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Dysfunction of synaptic endocytic trafficking in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2649-2660页

作者： Xin Yi Ng Mian cao Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore Department of Physiology National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the selective degeneration of dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway and dopamine deficiency in the *** precise reasons behind the specific degeneration of these dopamine neurons remain largely *** investigations have identified over 20 causative PARK genes and 90 genomic risk loci associated with both familial and sporadic Parkinson's ***,several of these genes are linked to the synaptic vesicle recycling process,particularly the clathrinmediated endocytosis *** suggests that impaired synaptic vesicle recycling might represent an early feature of Parkinson's disease,followed by axonal degeneration and the eventual loss of dopamine cell bodies in the midbrain via a"dying back"***,several new animal and cellular models with Parkinson's disease-linked mutations affecting the endocytic pathway have been created and extensively *** models faithfully recapitulate certain Parkinson's disease-like features at the animal,circuit,and cellular levels,and exhibit defects in synaptic membrane trafficking,further supporting the findings from human genetics and clinical *** this review,we will first summarize the cellular and molecular findings from the models of two Parkinson's disease-linked clathrin uncoating proteins:auxilin(DNAJC6/PARK19)and synaptojanin 1(SYNJ1/PARK20).The mouse models carrying these two PARK gene mutations phenocopy each other with specific dopamine terminal pathology and display a potent synergistic ***,we will delve into the involvement of several clathrin-mediated endocytosis-related proteins(GAK,endophilin A1,SAC2/INPP5 F,synaptotagmin-11),identified as Parkinson's disease risk factors through genome-wide association studies,in Parkinson's disease *** will also explore the direct or indirect roles of some common Parkinson's disease-linked proteins(alpha-synuclein(PARK1/4),Parkin(PARK2),and LRRK2(PARK

关键词： autophagy auxilin/PARK19 clathrin-mediated endocytosis dopamine neurons neurodegeneration nigrostriatal pathway Parkinson's disease synaptic vesicle recycling synaptojanin1/PARK20

Sub-10-nm-sized Au@AuxIr1-x metal-core/alloy-shell nanoparticles as highly durable catalysts for acidic water splitting

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 130-140页

作者： Huimin Wang Zhe-ning Chen Yuanyuan Wang Dongshuang Wu Minna cao Fanfei Sun Rong cao State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China

The absence of efficient and durable catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction（OER） is the main obstacle to hydrogen production through water splitting in an acidic ele ***,we report a controllable synthesis method of surface IrOxwith changing Au/Ir compositions by constructing a range of sub-10-nm-sized core-shell nanocatalysts composed of an Au core and AuxIr1-xalloy *** particular,Au@Au0.43Ir0.57exhibits 4.5 times higher intrinsic OER activity than that of the commercial Ir/*** X-ray-based spectroscopies,electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed a balanced binding of reaction intermediates with enhanced *** water-splitting cell using a load of 0.02 mgIr/cm2of Au@Au0.43Ir0.57as both anode and cathode can reach 10 mA/cm2at 1.52 V and maintain activity for at least194 h,which is better than the cell using the commercial couple Ir/C‖Pt/C（1.63 V,0.2 h）.

关键词： controllable synthesis of surface IrOx oxygen evolution reaction acidic water splitting catalytic stability transition metal catalysts

A Bubble Column Dehumidifier using Ionic Liquid Desiccant for Low-Humidity Industries:Insights into Transfer Processes Integrating Experiment and CFD Modelling

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第6期33卷 2348-2371页

作者： cao Bowen YIN Yonggao SAITO Kiyoshi School of Energy and Environment Southeast University School of Fundamental Science and Engineering Waseda University Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Waseda University

Liquid desiccant deep dehumidification（LDDD） is an excellent energy-saving technology for low-humidity *** liquids（ILs） are favored as optimal working fluids for LDDD,owing to their low vapor pressure,non-crystallization,and *** combined application of IL desiccant with the bubble column has been proven to effectively improve deep *** present work focuses specifically on the insights into air-liquid transfer processes in bubble column dehumidifier using ionic liquid *** effect of operating parameters on volumetric transfer coefficient is examined based on the experimental ***,the bubble swarms meso-scale flow structure is predicted using computational fluid dynamics coupled with a population balance model（CFD-PBM）.Besides,the structure-activity relationship between meso-scale flow structure and transfer performance is *** results indicated a notable phenomenon of bubble aggregation/breakage in the moist air-IL desiccant bubbly deep dehumidification（MA-ILD BDD）system,with a specific interfacial area is basically less than 40 ***,a decrease in solution temperature,correlated with a significant increase in viscosity,leads to larger turbulent eddies and a slower breakage ***,a high transfer potential difference enhances heat and mass transfer coefficients at lower solution temperatures,with the mass transfer coefficient at 4℃ being approximately three times that at 10℃.As the superficial velocity changes,the specific interfacial area and heat and mass transfer coefficients have a positive synergistic effect on volumetric transfer ***,this synergistic effect is reversed with variations in solution *** study aims to clarify the air-liquid transfer mechanism in bubble column dehumidifier using IL desiccant.

关键词： bubble column deep dehumidification heat and mass transfer ionic liquid liquid desiccant low-humidity industries

Isolation performances and optimization of triple quasi-zero stiffness isolators

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 124-141页

作者： Yuntian Zhang Guangnan Zhu Qingjie cao School of Astronautics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

In this paper,triple quasi-zero stiffness(QZS)passive vibration isolators whose restoring force curve has a three-stage softening effect are ***-coupled SD oscillators with three independent geometrical parameters are used as negative stiffness mechanisms to achieve QZS characteristics at the origin and symmetrical positions on both sides of the *** performances of different triple QZS isolators are analyzed to show influences of the selection of QZS regions away from the origin on the range of isolation *** optimizations of system parameters are carried out to get a larger range of small restoring force regions and small stiffness *** performances of two triple QZS isolators are discussed to show the influence of different Pareto optimization solutions through the comparisons with single and double QZS *** showed that triple QZS isolators have both the advantages of single and double QZS isolators which results in better isolation performances under both small and large excitation *** improvement in isolation performances for triple QZS isolators is found with the decrease in average stiffness due to the appearance of two symmetrical QZS regions away from the *** displacements of QZS regions away from the origin result in better isolation performances when excitation amplitude is large,and triple QZS characteristics are similar to double QZS isolators at this *** restoring forces of QZS regions away from the origin lead to better isolation performances when excitation amplitude is small,and triple QZS characteristics are similar to single QZS isolators at this *** with the decrease in average stiffness,the improvement of isolation performances shows a hysteresis phenomenon due to the difference between static and dynamic characteristics.

关键词： triple quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolation Pareto optimization force transmissibility geometrical nonlinear

Lyapunov Conditions for Finite-Time Input-to-State Stability of Impulsive Switched Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 1057-1059页

作者： Taixiang Zhang Jinde cao Xiaodi Li the School of Mathematics Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China the School of Mathematics and Statistics Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014Chi

Dear Editor,This letter studies finite-time input-to-state stability(FTISS)for impulsive switched systems.A set of Lyapunov-based conditions are established for guaranteeing FTISS *** constituent modes governing continuous dynamics are FTISS and discrete dynamics involving impulses are destabilizing,the FTISS can be retained if impulsive-switching signals satisfy an average dwell-time(ADT)condition.

关键词： property impulsive satisfy

Key-Part Attention Retrieval for Robotic Object Recognition

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 644-655页

作者： Jierui Liu Zhiqiang cao Yingbo Tang State KeyLaboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The ability to recognize novel objects with a few visual samples is critical in the robotic *** methods mainly concern the recognition of inter-category objects,however,the object recognition fromdifferent sub-classes within the same category remains challenging due to their similar *** thispaper,we propose a key-part attention retrieval solution to distinguish novel objects of different sub-classesaccording to a few samples without ***,an object encoder,including convolutional neuralnetwork with attention and key-part aggregation,is designed to generate object attention map and extract theobject-level embedding,where object attention map from the middle stage of the backbone is used to guide thekey-part ***,to overcome the non-differentiability drawback of key-part attention,the objectencoder is trained in a two-step scheme,and a more stable object-level embedding is *** this basis,the potential objects are located from a scene image by mining connected domains of the attention *** the embedding of each potential object and embeddings from support data,the recognition of thepotential objects is *** effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.

关键词： key-part attention retrieval robotic object recognition

Novel method for extraction of ship target with overlaps in SAR image via EM algorithm

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第4期35卷 874-887页

作者： cao Rui WANG Yong School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

The quality of synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image degrades in the case of multiple imaging projection planes(IPPs)and multiple overlapping ship targets,and then the performance of target classification and recognition can be *** addressing this issue,a method for extracting ship targets with overlaps via the expectation maximization(EM)algorithm is ***,the scatterers of ship targets are obtained via the target detection ***,the EM algorithm is applied to extract the scatterers of a single ship target with a single ***,a novel image amplitude estimation approach is pro-posed,with which the radar image of a single target with a sin-gle IPP can be *** proposed method can accom-plish IPP selection and targets separation in the image domain,which can improve the image quality and reserve the target information most *** of simulated and real mea-sured data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： expectation maximization(EM)algorithm image processing imaging projection plane(IPP) overlapping ship tar-get synthetic aperture radar(SAR)

Distributed Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Optimization with Stochastic Sub-Gradient

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第4期37卷 1470-1487页

作者： HU Haokun MO Lipo cao Xianbing School of Mathematics and Statistics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Mathematics and Statistics Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Research Centre for Agri-Product Quality Traceability Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

This paper studies the optimization problem of heterogeneous networks under a timevarying *** agent only accesses to one local objective function,which is *** improved algorithm with noisy measurement of local objective functions' sub-gradients and additive noises among information exchanging between each pair of agents is designed to minimize the sum of objective functions of all *** weaken the effect of these noises,two step sizes are introduced in the control *** graph theory,stochastic analysis and martingale convergence theory,it is proved that if the sub-gradients are uniformly bounded,the sequence of digraphs is balanced and the union graph of all digraphs is joint strongly connected,then the designed control protocol can force all agents to find the global optimal point almost *** last,the authors give some numerical examples to verify the effectiveness of the stochastic sub-gradient algorithms.

关键词： Communication noises distributed stochastic optimization heterogeneous networks subgradient measurement noises

Fatigue-resistant Hydrogels

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第1期40卷 64-77页

作者： LI Luofei LEI Hai cao Yi Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructureDepartment of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093P.R.China Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027P.R.China

Hydrogels have been extensively studied for applications in various fields, such as tissue engineering and soft robotics, as determined by their mechanical properties. The mechanical design of hydrogels typically focuses on the modulus, toughness, and deformability. These characteristics play important roles and make great achievements for hydrogel use. In recent years, a growing body of research has concentrated on the fatigue property of hydrogels, which determines their resistance to crack propagation in the networks during cyclic mechanical loads for applications. However, knowledge of hydrogel fatigue behavior remains notably deficient. Here, we present a brief overview of the fatigue behavior of hydrogels, encompassing the general experimental methods to measure the fatigue property and fundamental theoretical calculation models. Then, we highlight multiple strategies to enhance the fatigue resistance of hydrogels. Finally, we present our perspectives on fatigue-resistant hydrogels, outstanding challenges and potential directions for future research.

关键词： Hydrogel Fatigue-resistant Fracture