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Application of Kinetic Models in Descr.bing Soil Potassium r.lease Char.cter.stics and Their.Cor.elations with Potassium Extr.cted by Chemical Methods

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Pedospher. 2013年第4期23卷 482-492页

作者： A. r. HOSSEINPUr.H. r. MOTAGHIAN Depar.ment of Soil Science College of Agriculture Shahrekord University

Potassium （K） r.lease char.cter.stics in soil play a significant r.le in supplying available K. Infor.ation on K-r.lease char.cter.stics in soils of centr.l Ir.n is limited. The objectives of this study wer. to deter.ine K r.lease char.cter.stics and cor.elations of K r.lease r.te constants with K extr.cted by differ.nt chemical methods in sur.ace soils of ten calcar.ous soils of centr.l Ir.n. The kinetics of K r.lease in the soils was deter.ined by successive extr.ction with 0.01 mol L-1 CaC12 in a per.od of 2-2017 h at 25±1℃. Soil K was extr.cted by distilled water. 0.5 mol L-1 MgNO3, 0.002 mol L-1 Sr.12, 0.1 mol L-1 BaC12, 0.01 mol L-1 CaC12, 1 mol L-1 NaC1, 1 mol L-1 boiling HNO3, 1 mol L-1 NH4OAC, Mehlich 1, 0.002 mol L-1 Sr.12 ＋ 0.05 mol L-1 citr.c acid, and ammonium bicar.onate-diethylenetr.amine pentaacetic acid （AB-DTPA）. A plot of cumulative amounts of K r.leased showed a discontinuity in slope at 168 h. Thus, two equations wer. applied to two segments of the total r.action time （2-168 and 168-2 017 h）. Cumulative amounts of K r.leased r.nged fr.m 55 to 299 mg kg-1 in 2-168 h and fr.m 44 to 119 mg kg-1 in 168-2 017 h. r.lease kinetics of K in the two time segments confor.ed fair.y well to par.bolic diffusion, simplified Elovich, and power.function models. Ther. was a wide var.ation in the K r.lease r.te constants. Incr.asingly higher.aver.ge concentr.tions of soil K wer. extr.cted by distilled water. Mehlich 1, Sr.12, CaC12, Sr.12 ＋ citr.c acid, AB-DTPA, MgNO3, NaCI, NH4OAc, BaCI2, and HNO3. Potassium r.lease r.te constants wer. significantly cor.elated with K extr.cted. The r.sults of this study showed that infor.ation obtained fr.m mathematical modeling in two r.action time segments can help to estimate the K-supplying power.of soils.

关键词： chemical extr.ction calcar.ous soils mathematical modeling r.lease r.te constant time segments

The eco-or.gins, actions and demonstr.tion r.les of Beijing Gr.en Olympic Game

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Sciences 2001年第4期13卷 514-519页

作者： Wang, r.-s. r.s. Cntr. Eco-Envir.nmental Sci. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The 29th Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It will be a gr.en game to pr.mote sustainable development of men, cities and r.gions thr.ugh ecological development advocating 'man and natur. be in one'. 'Eco' her. means a pr.cess, a dr.ving for.e, an action, a cultur. and a kind of vitality leading to sustainable development. It is a mechanism embodying the Olympic spir.t of competition, cooper.tion and self-r.liance. The paper.explained the ecological significance, connotation and objectives of Beijing Gr.en Olympic Game. Ten major.ecological her.tages of Beijing have been investigated including ecologically sound landscape, cultur., tr.nspor.ation, physical exer.ise, health car., sanitation, food, family r.lationship, agr.cultur., and human ecological totality. To pr.ser.e or.r.stor. the above mentioned old tr.dition, a gr.en Olympic action plan has been made out in Beijing initiated by NGOs, suppor.ed by entr.pr.neur. and coor.inated by gover.ment agencies. Four.kinds of eco-engineer.ng have been planned for.blue sky, clean water. gr.en land and eco-city development. The demonstr.tion r.le of Beijing Gr.en Olympic Game to developing r.gions and countr.es is also discussed.

关键词： Agr.cultur. Health car. Sanitation Sustainable development Tr.nspor.ation

Laser.cooling of inter.al degr.es of fr.edom of molecules

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Fr.ntier. of physics 2016年第4期11卷 109-126页

作者： r. Hor.hani College of Ar.s and Applied Sciences Dhofar University Salalah Oman

Optical pumping techniques using laser.fields combined with photo-association of ultr.cold atoms leads to contr.l of tile vibr.tional and/or.r.tational population of molecules. In this study, we r.view tile basic concepts and main steps that should be followed, including the excitation schemes and detection techniques used to achieve to-vibr.tional cooling of Cs2 molecules. We also discuss the extension of this technique to other.molecules. In addition, we pr.sent a theor.tical model used to suppor. the exper.ment. These simulations can be widely used for.the pr.par.tion of var.ous exper.ments because they allow the optimization of sever.l impor.ant exper.mental par.neter..

关键词： cold molecule photo-association optical pumping vibr.tional and r.tational cooling

Whither.must sper.atozoa wander. The futur. of labor.tor. seminology

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Asian Jour.al of Andr.logy 2010年第1期12卷 99-103页

作者： r. JohnAitken Ar. Centr. of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development Discipline of Biological Sciences University of NewcastleCallaghan NSW 2308 Australia

This commentar. celebr.tes the publication of the 5th for.the Examination and Pr.cessing of Human Semen edition of the Wor.d Health Or.anization Labor.tor. Manual This is the most complete text to date on the cr.ation of a conventional semen pr.file and includes invaluable r.fer.nce limits for.specific aspects of semen quality based on the analysis of over.1 900 r.cent father.. The new edition of the manual also includes detailed pr.tocols for.monitor.ng differ.nt aspects of sper. function and new chapter. on the pr.par.tion of sper.atozoa for.assisted conception and cr.opr.ser.ation. Given that this publication is the definitive statement on how to per.or. a descr.ptive semen analysis, we might speculate on the futur. of this field and the sor.s of tests that might featur. in futur. editions of the manual. Cell biologists ar. cur.ently being empower.d by the ＇omics r.volution, which is placing at their.disposal technologies of unpr.cedented power.to examine the biochemical composition of cells such as sper.atozoa. Indeed, sper.atozoa ar. per.ect vehicles for.this kind of analysis because they can be obtained as extr.mely pur. suspensions, exist natur.lly in isolation and can be induced to expr.ss their.capacity for.fer.ilization and the initiation of embr.onic development in vitr.. The application of ＇omics technologies to these cells, in concer. with detailed assessments of their.functional competence, should pr.vide insights into the biochemical basis of defective semen quality. This infor.ation will then help us under.tand the causes of male infer.ility and to develop r.tional methods for.its tr.atment and possible pr.vention.

关键词： assisted conception DNA damage male infer.ility miscar.iage semen seminology sper.atozoa

Synthesis and char.cter.zation of hybr.d gr.phene nanocoolant for.heat tr.nsfer.dissipation in micr.channel heat sinks

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Chinese Jour.al of Chemical Engineer.ng 2020年第3期28卷 913-922页

作者： Sudha G. Par.hiban r. Depar.ment of Chemical Engineer.ng Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringPennalurTamilnadu 602117India Depar.ment of Chemical Engineer.ng SSN College of EngineeringKalavakkamTamilnadu 603110India

An attempt is made to examine the effect of hybr.d nanocoolant in micr.channel heat sink for.computer.***-hybr.d coolants with gr.phene as one of the pr.me components ar. synthesized and images of the par.icles ar. shown using scanning electr.n micr.scopy(SEM)and tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy(TEM).Heat tr.nsfer.pr.per.ies like ther.al conductivity of the hybr.d fluid,specific heat,density,and viscosity ar. evaluated exper.mentally and *** heat tr.nsfer.char.cter.stics ar. also studied in heat sink channels of micr. level in the pr.cessor. of per.onal *** par.meter. like inter.al heat tr.nsfer.coefficient,ther.al r.sistances and base temper.tur. r.pr.senting the pr.cessor.temper.tur. ar. examined for.the applied heater.power.of 325 *** coolant dilution was var.ed in the r.nge of 0.05 vol%,0.075 vol%and 0.1 vol%and the base temper.tur. is *** r.cor.ed lowest base temper.tur. is 310.01 K for.the concentr.tion of 0.1 vol%gr.phene-ir.n oxide(GFO)system for.0.5 mm fin spacing for.the gr.phene-ir.n oxide hybr.d coolant and for.gr.phene oxide–ir.n oxide(GOFO)hybr.d coolant it is 311.24 K for.the same oper.ting conditions.

关键词： Gr.phene hybr.d nanocoolant Micr.channel CPU base temper.tur.

Fr.e tor.ional vibr.tion of cr.cked nanobeams incor.or.ting sur.ace ener.y effects

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2017年第2期38卷 217-230页

作者： r. NAZEMNEZHAD P. FAHIMI School of Engineer.ng Damghan University Damghan 36716-41167 Iran School of Mechanical Engineer.ng Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran School of Mechanical Engineer.ng College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran 14399-57131 Iran

This paper.investigates sur.ace ener.y effects, including the sur.ace shear.modulus, the sur.ace str.ss, and the sur.ace density, on the fr.e tor.ional vibr.tion of nanobeams with a cir.umfer.ntial cr.ck and var.ous boundar. conditions. To for.ulate the pr.blem, the sur.ace elasticity theor. is used. The cr.cked nanobeam is modeled by dividing it into two par.s connected by a tor.ional linear.spr.ng in which its stiffness is r.lated to the cr.ck sever.ty. Gover.ing equations and cor.esponding boundar. conditions ar. der.ved with the aid of Hamilton＇s pr.nciple. Then, natur.l fr.quencies ar. obtained analytically, and the influence of the cr.ck sever.ty and position, the sur.ace ener.y, the boundar. conditions, the mode number. and the dimensions of nanobeam on the fr.e tor.ional vibr.tion of nanobeams is studied in detail. r.sults of the pr.sent study r.veal that the sur.ace ener.y has completely differ.nt effects on the fr.e tor.ionl vibr.tion of cr.cked nanobeams compar.d with its effects on the fr.e tr.nsver.e vibr.tion of cr.cked nanobeams.

关键词： tor.ional vibr.tion cr.cked nanobeam sur.ace ener.y

A photolysis coefficient for.char.cter.zing the r.sponse of aqueous constituents to photolysis

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Fr.ntier. of Envir.nmental Science & Engineer.ng 2016年第3期10卷 428-437页

作者： David r. HOKANSON Ke LI r. r.odes Tr.SSELL Tr.ssell Technologies Inc. Pasadena CA 91101 USA College of Engineer.ng University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

UV photolysis and UV based advanced oxidation pr.cesses （AOPs） ar. gaining mor. and mor. attention for.dr.nking water.tr.atment. Quantum yield （Ф） and molar.absor.tion coefficient （ε） ar. the two cr.tical par.meter. measur.ng the effectiveness of photolysis of a compound. The pr.duct of the two was pr.posed as a fundamental measur. of a constituent＇s amenability to tr.nsfor.ation by photolysis. It was shown that this pr.duct, named the photolysis coefficient, kp, can be deter.ined using standar. bench tests and captur.s the pr.per.ies that gover. a constituent＇s tr.nsfor.ation when exposed to light. The development showed the photolysis coefficient to be equally useful for.micr.biological, inor.anic and or.anic constituents. Values of kp calculated by the author. based on quantum yield and molar.absor.tion coefficient data fr.m the liter.tur. wer. summar.zed. Photolysis coefficients among micr.or.anisms r.nged fr.m 8500 to mor. than 600000 and ar. far.higher.than for.inor.anic and or.anic compounds, which var.ed over.a r.nge of appr.ximately 10 to 1000 and ar. much less sensitive to UV photolysis than the micr.or.anisms.

关键词： UV photolysis disinfection advanced oxidation N-nitr.sodimethylamine quantum yield absor.tion coefficient

Optimal dynamic emer.ency r.ser.e activation using spinning, hydr. and demand-side r.ser.es

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Fr.ntier. in Ener.y 2016年第4期10卷 409-423页

作者： S. Sur.nder.r.DDY P. r. BIJWE A. r. ABHYANKAr Depar.ment of r.ilr.ad and Electr.cal Engineer.ng Woosong University Republic of Korea Depar.ment of Electr.cal Engineer.ng Indian Institute of TechnologyDelhi India

This paper.pr.poses an optimal dynamic r.ser.e activation plan after.the occur.ence of an emer.ency situation （gener.tor.tr.nsmission line outage, load incr.ase or.both）. An optimal plan is developed to handle the emer.ency, using the coor.inated action of fast and slow r.ser.es, for.secur. oper.tion with minimum over.ll cost. It consider. the r.ser.es supplied by the conventional ther.al gener.tor. （spinning r.ser.es）, hydr. power.units and load demands （demand-side r.ser.es）. The optimal backing down of costly/fast r.ser.es and br.nging up of slow r.ser.es in each sub-inter.al in an integr.ted manner.is pr.posed. The pr.posed r.ser.e activation appr.aches ar. solved using the genetic algor.thm, and some of the simulation r.sults ar. also compar.d using the Matlab optimization toolbox and the gener.l algebr.ic modeling system （GAMS） softwar.. The simulation studies ar. per.or.ed on the IEEE 30, 57 and 300 bus test systems. These r.sults demonstr.te the advantage of the pr.posed integr.ted/dynamic r.ser.e activation plan over.the conventional/sequential appr.ach.

关键词： demand-side r.ser.es dynamic r.ser.e acti-vation appr.ach hydr. power.units post contingency,sequential r.ser.e activation appr.ach spinning r.ser.es

The insect cellular.immune r.sponse

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Insect Science 2008年第1期15卷 1-14页

作者： Michael r. Str.nd Depar.ment of Entomology and Center.for.Emer.ing and Tr.pical Global Diseases University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA

The innate immune system of insects is divided into humor.l defenses that include the pr.duction of soluble effector.molecules and cellular.defenses like phagocytosis and encapsulation that ar. mediated by hemocytes. This r.view summar.zes cur.ent under.tand- ing of the cellular.immune r.sponse. Insects pr.duce sever.l ter.inally differ.ntiated types of hemocytes that ar. distinguished by mor.hology, molecular.and antigenic mar.er., and function. The differ.ntiated hemocytes that cir.ulate in lar.al or.nymphal stage insects ar.se fr.m two sour.es： pr.genitor.cells pr.duced dur.ng embr.ogenesis and mesoder.ally der.ved hematopoietic or.ans. r.gulation of hematopoiesis and hemocyte differ.ntiation also involves sever.l differ.nt signaling pathways. Phagocytosis and encapsulation r.quir. that hemocytes fir.t r.cognize a given tar.et as for.ign followed by activation of downstr.am signaling and effector.r.sponses. A number.of humor.l and cellular.r.ceptor. have been identified that r.cognize differ.nt micr.bes and multicellular.par.sites. In tur., activation of these r.ceptor. stimulates a number.of signaling pathways that r.gulate differ.nt hemocyte functions. r.cent studies also identify hemocytes as impor.ant sour.es Of a number.of humor.l effector.molecules r.quir.d for.killing differ.nt for.ign invader..

关键词： antimicr.bial peptides clotting cytokines Dipter. Dr.sophila encapsulation,hemocytes immunity insects Lepidopter. nodulation phagocytosis