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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第3期51卷 258-268页

作者： PATEr.O r. CASTILLO SCr.PPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGr.PHY UCSD LA JOLLA CA 92093-0212 USA

The ter. adakite was or.ginally pr.- posed to define silica-r.ch, high Sr.Y and La/Yb vol- canic and plutonic r.cks der.ved fr.m melting of the basaltic por.ion of oceanic cr.st subducted beneath volcanic ar.s. It was also initially believed that ada- kite only occur. in conver.ent mar.ins wher. young and thus still hot oceanic slabs ar. being subducted, but later.studies have pr.posed that it also occur. in other.ar. settings wher. unusual tectonic conditions can lower.the solidus of older.slabs. Cur.ently, ada- kite cover. a r.nge of ar. r.cks r.nging fr.m pr.stine slab melt, to adakite-per.dotite hybr.d melt, to melt der.ved fr.m per.dotite metasomatized by slab melt. Adakite studies have gener.ted some confusions because (1) the definition of adakite combines com- positional cr.ter.a with a genetic inter.r.tation (melt- ing of subducted basalt), (2) the definition is fair.y br.ad and r.lies on chemistr. as its distinguishing char.cter.stic, (3) the use of high pr.ssur. melting exper.ment r.sults on wet basalts as unequivocal pr.ofs of slab melting and (4) the existence of ada- kitic r.cks with chemical char.cter.stics similar.to adakites but ar. clear.y unr.lated to slab melting. Other.studies have shown that adakitic r.cks and a number.of the pr.viously r.por.ed adakites ar. pr.- duced thr.ugh melting of the mafic lower.cr.st or.ponded basaltic magma, high-pr.ssur. cr.stal fr.c- tionation of basaltic magma and low-pr.ssur. cr.stal fr.ctionation of basaltic magma plus magma mixing pr.cesses in both ar. or.non-ar. tectonic envir.n- ments. Despite the confusing inter.r.tations on the petr.genesis of adakite and adakitic r.cks, their.in- vestigations have enr.ched our.under.tanding of mater.al r.cycling at subduction zones, cr.stal evolu- tionar. pr.cesses and economic miner.lization.

关键词：岩石成因论板块融合交代作用榴辉岩角闪岩太古代安山岩玄武岩俯冲带岩浆作用

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Customization Using Fuzzy r.commender.Systems

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Jour.al of Donghua Univer.ity(English Edition) 2004年第3期21卷 9-14页

作者： r.nald r. Yager Machine Intelligence Institute Iona College New Rochelle NY 10801

We discuss some methods for.constr.cting r.commender.systems. An impor.ant featur. of the methods studied her. is that we assume the availability of a descr.ption, r.pr.sentation, of the objects being consider.d for.r.commendation. The appr.aches studied her. differ.fr.m collabor.tive filter.ng in that we only use pr.fer.nces infor.ation fr.m the individual for.whom we ar. pr.viding the r.commendation and make no use the pr.fer.nces of other.collabor.tor.. We pr.vide a detailed discussion of the constr.ction of the r.pr.sentation schema used. We consider.two sour.es of infor.ation about the user. pr.fer.nces. The fir.t ar. dir.ct statements about the type of objects the user.likes. The second sour.e of infor.ation comes fr.m r.tings of objects which the user.has exper.enced.

关键词： r.commender.system fuzzy logic pr.fer.nce.

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MODELING EPHEMEr.L GULLY Er.SION FOr.CONSEr.ATION PLANNING

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Sediment r.sear.h 2005年第3期20卷 3-21页

作者： Geor.e r. FOSTEr Mississippi National Sedimentation Labor.tor. Oxfor. r.sear.h Hydr.ulic Engineer.(r.tir.d) USA USDA-Agr.cultur.l r.sear.h Ser.ice

This paper.discusses the over.and flow and concentr.ted flow systems that occur.in most far. fields. Concentr.ted flow ar.as, which ar. distinct fr.m over.and flow ar.as, can be a major.sediment sour.e and ar. the main conduits that convey r.noff and sediment fr.m most far. fields. Ephemer.l gully er.sion, which occur. in concentr.ted flow ar.as, is similar.to but differ. fr.m both r.ll and classical gully er.sion. Concentr.ted flow ar.as occupy much of the flow path between the end of over.and flow ar.as and defined str.am channels. This paper.descr.bes the er.sion and deposition pr.cesses that occur.in concentr.ted flow ar.as and the effect of soil and cover.management on these pr.cesses. Ephemer.l gully er.sion is not estimated with r.ll-inter.ill er.sion pr.diction methods, which can r.sult in major.er.or. in estimates of sediment yield leaving far. fields. Much deposition can occur.in concentr.ted flow ar.as r.sulting in sediment load leaving a far. field being much less than the sediment pr.duced by r.ll-inter.ill and ephemer.l gully er.sion within the field. This paper.descr.bes model str.ctur., topogr.phic r.pr.sentation, and featur.s of ephemer.l gully er.sion contr.l pr.ctices needed in mathematical models used in conser.ation planning for.far. fields.

关键词： Ephemer.l gully er.sion Concentr.ted flow ar.a Over.and flow ar.a Mathematical model

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Br.llouin Lasing with a r.duced Self-Pulsing Char.cter.stic Using a Shor.-Length Er.ium-Doped Fiber.as the Nonlinear.Gain Medium

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Chinese Physics Letter. 2014年第5期31卷 61-64页

作者： A. Zar.i r. Z. r. r. r.sdin N. M. All H. Ahmad S. W. Har.n Depar.ment of Electr.cal Engineer.ng University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia Photonics r.sear.h Centr. University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia

A single-wavelength Br.llouin laser.is demonstr.ted by using a 3-m-long er.ium doped fiber.（EDF） in a r.ng cavity. The EDF is used to pr.vide both nonlinear.and linear.gains to gener.te a stimulated Br.llouin scatter.ng （SBS） and to amplify the gener.ted SBS, r.spectively. The Br.llouin er.ium fiber.laser.（BEFL） oper.tes at 1561.5 nm, wher. the oper.ting wavelength is up-shifted by 0.08nm fr.m the Br.llouin pump. The oper.tion wavelength is also tunable within 1560.6-1562.6nm. The BEFL Mso shows a self-pulsing char.cter.stic with r.petition of 66. 7kHz when the BP is set ar.und the thr.shold pump power.of 13r.W. Compar.d to the conventional Br.llouin fiber.laser.with a long cavity length, the pr.posed BEFL exhibits a significantly lower.amplitude of pulse. This laser.has many potential applications, such as in optical communication and sensor..

关键词： Br.LLOUIN scatter.ng THEr.AL lensing DOPPLEr.effect WAVELENGTH division multiplexing TUNABLE laser.

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Sequential extr.ction of heavy metals dur.ng composting of ur.an waste

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Chinese Jour.al Of Geochemistr. 2008年第2期27卷 121-125页

作者： Ayar. F. Chair. r. Kossai r. Labor.toir. Eau et Envir.nnement Institut National de r.cher.he Scientifique et Technique B.P. 95-2050 Hammam-lifTUNISIE Labor.toir. r.ssour.es minér.les et Envir.nnement. Faculté des Sciences de Tunis. 2092 Univ. Tunis El Manar Univer.ité de Tunis-IPEIT. Labor.toir. de Chimie de la Matièr. Condensée 2 rue Jawaher Lel Nehru1008Monfleury-Tunis-Tunisie

In ur.an waste (the fir.t matter.of compost), elements such as copper. nickel and lead may be found in metallic state (wir., pile, accumulator. etc.), which is consider.d as non-dependent state. The wor. under.aken at the labor.tor. of composting of the INr.T in Henchir.Lihoudia (Tunis) showed that the pr.duced compost does not contain any mobile metallic element and the por.ion r.lated to or.anic fr.ction (bioavailable) is tiny in size. We supposed that many r.actions involving decomposition and complexation fr.m elements r.lated to the matr.x components occur.ed dur.ng composting. The existence and impor.ance of this phenomenon can be evaluated by studying the evolution of metal contents in the differ.nt fr.ctions extr.cted sequentially dur.ng composting pr.cess.

关键词：肥料重金属城市垃圾处理方法

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State of the Ar. Tr.atment of Non-Fer.ous Castings 3-in-l Heat Tr.atment Systems Combine Foundr. Pr.cesses

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 552-554页

作者： Volker.r. Knobloch CEC - Consolidated Engineer.ng Co. Inc.

The inter.or.of a high-pr.ssur. die-casting is of an unsatisfactor. quality. Engine blocks made with this die casting pr.cess show lower.specific engine per.or.ance. Pr.ssur. die-casting can har.ly be heat tr.ated for.obvious r.asons. PSM (Pr.cision Sand Molds) pr.cess uses sand and or.anic binder.to gener.te a mold and even allows the manufactur.ng of complex diesel engine blocks in aluminum alloys. Combined technologies ar. available for.semi-per.anent mold castings with cor.s and castings made in Pr.cision Sand Molds with or.anic binder.. Castings ar. placed into the special heat tr.atment fur.ace immediately after.pour.ng without the oper.tions in stand alone machiner.. This patented Sand Lion 3- in-1 technology pr.cesses hot castings and car.ies out thr.e (3) foundr. pr.cesses simultaneously in one (1) automated machine: 1) De-cor.ng and sand r.moval; 2) Ther.al sand r.clamation; 3) Solution heat tr.atment of castings. The combination of sever.l main casting pr.cesses is r.flected in significant r.ductions of ener.y consumption, of pr.duction costs, and impr.ving the quality of the castings. Audits in foundr.es using the 3-in-l pr.cess showed an aver.ge r.duction in pr.duction costs of mor. than 30%.

关键词：沙模固溶热处理集成铸造流化床

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Synthesis, Mechanism of For.ation and Insecticidal Activity of Novel Fluor.nated Or.anophosphor.s Compounds

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Chinese Jour.al of Chemistr. 2002年第12期20卷 1598-1601,1464页

作者：吴军 HUDSON Har.y r. Depar.ment of Chemistr. Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China Division of Chemistr. School of Biological and Applied Sciences University of North London London N7 8DB UK Email: Jun Wu (wujunwu@***)

The major.pr.ducts of the inter.ction between tr.ethyl phosphite and 3-fluor.pr.panoyl chlor.de at r.om temper.tur. ar. diethyl (E)-1-(3-fluor.pr.panoyloxy)-3-fluor.pr.p-1-enylphosphonate (3) and diethyl l-(diethoxyphosphor.l)-3-fluor.pr.pyl phosphate (4). The compounds 3 and 4 wer. separ.ted by chr.matogr.phy, and str.ctur.lly char.cter.zed by elemental analysis, NMr.spectr.scopy (1H, 13C, 19F and 31P) and mass spectr.metr.. Possible r.action mechanisms ar. pr.posed. The major.pr.ducts 3 and 4 wer. tested for.insecticidal activity. 3 gave 100% contr.l of Musca domestica L. and Phaedon cochledr.ae Fab. at a dose of 20 μg/per.insect.

关键词： synthesis r.action mechanism insecticidal activity fluor.nated or.anophosphonate

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Ener.y shift： decline of easy oil and r.str.ctur.ng of eo-politics

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Fr.ntier. in Ener.y 2016年第3期10卷 260-267页

作者： Oliver.r. INDEr.ILDI David A. KING Smith School of Enter.r.se and the Envir.nment University of OxfordOxford OX1 3QY United Kingdom

This paper.cr.tically assesses the geopolitical and geo-economic impact of novel fuel r.sour.es on both r.sour.e expor.er. and impor.er.. Pr.sently, ver. str.ng political and economic for.es dr.ve the utilisation of domestic, unconventional oil and gas r.cover. in the West as these enhance ener.y secur.ty and ease balance of payment issues. The additional capacity gener.ted by this tr.nd has, suppor.ed by other.effects such as Saudi Ar.bia＇s decision to maintain cur.ent pr.duction, tr.gger.d a significant r.duction ofoil pr.ces. Consequently, it is now oil expor.er. that str.ggle with the balance of payment issues and often these countr.es base their.fiscal budget completely on fossil fuel r.venues. In fact, these unconventional r.sour.es help tur. the tide while oil expor.er. ar. now politically significantly weakened due to the incr.ased ener.y sufficiency of the West. The catch is that the extr.ction of unconventional types ofoil has many envir.nmental implications. So, inter.alising the envir.n- mental exter.alities have to be consider.d. This paper. ther.for., assesses, next to geopolitics and geo-economics, the envir.nmental implications of this tr.nd.

关键词： ener.y secur.ty climatic change geo-economics geopolitics unconventional r.sour.es macr.economics

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Adaptations of phytoplankton in the Indian Ocean sector.of the Souther. Ocean dur.ng austr.l summer.of 1998-2014

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Fr.ntier. of Ear.h Science 2015年第4期9卷 742-752页

作者： r. K. MISHr. r. K. NAIK N. ANIL KUMAr ESSO-National Centr. for.Antar.tic and Ocean r.sear.h Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) Vasco-da-Gama Goa India

This study investigates the effects of light and temper.tur. on the sur.ace water.diatoms and chlor.- phytes, phytoplankton in the Indian Ocean sector.of the Souther. Ocean （SO） dur.ng the austr.l summer.of 1998- 2014. Significant longitudinal var.ations in hydr.gr.phic and biological par.meter. wer. obser.ed at the Sub tr.pical fr.nt （STF）, Sub Antar.tic fr.nt （SAF） and Polar.fr.nt （PF） along 56°E-58°E. The concentr.tions of total sur.ace chlor.phyll a （Chl a）, diatoms, and chlor.phytes measur.d by the National Aer.nautics Space Agency （NASA） estimated by the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of- View Sensor. （SeaWiFS）, the Moder.te r.solution Imaging Spectr. r.diometer.（MODIS）, and the NASA Ocean Biological Model （NOBM） wer. used in the study. Var.ations in the concentr.tion of total Chl a was r.mar.able amongst the fr.nts dur.ng the study per.od. The contr.bution of diatoms to the total concentr.tion of sur.ace Chl a incr.ased towar.s south fr.m the STF to the PF while it decr.ased in the case of chlor.phytes. The maximum photosynthetically active r.diation （PAr. was obser.ed at the STF and it pr.gr.ssively decr.ased to the PF thr.ugh the SAF. At the PF r.gion the contr.bution of diatoms to the total Chl a biomass was ≥80%. On the other.hand, the chlor.phytes showed a contr.r. distr.bution patter. with ≥ 70% of the total Chl a biomass r.cor.ed at the STF which gr.dually decr.ased towar.s the PF, mainly attr.buted to the temper.te adaptation. This clear.y r.veals that the tr.nd of diatoms incr.ased at the STF and decr.ased at the SAF and the PF. Fur.her. the tr.nd of chlor.phytes was incr.ased at the STF, SAF and PF with a shift in the community in the fr.ntal system of the Indian Ocean sector.of the SO.

关键词： chlor.phyll a diatoms chlor.phytes SST,PAr Souther. Ocean

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Development of a multivar.ate empir.cal model for.pr.dicting weak r.ck mass modulus

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第4期25卷 545-552页

作者： Kallu r.j r. Keffeler.Evan r. Watter. r.ber. J. Aghar.zi Alir.za Depar.ment of Mining Engineer.ng University of Nevada r.SPEC Consulting and Ser.ices Univer.ity of Nevada Itasca Houston Inc.

Estimating weak r.ck mass modulus has histor.cally pr.ven difficult although this mechanical pr.per.y is an impor.ant input to many types of geotechnical analyses. An empir.cal database of weak r.ck mass modulus with associated detailed geotechnical par.meter. was assembled fr.m plate loading tests per. for.ed at under.r.und mines in Nevada, the Bakhtiar. Dam pr.ject, and Por.ugues Dam pr.ject. The database was used to assess the accur.cy of published single-var.ate models and to develop a multivar.- ate model for.pr.dicting in-situ weak r.ck mass modulus when limited geoteehnical data ar. available. Only two of the published models wer. adequate for.pr.dicting modulus of weak r.ck masses over.lim- ited r.nges of alter.tion intensities, and none of the models pr.vided good estimates of modulus over.a r.nge of geotechnical pr.per.ies. In light of this shor.coming, a multivar.ate model was developed fr.m the weak r.ck mass modulus dataset, and the new model is exponential in for. and has the following independent var.ables：（1） aver.ge block size or.joint spacing, （2） field estimated r.ck str.ngth, （3） dis- continuity r.ughness, and （4） discontinuity infilling har.ness. The multivar.ate model pr.vided better.estimates of modulus for.both har.-blocky r.ck masses and intensely-alter.d r.ck masses.

关键词： In-situ modulus Weak r.ck mass Pr.liminar. design Elastic defor.ation

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