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Sludge reduction with Tubificidae and the impact on the performance of the wastewater treatment process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第3期19卷 257-263页

作者： GUO Xue-song liU Jun-xin wei Yuan-song li lin Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

To reduce excess sludge, a Tubificidae reactor was combined with an integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle （IODVC）, and a new integrated system was developed for wastewater treatment, A pilot-scale of this integrated system was tested to investigate the sludge reduction with Tubificidae and the impact on effluent quality and sludge production. The dominant worm was Branchnria Sowerbyi in the Tubificidae reactor after inoculation of Branchnria Sowerbyi and limnodrilns sp., and the maximal volume density of wet Tubificidae in vessels of the Tubificidae reactor was 17600 g/m^3. Two operational modes, treating the excess sludge （first mode） and the returned sludge （second mode） of IODVC by the Tubificidae reactor, were used in this experiment. The results showed that the excess sludge reduction rate was 46.4% in the first mode, and the average sludge yield of the integrated system was 6.19× 10^-5 kg SS/kg COD in the second mode. Though the sludge returned to IODVC via the Tubificidae reactor, it had little impact on the effluent quality and the sludge characteristics of the IODVC. No new type of recalcitrant substance in the supernatant was discharged into the environment when the sludge was treated by Tubificidae. The experimental results also indicated that no significant changes occurred on the viscosity, specific resistance, and the floc size distribution of the sludge.

关键词： integrated wastewater treatment system sludge reduction wastewater treatment Tubificidae

Magnetic properties and structures of Y-substituted Nd-Y-Fe-B melt-spun ribbons

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Rare Metals 2023年第5期42卷 1712-1717页

作者： Meng Zheng Yi-Kun Fang li-wei song Rui Han Ming-Gang Zhu wei li Division of Functional Materials Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing100081China

The nanocrystalline magnetic ribbons of(Nd_(1-x)Y_(x))_(14.5)Fe_(ba1)B(6)Co_(0.2)Al_(1)Cu_(0.15)(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4) were prepared by melt-spinning *** magnetic properties and microstructures were systematically investigated for the *** is found that Y substituting Nd in the R_(2)Fe_(14)B main phase grains gives rise to the decrease in the crystal lattice *** Y content increases from x=0 to x=0.4,the remanence and intrinsic coercivity(H_(cj)) decrease from 0.80 to 0.71 T and1400 to 809 kA·m^(-)1,respectively,with the corresponding descent rate of 11.5% and 42.5%.It is impressed that the average grain size increases with Y content *** the strong intergrain exchange coupling interactions exist in all the ribbons and could be enhanced with an appropriate Y substitution,such as x=***,magnetization reversal mechanism is confirmed to be pinning type for the *** results provide valuable reference to the fabrication of Y-substituted Nd-Y-Fe-B sintered magnets.

关键词： Melt-spun ribbons Y substitution Intergrain exchange coupling Microstructure

Low-temperature graphitization of lignin via Co-assisted electrolysis in molten salt

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第9期9卷 1449-1458页

作者： Shijie li wei-li song Xue Han Qingqing Cui Yan-li Zhu Shuqiang Jiao Institute of Advanced Structure Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081China

The ever-growing energy demand and environmental issues have stimulated the development of sustainable energy ***,an efficient and environmentally friendly electrochemical transformation technology was proposed to prepare highly graphitized carbon materials from an abundant natural resource-lignin (LG).The preparation process mainly includes pyrolytic carbonization of raw LG material and electrochemical conversion of amorphous carbon ***,with the assistance of Co catalyst,the graphitization degree of the products was significantly improved,in which the mechanism was the removal of heteroatoms in LG and the rearrangement of carbon atoms into graphite ***,tunable microstructures (nanoflakes) under catalytic effects could also be observed by controlling the electrolytic *** with the products CN1 (without catalyst) and CN5 (with 10%catalyst),the specific surface area are 158.957 and 202.246 m^(2)g^(-1),*** used as the electrode material for lithium-ion batteries,CN5 delivered a competitive specific capacity of~350 m Ah g^(-1)(0.5 C) compared with commercial *** strategy proposed in this work provides an effective way to extract value-added graphite materials from lignin and can be extended to the graphitization conversion of any other amorphous carbon precursor materials.

关键词： lignin Graphitic carbon Electrochemical conversion lithium-ion batteries

Rapid operando gas monitor for commercial lithium ion batteries: Gas evolution and relation with electrode materials

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第9期31卷 14-25,I0002页

作者： Siqi Lyu Na li Lei Sun Shuqiang Jiao Haosen Chen wei-li song Institute of Advanced Structure Technology.Bejing Institute of Technology.Bejing 100081 China School ofifomation and Eletronics Beijing nstute of Technology.Bejing 100081China StateKey Laboratory of Advanced Metalurgy University of Science and Technology Bejing Bejing 100083China

Internal gases caused by side reactions are crucial signals for evaluating health and safety states of li-ion batteries(liBs)while it is still a great challenge to timely realize accurate *** address the issues of implanting various gas sensors into commercial batteries,here a novel method is developed to fast operando monitoring gas evolution via equipping non-dispersive infrared multi-gases sensors into a sealed tank,where real commercial batteries with one open end could be settled for *** generated CO_(2)concentration is strongly linked with both voltage and temperature,while the concentrations of CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(4) are solely dependent on *** a typical trace gas,evolution behaviors of CO_(2)have been related to 0_(2) generation from liNi_(o.5)Mn_(0.3)CoO_(2)0_(2) positive electrode,implying stable CO_(2)release below a critical voltage of 4.5 *** tracking CO_(2)concentration,an increased amount of li_(2)CO_(3) was monitored on the surface of graphite negative electrode during discharge process at dfferent temperatures and cutoff voltages,which contributes to the component variation of solid electrolyte *** operando techniques promise a plaform for well understanding the interaction of side reactions linked with gas evolution between positive and negative electrodes in commercial liBs.

关键词： Operando monitoring CO_(2)evolution Fast response li-ion batteries

Editorial for special issue on high-temperature molten salt chemistry and technology

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第12期27卷 1569-1571页

作者： Shu-qiang Jiao Ming-yong Wang wei-li song State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute of Advanced Structure Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

High-temperature molten salt consisting of metal cation and non-metal anion is a promising media to break the limits of aqueous solution due to high conductivity,wide electrochemical window,rapid mass transfer,high solubility to reactants,low vapor pressure,*** the past two hundred years,high-temperature molten salt chemistry and technology attract widely ***,molten salt electrolysis as an indispensable metallurgy technology has been applied industrially for metal extraction of Al,rare earth,and alkali/alkaline-earth *** is well known that industrial aluminum electrolysis was invented by Hall and Heroult in the end of the 19 th *** is a milestone and promotes the change of Al from noble metal to bulk *** present,the yield of Al has reached to 62 millions tons all over the world in ***-temperature molten salt chemistry and technology has brought a revolutionary advancement to human life and infrastructure construction.

关键词： chemistry earth molten

Thickness evolution of graphite-based cathodes in the dual ion batteries via in operando optical observation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第2期28卷 122-128页

作者： Na li Yaoda Xin Haosen Chen Shuqiang Jiao Hanqing Jiang wei-li song Daining Fang Institute of Advanced Structure Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures Beijing Institute of Technology Overseas Education College Nanjing University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing School for Engineering of Matter Transport and EnergyArizona State University State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems College of EngineeringPeking University

Graphite has been currently considered as a promising cathode material in dual ion batteries(DIBs)due to its unique features of sp2 hybridized carbon and stacked two-dimensional layered ***,unexpected volume/thickness changes in the graphite cathodes,induced by the intercalation/deintercalation of anions with large molecular size have been known to be a critical problem in designing DIB *** understand the volume/thickness changes in the DIB electrodes,in operando optical observing apparatus has been employed to observe the cross-section view of a graphite-based cathode upon cycles in the present *** observation suggests that the cathode initially presented a huge irreversible thickness change(60%),and such thickness variation was prone to reduce and remain lights a universal route for fundamentally understanding the electrodes of huge volume variation.

关键词： Dual ion batteries In operando optical observation Graphite Cathode Thickness evolution

All-carbon positive electrodes for stable aluminium batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第3期29卷 17-26页

作者： Zhili Zhou Na li Peng Wang wei-li song Shuqiang Jiao Haosen Chen Daining Fang Institute of Advanced Structure Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory of lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

For addressing the critical problems in current collectors in the aluminium batteries,a variety of carbonbased current collectors,including carbon fiber textiles and three-dimensional(3D)biomass-derivative carbon(BDC)networks,are employed for serving as lightweight non-metal current *** results indicate that all the carbon-based current collectors have electrochemical stability in the acidic electrolyte *** the assembled aluminium batteries with all-carbon positive electrodes,thermal annealing process on the carbon-based current collectors has substantially promoted the entire electrochemical energy storage ***,both the structure configuration and chemical components of the current collectors have also great impact on the rate capability and cycling stability,implying that the 3D BDC networks are more favorable to offer promoted energy storage *** of the results from suggests that the carbon-based current collectors and all-carbon positive electrodes are able to deliver more advantages in energy storage behaviors in comparison with the traditional positive electrodes with metal Mo current *** novel strategy promises a new route for fabricating highperformance positive electrodes for stable advanced aluminium batteries.

关键词： Carbon fiber Graphite Current collectors All-carbon electrode Al batteries

Stable wide-temperature and low volume expansion Al batteries:Integrating few-layer graphene with multifunctional cobalt boride nanocluster as positive electrode

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Nano Research 2020年第2期13卷 419-429页

作者： li-li Chen Na li Huifeng Shi Yuefei Zhang wei-li song Shuqiang Jiao Haosen Chen Daining Fang Institute of Advanced Structure Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory of lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Materials Science&Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advarced Materials Beijing University of TechnologyBejing 100124China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

To achieve stable positive electrode for promoting the overall electrochemical performance of Al batteries(ABs),here novel cobalt boride(CoB)nanoclusters are synthesized to construct composite electrodes with few-layer graphene(FLG).Due to the presence of amorphous channels in the employed CoB nanoclusters,the ABs with FLG/CoB composite positive electrodes exhibit high *** and both mechanical and electrochemical stability in the *** assistance of in situ scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the observation results suggest that the positive electrode of CoB nanoclusters holds almost ignorable volume variation upon electrochemical processes,which substantially alleviates the massive electrode expansion induced by the anion intercalation in the composite positive ***,the composite positive electrodes provide stable reversible energy storage capability within a broadened temperature range(-30-60℃),promising a novel strategy to design advanced ABs positive electrodes with enhanced overall energy storage performance.

关键词： Al batteries positive electrode cobalt boride nanoclusters ionic liquid broad temperature

Uneven deposition on the Al electrode under tension strain

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 98-103,I0004页

作者： Jie He Le Yang Na li wei-li song Shuqiang Jiao Hao-Sen Chen Daining Fang Institute of Advanced Structure Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory of lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Structural deformation and dendrite formation, which would impact the electrochemical processes of rechargeable metal batteries, are usually observed in the high-energy density metal electrodes. Herein,we design an in-situ optical mechano-electrochemical system to study Al deposition on the Al electrode in non-aqueous Al batteries under non-uniform strain. Inhomogeneous distribution of applied strain is realized by creating an oval hole in the Al electrode. The results of the in-situ experiments suggest that the dense Al deposition, which is related to the evolution of surface morphology and increasing reactive sites, is achieved in the regions of stress concentration. The evolution of surface morphology is monitored by the in-situ tension experiments using scanning electron microscope and atomic force ***, a qualitative mathematical model is employed to analyze the changes of the local reaction rate owing to the changed surface morphology and the cracks of oxide film under tensile stress. The results are useful to understand the Al deposition when the mechanical force is applied to the metal electrode.

关键词： Metal electrode In-situ devices Al deposition Surface morphology Tensile strain