraction patterns of bentonite suspensions indicated that the sorption enhancement of m-DNB was attributed to the intercalation of K^＋ or NH4^＋ into bentonite interlayer and then dehydration with m-DNB to form inner-sphere complexes, which caused previously expanded bentonite interlayers to collapse in aqueous suspension, thus further enhanced the interaction of phenyl with siloxane surface. In comparison, the sorption enhancement of NB is attributed to the formation of outer-sphere complexes with K^＋ at high solute-loadings （〉 2.（0-400 mg/kg）. The sorption of m-DNB to initially modified TMA^＋-bentonite and K^＋-bentonite was almost the same as respective sorption to original bentonite in solution containing TMA^＋ and K^＋.

关键词： sorption nitroaromatic compound bentonite cation type wastewater treatment

Improved Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cells by Interface Modification Using Atomic Layer Deposition of Ultrathin Aluminum Oxide

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Energy & environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 282-290页

作者： Ai Lan Yiqun Li Huiwen Zhu Jintao Zhu Hong Lu Hainam Do Yifan Lv Yonghua chen Zhikuan chen Fei chen Wei huang School of Flexible Electronics(Future Technologies)and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLOFE)and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials(SICAM)Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China department of Chemical and environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315000China Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of zhejiang Province Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityNingbo 315103China Frontiers science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics(IFE)and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials&EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

The interfacial contacts between the electron transporting layers(ETLs)and the photoactive layers are crucial to device performance and stability for OSCs with inverted ***,atomic layer deposition(ALD)fabricated ultrathin Al_(2.O_(3)layers are applied to modify the ETLs/active blends(PM6:BTP-BO-4F)interfaces of OSCs,thus improving device *** ALD-Al_(2.O_(3)thin layers on ZnO significantly improved its surface morphology,which led to the decreased work function of ZnO and reduced recombination losses in *** simultaneous increase in open-circuit voltage(V_(OC)),short-circuit current density(J_(SC))and fill factor(FF)were achieved for the OSCs incorporated with ALD-Al_(2.O_(3)interlayers of a certain thickness,which produced a maximum PCE of 16.61%.Moreover,the ALD-Al_(2.O_(3)interlayers had significantly enhanced device stability by suppressing degradation of the photoactive layers induced by the photocatalytic activity of ZnO and passivating surface defects of ZnO that may play the role of active sites for the adsorption of oxygen and moisture.

关键词： atomic layer deposition interface modification organic solar cells stability

Global convergence in terrestrial gross primary production response to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit

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science china(Life sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 2016-2025页

作者： Chao huang Jingfeng huang Jingfeng Xiao Xing Li Hong SHe Yu Liang Fusheng {2. Hanqin Tian Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Institute of Applied Remote Sensing&Information Technology College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Earth Systems Research Center Institute for the Study of EarthOceansand SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurham NH 03824USA Research Institute of Agriculture and Life sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea School of Natural Resources University of Missouri203 ABNR BuildingColumbiaMO 65211USA Schiller Institute for Integrated science and Society Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesBoston CollegeChestnut HillMA 02467USA

Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit(VPD)increases with climate warming and may limit plant ***,gross primary production(GPP)responses to VPD remain a mystery,offering a significant source of uncertainty in the estimation of global terrestrial ecosystems carbon *** this study,in-situ measurements,satellite-derived data,and Earth System Models(ESMs)simulations were analysed to show that the GPP of most ecosystems has a similar threshold in response to VPD:first increasing and then *** VPD exceeds these thresholds,atmospheric drought stress reduces soil moisture and stomatal conductance,thereby decreasing the productivity of terrestrial *** ESMs underscore CO_(2. fertilization effects but predict significant GPP decline in low-latitude ecosystems when VPD exceeds the *** results emphasize the impacts of climate warming on VPD and propose limitations to future ecosystems productivity caused by increased atmospheric water *** VPD,soil moisture,and canopy conductance interactions into ESMs enhances the prediction of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change.

关键词： atmospheric water demands soil moisture stomatal conductance photosynthesis climate warming

First wetland mapping at 10-m spatial resolution in South America using multi-source and multi-feature remote sensing data

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science china Earth sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3252-3269页

作者： Weiwei SUN Gang YANG Yuling huang Dehua MAO Ke huang Lin ZHU Xiangchao MENG Tian FENG Chao {2. Yong GE department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China State Key Laboratory of Resources and environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences&Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Natural Resources and Planning Bureau Shanghai Pudong New DistrictShanghai 200100China Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer science Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China School of Geography science and Geomatics Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China

Wetland degradation has been accelerating in recent years globally. Accurate information on the geographic distribution and categories of wetlands is essential for their conservation and management. Despite being the world′s fourth largest continent, South America has limited research on wetland mapping, and there is currently no available map that provides comprehensive information on wetland distribution and categories in the region. To address this issue, we used Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2.and SRTM data, developed a sample collection method and a wetland mapping method with a collection of multi-source features such as optical features, polarization features and shape features for South American wetlands. We produced a 10-m resolution wetland map based on the Google Earth Engine(GEE) platform. Our Level-1 wetland cover map accurately captured six wetland sub-categories with an overall accuracy of 96.2.% and a kappa coefficient of 0.8649, while our Level-2.water cover map included five sub-categories with an overall accuracy of 97.2.% and a kappa coefficient of0.9368. The results show that the total area of existing wetlands in South America is approximately 1,737,000 km~2. which is6.8% of the total land area. Among the ten wetland categories, shallow sea had the largest area(960,52..4 km~2., while aquaculture ponds had the smallest area 1513.6 km~2. Swamp had the second largest area(306,2.0.1 km~2.. Brazil, Argentina,Venezuela, Bolivia, and Colombia were found to have the largest wetland areas, with Brazil and Colombia having the most diverse wetland categories. This product can serve as baseline data for subsequent monitoring, management, and conservation of South American wetlands.

关键词： Wetland mapping Google Earth Engine Sentinel imagery South America

A Lipidomic Study of the Effects of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on Sphingomyelin Metabolism

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2005年第8期37卷 515-524页

作者： Yun huang~(&#) Jing SHEN~# Ting WANG Yan-Ke YU Fanqing E chen~1 Jun YANG~* {2. of Pathology and Pathophysiology,Center for environmental Genomics zhejiang university School of Medicine,hangzhou 310031,china ~1 Molecular Biology Branch.Life science Division,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,university of California at Berkeley,Berkeley,CA 9472.,USA {2. of Chemistry,Georgia State university.Atlanta,GA 30303.USA department of Pathology and Pathophysiology Center for Environmental Genomics Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310031 China Molecular Biology Branch Life Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California at BerkeleyBerkeley CA 94720 USA

Systems biology is a new and rapidly developing research area in which,by quantitativelydescribing the interaction among all the individual components of a cell,a systems-level understanding of abiological response can be ***,it requires high-throughput measurement technologies forbiological molecules,such as genomic and proteomic approaches for DNA/RNA and protein,***,a new concept,lipidomics,which utilizes the mass spectrometry(MS)method for lipid analysis,has been *** this lipidomic approach,the effects of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)on sphingomyelin metabolism,a major class of sphingolipids,were *** moleculeswere extracted from cells and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight *** found that MNNG induced profound changes in sphingomyelin metabolism,including the appearance ofsome new sphingomyelin species and the disappearance of some others,and the concentrations of severalsphmgomyelin species also *** was accompanied by the redistribution of acid sphingomyelinase(ASM),a key player in sphingomyelin *** the other hand,imipramine,an inhibitor of ASM,caused the accumulation of *** also prevented some of the effects of MNNG,as well as theredistribution of *** together,these data suggested that the lipidomic approach is highly effectivefor the systematic analysis of cellular lipids metabolism.

关键词： lipidomics mass spectrometry ceramide sphingomyelin acid sphingomyelinase

Modified accumulation of selected heavy metals in Bt transgenic rice

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第11期21卷 1607-1612页

作者： WANG Haiyan, huang Jianzhong, YE Qingfu, WU Dianxing, chen Ziyuan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural {2.s, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural {2.s of Ministry of Agriculture and zhejiang Province, zhejiang university, hangzhou 31002., china Institute of Nuclear Agricultural sciences Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Safety assessment of genetically modified crops generally does not take into account the potential hazard of altered patterns of heavy metal accumulation in plants. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the impact of heavy metal amendments on the accumulation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in a Bt transgenic rice Ke-Ming-Dao （KMD） and its wild-type Xiushui 11 （Xs11）. In control soils, significant difference was only found in contents of Cu （p 〈 0.01） and Pb （p 〈 0.05） in straw between KMD and Xs11. At three levels of Cd amendments （5, 10, and 2. mg/kg）, the Cd contents in grain and straw of KMD were significantly higher than those of Xs11, and all grain Cd contents were significantly higher than the International Criteria （0.2.0.4 mg/kg） as specified by the Codex Alimentarius Commission （CAC）. These results implied that it may be unsafe for growing Bt transgenic rice in heavily Cd-polluted areas. No significant difference in Zn was found between the two varieties with the exception of roots at Zn amendment level of 600 mg/kg, while Pb contents in KMD were much higher in the straw at the lead amendment level of 1000 mg/kg and in the root at 2.0 mg Pb/kg. Data on the heavy metal accumulation patterns for the genetically modified rice may be used for the selection of growing areas as well as for plant residue management for Bt rice.

关键词： Bt transgenic rice heavy metal bioaccumulation trace elements

High nitrogen fertilizer input enhanced the microbial network complexity in the paddy soil

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第2期6卷 97-109页

作者： Yanan chen Yan Li Tianyi Qiu Haoran He Ji Liu chengjiao Duan Yongxing Cui Min {2. Chunyan Wu Linchuan Fang The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYangling712100China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and MWRYangling712100China university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing100049China Institute of Environment Resource and Soil Fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation Central China Normal UniversityWuhan430079China department of Ecohydrology Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesBerlin12587Germany Sino-French Institute for Earth System science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China College of Resources and environmental Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary science and Global Change Xi’an710061China

N fertilizer altered bacterial community compositions by changing soil nutrients.•Bacterial ammonia oxidation became predominated with the increasing N rate.•Excessive N input caused the information of a more complex microbial network.•Intensified microbial competition by excessive N was due to negative link ***(N)fertilization drives the structure and function of soil microbial communities,which are crucial for regulating soil biogeochemical cycling and maintaining ecosystem *** the N fertilizer effects on soil microbial composition and diversity have been widely investigated,it is generally overlooked that ecosystem processes are carried out via complex associations among microbiome ***,we examined the effects of five N fertilization levels(0,135,180,2.5,and 360 kg N ha−1)on microbial co-occurrence networks and key functional taxa such as ammonia-oxidizers in paddy *** results showed that N addition altered microbial community composition,which were positively related to soil total N and available phosphorus(P)*** abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)significantly decreased after N addition,whereas ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)increased in N360 *** with low-N group(N0 and N135),the high-N group(N2.5 and N360)shaped more complex microbial webs and thus improved the stability of the microbial *** least squares path modeling further revealed that N fertilizer had a higher effect on microbial network complexity in the high-N group(0.83)than the low-N group(0.49).Although there were more positive links across all microbial networks,the proportion of negative links significantly increased in the high-N network,suggesting that excess N addition aggravated the competition among microbial *** these interactions between microbial communities and N fertilization advances our understanding of biogeochemical processes in paddy soils and their effects on nutrient supply to

关键词： nitrogen fertilizer paddy soil co-occurrence network microbial interaction

Variation of Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities at Different Growth Stages of Rice (Oryza sativa)

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Rice science 2005年第4期12卷 283-288页

作者： ZENG Lu-sheng LIAO Min chen cheng-li {2. Chang-yong department of Resources science College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

A pot experiment was conducted under submerged conditions with hybrid rice Zhenong 7 to study the variation in the soil microbial biomass carbon （Cmic）, soil microbial biomass nitrogen （Nmic）, soil respiration rate, soil microbial metabolic quotient, soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll content, proline content and peroxidase activity （POD） in rice leaf at different growth stages. The soil Cmic, Nmic and soil respiration rate significantly increased at the early stage and then declined during rice growth, but ascended slightly at maturity. However, soil metabolic quotient declined at all the stages. Soil urease activity increased at first and then decreased, while acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities descended before ascended and then descended again. Soil urease activity and acid phosphatase activity showed a peak value at the tillering stage about 30 days after rice transplanting, but the peak value of dehydrogenase activity emerged at about 50 days after rice transplanting and the three soil enzymatic activities were significantly different at the different developmental stages. As rice growing, chlorophyll content in rice leaf descended at the early stage then ascended and a peak value appeared at about the 70th after rice transplanting, after that declined drastically, while POD activity increased gradually, but proline content declined gradually. There was a slight relation between rice physiological indices and soil biochemical indices, which indicated that soil biochemical characteristics were affected significantly by rice growth in the interaction system of the rice. soil and microorganisms.

关键词： rice soil microbial biomass soil metabolic quotient soil enzyme activity chlorophyll proline peroxidase

Quantifying the agreement and accuracy characteristics of four satellite-based LULC products for cropland classification in china

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 283-297页

作者： Jie Xue Xianglin Zhang Songchao chen Bifeng Hu Nan Wang Zhou Shi department of Land Management Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China ZJU-hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 311215China department of Land Resource Management School of Public Finance and Public AdministrationJiangxi University of Finance and EconomicsNanchang 330013China Key Laboratory of Data science in Finance and Economics Jiangxi University of Finance and EconomicsNanchang 330013China Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHangzhou 310058China

Various land use and land cover(LULC)products have been produced over the past decade with the development of remote sensing *** the differences in LULC classification schemes,there is a lack of research on assessing the accuracy of their application to croplands in a unified ***,this study evaluated the spatial and area accuracies of cropland classification for four commonly used global LULC products(i.e.,MCD12.1V6,GlobCover2.09,FROM-GLC and GlobeLand30)based on the harmonised FAO criterion,and quantified the relationships between four factors(i.e.,slope,elevation,field size and crop system)and cropland classification *** validation results indicated that MCD12.1 and GlobeLand30 performed well in cropland classification regarding spatial consistency,with overall accuracies of 94.90 and 93.52.,*** FROMGLC showed the worst performance,with an overall accuracy of 83.17%.Overlaying the cropland generated by the four global LULC products,we found the proportions of complete agreement and disagreement were 15.51 and 44.72. for the cropland classification,*** consistency was mainly observed in the Northeast china Plain,the huang-Huai-Hai Plain and the northern part of the Middle-lower Yangtze Plain,*** contrast,low consistency was detected primarily on the eastern edge of the northern and semiarid region,the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and southern *** size was the most important factor for mapping *** area accuracy,compared with china Statistical Yearbook data at the provincial scale,the accuracies of different products in descending order were:GlobeLand30,FROM-GLC,MCD12.1,and *** cropland classification schemes mainly caused large area deviations among the four products,and they also resulted in the different ranks of spatial accuracy and area accuracy among the four *** results can provide valuable suggestions for selecting cropland products at the national or provinc

关键词： global LULC products cropland mapping accuracy evaluation food security china