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Microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed traditional Chinese herbal medicines

Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013年第1期33卷 119-124页

作者： Adelinesuyien Ting Yiingyng Chow weishang tan School of Science Monash University Sunway Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway 46150 Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia

OBJECTIVE： The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alterna- tive medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. This study aimed to assess the level of microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicine in Malay- sia and the effects of boiling on these contamination levels. METHODS： Four commonly consumed Chinese herbal medicine in Malaysia-＂Eight Treasure Herbal Tea＂, ＂Herbal Tea＂, Xiyangshen （Radix Panacis Quin- quefolii） and Dangshen （Radix Codonopsis） were evaluated in this study. Herbal medicines were pre- pared as boiled and non-boiled decoctions, and their microbial enumeration and heavy metal detection were conducted with plate assay and atom- ic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS： Findings revealed that herbal medicines generally had 6 Iogl0cfu/mL microbial cells and that boiling had significantly reduced microbial contaminants, where no Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. were recovered. Heavy metals such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe and Zn were also detect- ed from all the samples, generally in low concentra- tions （〈1 mg/L） except for Mn （18.545 mg/L）. All de- coctions （after boiling） have reduced concentra- tions of Cu, while others were not significantly dif- ferent. Comparisons between samples with single and multi-herbs suggest level of microbial and metal contamination is not influenced by number of herbs in sample. CONCLUSION： Herbal medicines generally have microbial and heavy metal contaminants. However, the boiling process to generate decoctions was able to successfully reduce the number of microbes and Cu, ensuring safety of herbal medicines for consumption.

关键词： Decoction processing Drug contamination Heavy metal poisoning, nervous system Microbial consortia Drugs, Chinese herbal

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Hyperbranched polyamidoamine protective layer with phosphate and carboxyl groups for dendrite-free Zn metal anodes

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第10期35卷 521-525页

作者： Xinxiu Yan Xizhe Huang Yangyang Liu weishang Jia Hualin Chen Qi Yao Tao Chen Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission School of Chemistry and Environment Southwest Minzu University School of Materials Science and Engineering Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Institute of smart city and intelligent transportation Southwest Jiaotong University

Zinc metal is regarded as one of the most promising anodes for Zn-based batteries in next-generation energy storage systems. However, the dendrite growth and interfacial corrosion lead to poor reversibility and cycle life of Zn anodes. Herein, we synthesize a 2-phosphate-1,2,4-butane tricarboxylic acid modified hyperbranched polyamidoamine containing rich terminal groups of phosphate and carboxyl（HPC） as modified layer for the Zn anodes. Importantly, the in situ acid-etching promotes the exposure of（002）Zn plane and the generated salt-polymer complexes could be adhered to the Zn anodes tightly. This greatly favors the uniform deposition of Zn and inhibits interfacial corrosion. Consequently, stable HPC@Zn anode plating/stripping for over 1200 h at a high areal capacity of 4 mAh/cm2and a current density of 4 m A/cm2is obtained. This study provides a new avenue of hyperbranched polymer in interfacial design for highly reversible and stable Zn metal anodes.

关键词： Functional groups Hyperbranched polyamidoamine Surface chemistry Zn anode Zn metal batteries

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Synchronization of Drive-Response Networks With Delays on Time Scales

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 1063-1065页

作者： Yanxia tan Zhenkun Huang the School of Science Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021China

Dear Editor,This letter deals with the synchronization in drive-response networks with discrete and distributed delays on time *** on the theory of calculus on time scales,Lyapunov functional method and inequality technique,we obtain new sufficient conditions to ensure synchronization criteria which are dependent on boundedness of grainness but independent of the types of *** simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our new results.

关键词： inequality letter boundedness

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Influence of ambient temperature on the CO_(2)emitted of light-duty vehicle

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 59-68页

作者： Dan tan Yachao Wang Jianwei tan Jiachen Li Changyu Wang Yunshan Ge School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Because of global warming,people have paid more attention to greenhouse gas emitted by *** quantify the impact of temperature on vehicle CO_(2)emissions,this study was conducted using the world light vehicle test cycle on two light-duty E10 gasoline vehicles a ambient temperatures of-10,0,23,and 40℃,and found that CO_(2)emission factors of Vehicle1 in the low-speed phase were 22.07%and 20.22%higher than those of Vehicle 2 at cold star and hot start under-10℃.The reason was vehicle 1 had a larger displacement and more friction pairs than vehicle *** was the highest CO_(2)emission at the low-speed phase due to low average speed,frequent acceleration,and *** CO_(2)temperature factor and the ambient temperature had a strong linear correlation(R2=0.99).According to CO_(2)temperature factors and their relationships,CO_(2)emission factors of other ambien temperatures could be calculated when the CO_(2)emission factor of 23℃was obtained,and the method also could be used to obtain the CO_(2)temperature factors of different *** separate the effect of load setting and temperature variation on CO_(2)emission quantitatively a method was *** results showed that the load setting was dominant for the CO_(2)emission *** with 23℃,the CO_(2)emission for vehicle 1 caused by load setting variation were 62.83 and 47.42 g/km,respectively at-10 and 0℃,while those fo vehicle 2 were 45.01 and 35.63 g/km,respectively.

关键词： CO_(2)emission Ambient temperature E10 gasoline Light-duty vehicle WLTC

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Exploring the functional roles of small-molecule metabolites in disease research:Recent advancements in metabolomics

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第8期35卷 93-100页

作者： Aolei tan Xiaoxiao Ma Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Metabolism encompasses a series of intricate biochemical processes that are vital for the sustenance of life in ***,an essential scientific discipline,is a field of study within the broader domain of systems biology that focuses on the comprehensive analysis of small molecules,known as metabolites including lipids,coenzymes,etc.,which are synthesized during *** the contin-uous development of metabolomics,the multiple biological functions of metabolites are constantly being discovered,encompassing signal transduction and enzyme stimulation,while concurrently exhibiting as-sociations with afflictions like cancer and *** comprehension of metabolite functionalities and their intricate interplay with disease conditions assumes paramount importance in both disease-focused research endeavors and the development of diagnostic *** scholarly exposition undertakes an ex-tensive review of recent advancements in the investigation of functional roles assumed by metabolites,with specific emphasis on metabolites in lipid synthesis,glucose metabolism and exogenous metabolites.

关键词： Metabolites Small molecules Biological functions Physiological processes Diseases

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Best Paper Award 2022

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Building Simulation 2024年第1期17卷 1-2页

作者： Gang tan College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University HangzhouZhejiang 310058China

I am pleased to announce that the following paper has been awarded the Best Review Paper 2022,which stands out from the 24 review papers published by Building Simulation from 2018(Volume 11)to 2022(Volume 15):Yuejing Zhao&Bin Zhao."Emissions of air pollutants from Chinese cooking:A literature review."Building Simulation,2018,11(5):977-995.

关键词： cooking stands award

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Preface to the Special Issue:AI Applications in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science:Pioneering the Future(Part I)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1279-1280页

作者： Zhemin tan Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather Ministry of Educationand School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

As AI continues to establish itself as a cornerstone technology across various industries and scientific disciplines,its profound impact on atmospheric and oceanic science is becoming increasingly *** advantages of AI in surmounting obstacles within our field are undeniable,as evidenced by breakthroughs in weather forecasting(e.g.,Bi et al.,2023),climate prediction(e.g.,Ham et al.,2019),AI-based parameterization schemes(e.g.,Rasp et al.,2018;Wang and tan,2023),and *** the transformative potential of AI in atmospheric and oceanic science,this special issue endeavors to explore the extensive applications of AI in our domain.

关键词： weather forecasting prediction

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Amorphous hybrid tungsten oxide–nickel hydroxide nanosheets used as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2499-2508页

作者： Chao Lyu Chenghai Dai Yiwei tan State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China

There are more challenges for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)via simultaneously expediting the electron-coupled water dissociation process(Volmer step)and the following electrochemical H_(2) desorption(Heyrovsky step).Hybrid amorphous electrocatalysts are highly desirable for efficient hydrogen evolution from water-alkali electrolyzers due to the bifunctionality for the different elementary steps of HER and optimal interactions with water molecules and the reactive hydrogen intermediates(Had).Herein,the synthesis of amorphous hybrid ultrathin(tungsten oxide/nickel hydroxide)hydrate(a-[WO_(3)/Ni(OH)_(2)]·0.2H_(2)O)nanosheets on nickel foam(NF)for efficient alkaline HER is *** structural and composition features of a-[WO_(3)/Ni(OH)_(2)]·0.2H_(2)O are characterized in *** resulting a-[WO_(3)/Ni(OH)_(2)]·0.2H_(2)O/NF electrocatalyst with the synergistic effect of both hybrid components for the HER elementary steps shows greatly improved the activity and durability for the HER with a low overpotential of-41 and-163 mV at-10 and-500 mA·cm^(-2),respectively,a Tafel slope as low as-72.9 mV·dec^(-1),and long-term stability of continuous electrolysis for at least 150 h accompanying by inappreciable overpotential change in 1 M *** the hybrid a-[WO_(3)/Ni(OH)_(2)]·0.2H_(2)O,Ni(OH)_(2) and WO_(3) moieties are separately responsible for accelerating dissociative adsorption of water and weakening Had adsorption strength,which is beneficial to the improvement of the alkaline HER activity.

关键词： amorphous nanomaterial bimetallic electrocatalyst tungsten oxide ultrathin nanosheet hydrogen evolution reaction

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A Novel Extremum Seeking Control to Enhance Convergence and Robustness in the Presence of Nonlinear Dynamic Sensors

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 3-21页

作者： LIU Hengchang tan Ying OETOMO Denny School of Electrical Mechanical and Infrastructure EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkville VIC 3010Australia

This paper focuses on optimizing an unknown cost function through extremum seeking(ES)control in the presence of a slow nonlinear dynamic sensor responsible for measuring the *** contrast to traditional perturbation-based ES control,which often suffers from sluggish convergence,the proposed method eliminates the time-scale separation between sensor dynamics and ES control by using the relative degree of the nonlinear sensor *** improve the convergence rate,the authors incorporate high-frequency dither signals and a *** enhance the robustness with the existence of rapid disturbances,an off-the-shelf linear high-gain differentiator is *** first result demonstrates that,for any desired convergence rate,with properly tuned parameters for the proposed ES algorithm,the input of the cost function can converge to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the optimal solution,starting from any initial condition within any given compact ***,the second result shows the robustness of the proposed ES control in the presence of sufficiently fast,zero-mean periodic *** results substantiate these theoretical findings.

关键词： Averaging extremum seeking optimization singular perturbation time-scale separation

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An Improved Method for Approximating the Infinite-Horizon Value Function of the Discrete-Time Switched LQR Problem

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 22-39页

作者： HOU tan LI Yuanlong LIN Zongli Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of ChinaShanghai 200240China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai 200240China Charles L.Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904-4743USA

This paper considers the problem of approximating the infinite-horizon value function of the discrete-time switched LQR *** particular,the authors propose a new value iteration method to generate a sequence of monotonically decreasing functions that converges exponentially to the value *** method facilitates us to use coarse approximations resulting from faster but less accurate algorithms for further value iteration,and thus,the proposed approach is capable of achieving a better approximation for a given computation time compared with the existing *** numerical examples are presented in this paper to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Optimal control switched linear systems switched LQR problem.

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