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AI Fairness-From Machine Learning to Federated Learning

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1203-1215页

作者： Lalit Mohan Patnaik wenfeng wang Consciousness Studies Program School of HumanitiesNational Institute of Advanced StudiesBangalore560012India Research Institute of Intelligent Engineering and Data Applications Shanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghai201418China Research Center of Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi830011China Applied Nonlinear Science Lab Anand International College of EngineeringJaipur391320India London Institute of Technology The ASE-London CTI of SCOLondonCR26EQUK Sino-Indian Joint Research Center of AI and Robotics The IMT InstituteBhubaneswar752054India

This article reviews the theory of fairness in AI-frommachine learning to federated learning,where the constraints on precision AI fairness and perspective solutions are also *** a reliable and quantitative evaluation of AI fairness,many associated concepts have been proposed,formulated and ***,the inexplicability of machine learning systems makes it almost impossible to include all necessary details in the modelling stage to ensure *** privacy worries induce the data unfairness and hence,the biases in the datasets for evaluating AI fairness are *** imbalance between algorithms’utility and humanization has further reinforced *** for federated learning systems,these constraints on precision AI fairness still *** solution is to reconcile the federated learning processes and reduce biases and imbalances accordingly.

关键词： Formulation evaluation classification constraints imbalance biases

Surface integrity evolution during creep feed profile grinding ofγ-TiAl blade tenon

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第8期37卷 496-512页

作者： Tao CHEN Xiaowei wang Biao ZHAO wenfeng DING Jiuhua XU National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

Gamma titanium-aluminum(γ-TiAl)intermetallic compounds are increasingly used in manufacturing key hot-end components(e.g.,blade tenon)in aero engines due to their high specific strength and lightweight *** feed profile grinding(CFPG)as a crucial precision process that is applied to produce the final profile of the blade ***,sudden surface burns and microcracks of machined c-TiAl blade tenon often occur because of its low plasticity and high strength during grinding processes,leading to poor surface *** this work,CFPG experiments based on the profile characteristics ofγ-TiAl blade tenon were performed and an associated undeformed chip thickness model considering grain–workpiece contact condition was established to explore the evolution of the surface ***,the surface integrity was analyzed at different positions of the blade tenon in terms of surface roughness and morphology,metallographic structure,microhardness,and residual *** show that the profile characteristics of blade tenon have a significant influence on machined surface integrity because of the thermomechanical effect at various detecting *** residual stress was established based on the undeformed chip thickness model considering the profile structure,with a prediction error of 10%–15%.The thermomechanical effect is more obvious at the bottom area,where the surface roughness,work hardening degree,and subsurface plastic deformation range are the largest,while the values at the bevel area are the *** on the undeformed chip thickness model,a residual stress finite element simulation was conducted by employing thermomechanical coupled *** addition,the error between the simulation and the experiment was between 10%–15%.Strain and strain rate equations were established through the relationship between material displacement and *** average strain and strain rate of the ground surface when ap is 1.0 mm are 18.8%and 33.2%l

关键词： Gamma titanium-aluminum intermetallic compounds Blade tenon Creep feed profile grinding Surface integrity Thermomechanical effect

Data delivery delay and cross-layer packet size analysis for reliable transmission of Licklider transmission protocol in space networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 229-244页

作者： Guannan YANG Ruhai wang Kanglian ZHAO wenfeng LI Dong YAN School of Information Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Drayer Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lamar University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Beijing Aircraft Overall Design Department

Delay/disruption tolerant networking(DTN) is proposed as a networking architecture to overcome challenging space communication characteristics for reliable data transmission service in presence of long propagation delays and/or lengthy link disruptions. Bundle protocol(BP) and Licklider Transmission Protocol(LTP) are the main key technologies for DTN. LTP red transmission offers a reliable transmission mechanism for space networks. One of the key metrics used to measure the performance of LTP in space applications is the end-to-end data delivery delay, which is influenced by factors such as the quality of spatial channels and the size of cross-layer packets. In this paper, an end-to-end reliable data delivery delay model of LTP red transmission is proposed using a roulette wheel algorithm, and the roulette wheel algorithm is more in line with the typical random characteristics in space networks. The proposed models are validated through real data transmission experiments on a semi-physical testing platform. Furthermore, the impact of cross-layer packet size on the performance of LTP reliable transmission is analyzed, with a focus on bundle size, block size, and segment size. The analysis and study results presented in this paper offer valuable contributions towards enhancing the reliability of LTP transmission in space communication scenarios.

关键词： Licklider transmission protocol DTN bundle protocol cross-layer packets size space communication

Constructing porous ZnFC-PA/PSF composite spheres for highly efficient Cs^(+) removal

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 126-137页

作者： Senjian Han Chao Gao wenfeng Yan Yafei Guo Shiqiang wang Tianlong Deng College of Marine and Environmental Sciences Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin 300457China Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology Ministry of EducationTianjin 300457China

Radioisotope leaking from nuclear waste has become an intractable problem due to its gamma radiation and strong water *** this work,a novel porous ZnFC-PA/PSF composite sphere was fabricated by immobilization of ferrocyanides modified zinc phytate into polysulfone(PSF)substrate for the treatment of Cs-contaminated *** maximum adsorption capacity of ZnFC-PA/PSF was 305.38 mg/g,and the removal efficiency of Cs+was reached 94.27%within 2 *** ZnFC-PA/PSF presented favorable stability with negligible dissolution loss of Zn^(2+)and Fe^(2+)(2%).The ZnFC-PA/PSF achieved high-selectivity towards Cs+(K_(d)=2.24×10^(4)mL/g)even in actual geothermal *** adsorption mechanism was inferred to be the ion-exchange between Cs^(+)and K^(+).What’s more,ZnFC-PA/PSF worked well in the fixed-bed adsorption(E=91.92%),indicating the application potential for the hazardous Cs^(+)removal from wastewater.

关键词： Adsorption Cesium Metal ferrocyanide Composite adsorbent

Frequency and Reliability Analysis of Load-Bearing Composite Beams

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Automotive Innovation 2024年第1期7卷 194-207页

作者： Junlei Wei Lingyu Sun Xinli Gao wenfeng Pan Jiaxin wang Jinxi wang School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang University37 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Beijing Key Laboratory for High-Efficient Power Transmission and System Control of New Energy Resource Vehicle Beihang University37 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Beijing Hangshu Vehicle Data Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100062China

The increasing utilization of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics(FRTPs)as a substitute for metal in load-bearing structures poses challenges related to NVH issues arising from frequency variations and reliability concerns stemming from fiber dispersion within the resin *** this study,the steel automobile seat beam serves as a benchmark for *** beams are designed and fabricated using two distinct processes:compression molding and injection ***,their modal frequency and reliability are meticulously *** investigations are conducted to explore the influence of various factors,including the combination of laminates and ribs,as well as the stacking sequence of laminates,on the modal *** findings reveal that the modal frequency and vibration mode are subject to alterations based on the fiber type,beam material,and laminate stacking ***,in comparison to the steel benchmark,the first-order frequency of the FRTP beam in this study experiences a 6.59%increase while simultaneously achieving a weight reduction of 32.42%.To assess reliability,a comprehensive analysis is performed,considering a six-fold standard *** analysis yields the permissible range of fluctuation for material elastic constants,bending performance,and frequency ***,the FRTP beams meet the required reliability *** results provide valuable insights for comprehending the stiffness-dependent response and effectively controlling structural performance when implementing FRTP for weight reduction purposes.

关键词： Automobile Fiber-reinforced thermoplastics Lightweight design Frequency change Reliability analysis

PAL-BERT:An Improved Question Answering Model

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 2729-2745页

作者： wenfeng Zheng Siyu Lu Zhuohang Cai Ruiyang wang Lei wang Lirong Yin School of Automation University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA

In the field of natural language processing(NLP),there have been various pre-training language models in recent years,with question answering systems gaining significant ***,as algorithms,data,and computing power advance,the issue of increasingly larger models and a growing number of parameters has ***,model training has become more costly and less *** enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the training process while reducing themodel volume,this paper proposes a first-order pruningmodel PAL-BERT based on the ALBERT model according to the characteristics of question-answering(QA)system and language ***,a first-order network pruning method based on the ALBERT model is designed,and the PAL-BERT model is ***,the parameter optimization strategy of the PAL-BERT model is formulated,and the Mish function was used as an activation function instead of ReLU to improve the ***,after comparison experiments with traditional deep learning models TextCNN and BiLSTM,it is confirmed that PALBERT is a pruning model compression method that can significantly reduce training time and optimize training *** with traditional models,PAL-BERT significantly improves the NLP task’s performance.

关键词： PAL-BERT question answering model pretraining language models ALBERT pruning model network pruning TextCNN BiLSTM

Effect of Y,Al Co‑Doping on Hydrogen Storage Properties of La–Mg–Ni‑Based Alloys

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第8期37卷 1399-1410页

作者： Guanjiu Wu Yichao Xie Yuan Li Qing wang Chenfeng Fan wenfeng wang Lu Zhang Shumin Han Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

La–Mg–Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys have excellent hydrogen storage *** work reports the hydrogen storage performance of a series of A_(2)B_(7)-type La_(0.96)Mg_(0.04)N_(i3.34)Al_(0.13)alloy and La_(0.96-x)Y_(x)Mg_(0.04)Ni_(3.47–0.6x)Al_(0.6x)(x=0,0.22,0.33,0.44)alloys,and explores the effect of Y and Al element combined substitution on the microstructure and hydrogen storage performance of A_(2)B_(7)-type La–Mg–Ni-based *** alloys are composed of Ce_(2)Ni_(7)phase and LaNi_(5)*** the increase of x,the cell volume of Ce_(2)Ni_(7)phase decreases,while that of LaNi_(5)phase increases,indicating that Y atom mainly enters Ce_(2)Ni_(7)phase and Al atom mainly enters LaNi_(5)*** appropriate amount of co-substitution increases the hydrogen storage capacity and reduces the hydrogen absorption/desorption plateau pressure hysteresis of the *** x=0.44,the hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy is 1.449 wt%,and the hysteresis coefficient is *** cell volume of Ce_(2)Ni_(7)phase and LaNi_(5)phase expands to different degrees after 20 absorption/desorption *** the increase of x,the volume expansion rate decreases,and the cycle capacity retention rate also gradually *** is related to the amorphization of Ce_(2)Ni_(7)*** x=0.22,the capacity retention rate of the alloy is 91.4%.

关键词： La-Mg-Ni-based alloys Gas-phase hydrogen storage performance Ce_(2)Ni_(7)phase LaNi_(5)phase Capacity retention rate

Simulating the evolution of focused waves by a two-layer Boussinesq-type model

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第5期43卷 91-99页

作者： Ping wang Zhongbo Liu Kezhao Fang wenfeng Zou Xiangke Dong Jiawen Sun State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Restoration National Marine Environmental Monitoring CenterDalian 116023China College of Transportation Engineering Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Accurate simulation of the evolution of freak waves by the wave phase focusing method requires accurate linear and nonlinear properties,especially in deep-water *** this paper,we analyze the ability to simulate deep-water focused waves of a two-layer Boussinesq-type(BT)model,which has been shown to have excellent linear and nonlinear *** further improve the numerical accuracy and stability,the internal wavegenerated method is introduced into the two-layer Boussinesq-type ***,the sensitivity of the numerical results to the grid resolution is analyzed to verify the convergence of the model;secondly,the focused wave propagating in two opposite directions is simulated to prove the symmetry of the numerical results and the feasibility of the internal wave-generated method;thirdly,the limiting focused wave condition is simulated to compare and analyze the wave surface and the horizontal velocity of the profile at the focusing position,which is in good agreement with the measured *** the simulation of focused waves in very deep waters agrees well with the measured values,which further demonstrates the capability of the two-layer BT model in simulating focused waves in deep waters.

关键词： focused waves numerical simulation Boussinesq-type model velocity profile

Carbon uptake by cement in China:Estimation and contribution to carbon neutrality goals

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 2056-2067页

作者： Mingjing MA Zi HUANG Jiaoyue wang Le NIU wenfeng ZHANG Xiaowei XU Fengming XI Zhu LIU Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxfordOX13UK

Cement is a widely used construction material *** manufacturing contributes to anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions ***,its alkaline compounds can absorb CO_(2)from the surrounding environment and engage in a carbonation reaction,thereby functioning as a carbon *** a major cement producer and consumer,China has an important responsibility to rigorously investigate and accurately account for cement carbon *** study presents a comprehensive analytical model of cement carbon uptake from China,revealing a substantial increase in carbon uptake from 1930 to 2021,peaking at 426.77 Mt CO_(2)(95% Confidence Interval:317.67-874.33 Mt CO_(2))in *** uptake accounts for 8.10% to 45.40% of China’s annual land sink and 2.51% to 4.54% of the global land *** cumulative carbon uptake by cement is approximately 7.06 Gt CO_(2)(95%CI:5.22–9.44 Gt CO_(2))during this period,offsetting 50.7% of the total emissions(13.91 Gt CO_(2),95%CI:12.44–17.00 Gt CO_(2))from the cement ***,cement mortar contributed to most absorption(65.64%).From a life cycle perspective,the service stage of cement materials is the period where the largest CO_(2)sink is formed,accounting for 90.03% of the ***,the potential for carbon sequestration in cement materials and their waste is ***,the model improves the accuracy of cement carbon accounting,supporting both China and global carbon neutrality ***,it is crucial for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goals sooner by prioritizing the environmental benefits of cement materials and wastes,and accelerating the development and commercialization of CO_(2)sequestration technologies for cement and its by-products.

关键词： Cement Carbon uptake Life cycle assessment Carbon emission reduction Carbon neutrality