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A prompt-based approach to adversarial example generation and robustness enhancement

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第4期18卷 85-96页

作者： Yuting YANG Pei huang Juan CAO Jintao LI Yun lin Feifei MA Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Institute of Computing TechnologyCASBeijing 100190China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Computer Science Stanford UniversityCA 94305USA School of Computing National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Laboratory of Parallel Software and Computational Science Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Recent years have seen the wide application of natural language processing(NLP)models in crucial areas such as finance,medical treatment,and news media,raising concerns about the model robustness and *** find that prompt paradigm can probe special robust defects of pre-trained language *** prompt texts are first constructed for inputs and a pre-trained language model can generate adversarial examples for victim models via *** results show that prompt paradigm can efficiently generate more diverse adversarial examples besides synonym ***,we propose a novel robust training approach based on prompt paradigm which incorporates prompt texts as the alternatives to adversarial examples and enhances robustness under a lightweight minimax-style optimization *** on three real-world tasks and two deep neural models show that our approach can significantly improve the robustness of models to resist adversarial attacks.

关键词： robustness adversarial example prompt learning pre-trained language model

Clinical significance of platelet mononuclear cell aggregates in patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第5期12卷 966-972页

作者： Chong-Min huang Juan-Juan Li wei-Ke wei Department of Intensive Medicine The Second People's Hospital of Haining CityHaining 314419Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Qingyang HospitalHangzhou 310023Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of sepsis combined with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)has increased owing to the enhanced awareness among medical profes-sionals and the continuous development of modern medical technologies,while early diagnosis of ARDS still lacks specific *** of the main patho-genic mechanisms of sepsis-associated ARDS involves the actions of various pathological injuries and inflammatory factors,such as platelet and white blood cells activation,leading to an increase of surface adhesion *** adhesion molecules further form platelet-white blood cell aggregates,including platelet-mononuclear cell aggregates(PMAs).PMAs has been identified as one of the markers of platelet activation,here we hypothesize that PMAs might play a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of this *** We selected 72 hospitalized patients diagnosed with sepsis as the study population between March 2019 and March *** them,30 patients with sepsis and ARDS formed the study group,while 42 sepsis patients without ARDS comprised the control *** diagnosis,venous blood samples were imme-diately collected from all *** cytometry was employed to analyze the expression of PMAs,platelet neutrophil aggregates(PNAs),and platelet aggregates(PLyAs)in the ***,the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score was calculated for each patient,and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess diagnostic *** The study found that the levels of PNAs and PLyAs in the serum of the study group were higher than those in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).However,the expression of PMAs in the serum of the study group was significantly upregulated(P<0.05)and positively correlated with the APACHE II score(r=0.671,P<0.05).When using PMAs as a diagnostic indicator,the area under the curve value was 0.957,indicating a high diagnostic va

关键词： Sepsis Acute respiratory distress syndrome Platelet leukocyte aggregates Platelet mononuclear cell aggregates,Biomarker

Multifunctional MOF@COF Nanoparticles Mediated Perovskite Films Management Toward Sustainable Perovskite Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 195-208页

作者： Yayu Dong Jian Zhang Hongyu Zhang wei Wang Boyuan Hu Debin Xia Kaifeng lin lin Geng Yulin Yang MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangPeople’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang 330013JiangxiPeople’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangPeople’s Republic of China

Although covalent organic frameworks(COFs)with highπ-conjugation have recently exhibited great prospects in perovskite solar cells(PSCs),their further application in PSCs is still hindered by face-to-face stacking and aggregation ***,metal-organic framework(MOF-808)is selected as an ideal platform for the in situ homogeneous growth of a COF to construct a core-shell MOF@COF nanoparticle,which could effectively inhibit COF stacking and *** synergistic intrinsic mechanisms induced by the MOF@COF nanoparticles for reinforcing intrinsic stability and mitigating lead leakage in PSCs have been *** complementary utilization ofπ-conjugated skeletons and nanopores could optimize the crystallization of large-grained perovskite films and eliminate *** resulting PSCs achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency of 23.61%with superior open circuit voltage(1.20 V)and maintained approximately 90%of the original power conversion efficiency after 2000 h(30-50%RH and 25-30℃).Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the in situ chemical fixation and adsorption abilities of the MOF@COF nanoparticles,the amount of lead leakage from unpackaged PSCs soaked in water(<5 ppm)satisfies the laboratory assessment required for the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Regulation.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Covalent organic frameworks Metal-organic frameworks Lead leakage Stability

Designing ultrastable P2/O3-type layered oxides for sodium ion batteries by regulating Na distribution and oxygen redox chemistry

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 466-476页

作者： Jieyou huang weiliang Li Debin Ye lin Xu Wenwei Wu Xuehang Wu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004GuangxiChina Guangxi Key Laboratory for High-value Utilization of Manganese Resources Guangxi Normal University for NationalitiesChongzuo 532200GuangxiChina

P2/O3-type Ni/Mn-based layered oxides are promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)owing to their high energy ***,exploring effective ways to enhance the synergy between the P2 and 03 phases remains a ***,we design a P2/O3-type Na_(0.76)Ni_(0.31)Zn_(0.07)Mn_(0.50)Ti_(0.12)0_(2)(NNZMT)with high chemical/electrochemical stability by enhancing the coupling between the two *** the first time,a unique Na*extraction is observed from a Na-rich O3 phase by a Na-poor P2 phase and systematically *** process is facilitated by Zn^(2+)/Ti^(4+)dual doping and calcination condition regulation,allowing a higher Na*content in the P2 phase with larger Na^(+)transport channels and enhancing Na transport *** of reduced Na^(+)in the O3 phase,which increases the difficulty of H^(+)/Na^(+) exchange,the hydrostability of the O3 phase in NNZMT is considerably ***,Zn^(2+)/Ti^(4+)presence in NNZMT synergistically regulates oxygen redox chemistry,which effectively suppresses O_(2)/CO_(2) gas release and electrolyte decomposition,and completely inhibits phase transitions above 4.0 *** a result,NNZMT achieves a high discharge capacity of 144.8 mA h g^(-1) with a median voltage of 3.42 V at 20 mA g^(-1) and exhibits excellent cycling performance with a capacity retention of 77.3% for 1000 cycles at 2000 mA g^(-1).This study provides an effective strategy and new insights into the design of high-performance layered-oxide cathode materials with enhanced structure/interface stability forSIBs.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries P2/O3-type layered oxides Na distribution Oxygen redox chemistry Hydrostability

Optimizing theπ-Bridge of Non-fullerene Acceptors to Suppress Dark Current in NIR Organic Photodetectors

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第4期40卷 712-721页

作者： SHAO lin huang Yijun HONG ling XU Zishuo YANG Xiye LIU Chunchen huang Fei CAO Yong State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P.R.China Lumidar Technology Co. Ltd.Guangzhou510530P.R.China

Recently,the rapid development of non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)has laid the foundation for performance improvements in near-infrared(NIR)organic photodetectors(OPDs).However,reducing the bandgap of NFAs to achieve strong absorption in the shorter-wave region usually leads to increased dark current density(J_(d))and decreased responsivity(R),severely limiting the detectivity(D*)of *** date,it remains challenging to manipulate the J_(d) of NIR-OPDs through rational structure engineering of ***,three NIR-NFAs,namely bis(2-decyltetradecyl)4,4′-(2′,7′-di-tert-butylspiro[cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-4,9′-fluorene]-2,6-diyl)bis(6-(((Z)-1-(dicyanomethylene)-5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-2-ylidene)methyl)thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate)(TSIC-4F),bis(2-decyltetradecyl)6,6′-(2′,7′-di-tert-butylspiro[cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-4,9′-fluorene]-2,6-diyl)bis(4-(((Z)-1-(dicyanomethylene)-5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-2-ylidene)methyl)thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate)(STIC-4F),and 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-(((2′,7′-di-tert-butylspiro[cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-4,9′-fluorene]-2,6-diyl)bis(2,3-bis(5-(2-butyloctyl)thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-7,5-diyl))bis(metha-neylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile(TPIC-4F),were designed using the thieno[3,4-b]thiophene(TT)and thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine(TPy)derivatives as theπ-*** to the intramolecular S-S and S-N interactions,STIC-4F and TPIC-4F exhibited smaller backbone distortions than TSIC-4F.A significantly red-shifted absorption with a peak at 1015 nm was observed in TPIC-4F film,larger than that(ca.960 nm)for TSIC-4F and STIC-4F ***,OPDs operating in a photovoltaic mode were successfully fabricated,and TPIC-4F-based OPDs achieved the lowest J_(d) of 3.18×10^(-8) A/cm^(2) at-0.1 ***,although TPIC-4F-based OPDs exhibited the lowest R,higher shot-noise-limited specific detectivity(D_(sh)*)in 1000-1200 nm co

关键词： π-Bridge Near-infrared Non-fullerene acceptor Dark current Organic photodetector

Exploring the Roles of Single Atom in Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 32-67页

作者： Kelin He Zimo huang Chao Chen Chuntian Qiu Yu lin Zhong Qitao Zhang International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518000China Queensland Micro‑and Nanotechnology Centre School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityNathanQLD 4222Australia Institute for Sustainable Transformation School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 51006China ZJU‑Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 311215China

This comprehensive review provides a deep exploration of the unique roles of single atom catalysts(SACs)in photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))*** offer multiple benefits over traditional catalysts such as improved efficiency,selectivity,and flexibility due to their distinct electronic structure and unique *** review discusses the critical elements in the design of SACs,including the choice of metal atom,host material,and coordination environment,and how these elements impact the catalytic *** role of single atoms in photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production is also analysed,focusing on enhancing light absorption and charge generation,improving the migration and separation of charge carriers,and lowering the energy barrier of adsorption and activation of *** these advantages,several challenges,including H_(2)O_(2)decomposition,stability of SACs,unclear mechanism,and low selectivity,need to be *** towards the future,the review suggests promising research directions such as direct utilization of H_(2)O_(2),high-throughput synthesis and screening,the creation of dual active sites,and employing density functional theory for investigating the mechanisms of SACs in H_(2)O_(2)*** review provides valuable insights into the potential of single atom catalysts for advancing the field of photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production.

关键词： Single atom catalysts H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis Catalyst design and optimization

Using free style proximal radial forearm free flaps for head and neck reconstructions

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中国口腔颌面外科杂志 2008年第B5期6卷 187-188页

作者： Jeng-Yee lin wei-Chao huang Ming-Huei Cheng David CC Chuang Fu-Chan wei Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Chang GungMemorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan China Xiamen ChangGung Memorial Hospital China

Purpose: Although radial forearm free flaps are commonly used for head and neck reconstructions, the associated morbidity remains a concern。The most notable problems are related to the conspicuousness of a distal forearm skin graft and radial artery sacrifice。In this study, we describe harvesting a proximal radial forearm free flap while preserving radial artery in highly selected cases and describe its indications and limitations。Methods: From September, 2004 to March, 2006, a total of 14 free proximal radial forearm flaps were used for head and neck reconstruction in 12 patients。There were one female and eleven male patients。The skin flap size ranged from 2.0 cm×6.0 cm to 4.5 cm×18cm。Results: All free proximal radial forearm flap reconstructions had an immediate success。There were one delayed flap loss due to wound infection。Six flaps were harvested with preservation of the radial artery trunk。The average diameter and length of the septocutaneous vessel of the proximal radial forearm flap was 0.73 mm and 3.3 cm respectively。Two flaps were harvested in conjunction with the conventional free radial forearm flaps。Nine donor sites were closed primarily and 5 donor sites required skin grafts。Conclusion: The proximal radial forearm flap can be successfully used in head and neck reconstruction with the advantages of moving the donor site to the proximal forearm for better scar concealment and possible preservation of the radial artery trunk。The disadvantages of this flap are short pedicle length and small pedicle diameter when radial artery is to be preserved。

关键词：头颈部修复方法整形技术皮肤移植

Utilization of hydralazine as a reactive matrix for enhanced detection and on-MALDI-target derivatization of saccharides

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 386-391页

作者： Dan Ouyang Huan huang Yanting He Jiajing Chen Jiali lin Zhuling Chen Zongwei Cai Zian lin Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food SafetyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China School of Pharmacy Bengbu Medical UniversityBengbu 233000China Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina

Saccharides are a sort of ubiquitous and vital molecules within the whole ***,the application of saccharides analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry(MALDI-MS)is restricted by their low ionization efficiency and the instability of the sialic acid *** strategy based on nonreductive amination provides a good solution,however,this is often time consuming and may result in sample loss due to removal of excessive derivatization ***,hydralazine(HZN)was utilized as a reactive matrix for labeling reducing saccharides directly on MALDI target which eliminated tedious sample preparation and avoided sample *** optimization,effective and reproducible on-MALDI-target derivatization of neutral and acidic saccharides was achieved in both positive and negative *** with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid(DHB)and 9-aminoacridine(9-AA),HZN improved the detection sensitivity of reducing saccharides and provided more abundant fragment ions in MS/MS ***,26 kinds of neutral glycans and 5 kinds of sialic glycans were identified from ovalbumin(OVA)and bovine fetuin,*** with the statistical models,this strategy could be used to distinguish and predict samples of 6 brands of beer,and discriminate 2 kinds of beer fermentation *** addition,HZN was applied for quantitative analysis of glucose in urine samples,and the obtained urine glucose concentrations of diabetic patients were consistent with the clinical test results,showing the potential of qualitative and quantitative analysis of reducing saccharides in complex samples.

关键词： Hydralazine Reactive matrix On-MALDI-target derivatization Saccharides

Investigation of FRP and SFRC Technologies for Efficient Tunnel Reinforcement Using the Cohesive Zone Model

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2024年第2期18卷 161-179页

作者： Gang Niu Zhaoyang Jin wei Zhang Yiqun huang China Communications Construction Investment Development Co. Ltd.Fuzhou350000China Rail Transit Branch of China Communications Construction Co. Ltd.Beijing101317China School of Civil Engineering Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou350118China

Amid urbanization and the continuous expansion of transportation networks,the necessity for tunnel construction and maintenance has become *** this need requires the investigation of efficient,economical,and robust tunnel reinforcement *** paper explores fiber reinforced polymer(FRP)and steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC)technologies,which have emerged as viable solutions for enhancing tunnel *** is celebrated for its lightweight and high-strength attributes,effectively augmenting load-bearing capacity and seismic resistance,while SFRC’s notable crack resistance and longevity potentially enhance the performance of tunnel ***,current research predominantly focuses on experimental analysis,lacking comprehensive theoretical *** bridge this gap,the cohesive zone model(CZM),which utilizes cohesive elements to characterize the potential fracture surfaces of concrete/SFRC,the rebar-concrete interface,and the FRP-concrete interface,was employed.A modeling approach was subsequently proposed to construct a tunnel segment model reinforced with either SFRC or ***,the corresponding mixed-mode constitutive models,considering interfacial friction,were integrated into the proposed *** validation and numerical simulations corroborated the accuracy of the proposed ***,this study examined the reinforcement design of tunnel *** a numerical evaluation,the effectiveness of innovative reinforcement schemes,such as substituting concrete with SFRC and externally bonding FRP sheets,was assessed utilizing a case study from the Fuzhou Metro Shield Tunnel Construction Project.

关键词： Tunnel segment FRP SFRC cohesive zone model constitutive model fracture process