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供热管道的防腐蚀探讨

全面腐蚀控制 2019年第8期33卷 98-99页

作者：魏占龙大庆油田矿区服务事业部物业管理二公司银浪供热分公司

直埋敷设是我国供热管道的主要设置方式,而管道腐蚀是供热管道维修中常见现象,本文主要研究供热管道的腐蚀危害及原因,并针对如何更好的实现供热管道防腐蚀技术进行探讨。

关键词：供热管道防腐蚀方法探究

An embedded electron current layer observed at the edge of the plasma sheet in the Earth’s magnetotail

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 148-158页

作者： ChenChen zhan RongSheng Wang QuanMing Lu San Lu XinMin Li Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Anhui Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Collaborative Innovation Center of Astronautical Science and Technology Harbin 150001China

The formation of an embedded electron current sheet within the magnetotail plasma sheet has been poorly *** this article,we present an electron current layer detected at the edge of the magnetotail plasma *** ions were demagnetized inside the electron current layer,but the electrons were still frozen in with the magnetic field ***,this decoupling of ions and electrons gave rise to a strong Hall electric field,which could be the reason for the formation of the embedded thin current *** magnetized electrons,the absence of the nongyrotropic electron distribution,and negligible energy dissipation in the layer indicate that magnetic reconnection had not been triggered within the embedded thin current *** highly asymmetric plasma on the two sides of the current layer and low magnetic shear across it could suppress magnetic *** observations indicate that the embedded electric current layer,probably generated by the Hall electric field,even down to electron scale,is not a sufficient condition for magnetic reconnection.

关键词： magnetotail plasma sheet magnetic reconnection

Cyber-attack Detection Strategy Based on Distribution System State Estimation

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第4期8卷 669-678页

作者： Huan long Zhi Wu Chen Fang wei Gu Xinchi wei Huiyu zhan IEEE School of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjingChina State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company Electric Power Research InstituteShanghaiChina China Electric Power Research Institute BeijingChina

Cyber-attacks that tamper with measurement information threaten the security of state estimation for the current distribution *** paper proposes a cyber-attack detection strategy based on distribution system state estimation(DSSE).The uncertainty of the distribution network is represented by the interval of each state variable.A three-phase interval DSSE model is proposed to construct the interval of each state *** improved iterative algorithm(IIA)is developed to solve the interval DSSE model and to obtain the lower and upper bounds of the interval.A cyber-attack is detected when the value of the state variable estimated by the traditional DSSE is out of the corresponding interval determined by the interval *** validate the proposed cyber-attack detection strategy,the basic principle of the cyber-attack is studied,and its general model is *** proposed cyber-attack model and detection strategy are conducted on the IEEE 33-bus and 123-bus *** experiments of the proposed IIA,Monte Carlo simulation algorithm,and interval Gauss elimination algorithm prove the validation of the proposed method.

关键词： Cyber-attack detection distribution network interval state estimation distribution system state estimation cyber-attack model

Effect of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio and CaO content on viscosity and structure of slag for pyrometallurgical processing of spent automotive catalysts

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第3期31卷 608-621页

作者： Zhe Wang Qi-long wei Cheng-bin Shi zhan-cheng Guo State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The effect of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio and CaO content on the viscosity and structure of the CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-6MgO-1.5ZrO_(2)-1.5CeO_(2) slag was *** results show that with the increase in Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio,the viscous flow units within the slag gradually change from Si-O-Si to Al-O-Al and ***,the substitution of Al_(2)O_(3) for SiO_(2) leads to the transformation of Si-O bonds towards weaker Al-O bonds,which weaken the bond strength of the aluminosilicate networks,thus leading to a decrease in the viscosity of *** increase in CaO content effectively promotes the depolymerization of the aluminosilicate networks,resulting in a significant decrease in the viscosity of the *** slag with Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) of 0.7-1.5 and CaO of 30 wt.%shows promise as the reference slag system for the Fe-collection smelting of spent automotive catalysts due to its good comprehensive performance.

关键词： Aluminosilicate slag Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2)mass ratio CaO content Viscosity Slag structure

Supergravity separation of Pb and Sn from waste printed circuit boards at different temperatures

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第2期25卷 173-180页

作者： long Meng Zhe Wang Yi-wei Zhong Kui-yuan Chen zhan-cheng Guo State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing

Printed circuit boards（PCBs） contain many toxic substances as well as valuable metals, e.g., lead（Pb） and tin（Sn）. In this study, a novel technology, named supergravity, was used to separate different mass ratios of Pb and Sn from Pb–Sn alloys in PCBs. In a supergravity field, the liquid metal phase can permeate from solid particles. Hence, temperatures of 200, 280, and 400°C were chosen to separate Pb and Sn from PCBs. The results depicted that gravity coefficient only affected the recovery rates of Pb and Sn, whereas it had little effect on the mass ratios of Pb and Sn in the obtained alloys. With an increase in gravity coefficient, the recovery values of Pb and Sn in each step of the separation process increased. In the single-step separation process, the mass ratios of Pb and Sn in Pb–Sn alloys were 0.55, 0.40, and 0.64 at 200, 280, and 400°C, respectively. In the two-step separation process, the mass ratios were 0.12 and 0.55 at 280 and 400°C, respectively. Further, the mass ratio was observed to be 0.76 at 400°C in the three-step separation process. This process provides an innovative approach to the recycling mechanism of Pb and Sn from PCBs.

关键词： printed circuit boards supergravity separation recovery Pb–Sn alloy gravity coefficient

Slag/metal Separation Process of Gas-reduced Oolitic High-phosphorus Iron Ore Fines

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2014年第11期21卷 1009-1015页

作者： Hui-qing TANG long MA Jun-wei WANG zhan-cheng GUO State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing

Slag/metal separation process of the highly reduced oolitic high-phosphorus iron ore fines was investigated. Samples were prepared using the reduced ore fines （metallization rate： 88%） and powder additives of CaO and Na2CO3. Slag/metal separation behavior tests were conducted using a quenching method and the obtained metal parts were subjected to direct observation as well as microstructure examination with SEM and EDS; iron recovery and phosphorus distribution tests were conducted using a Si-Mo high temperature furnace and the obtained metal parts were examined by ICP-AES analysis and mass measurement. Thermodynamic calculation using coexistence theory of slag structure was also performed. Results show that temperature for slag/metal separation must be higher than 1823 K and a satisfying slag/metal separation of the highly reduced ore fines needs at least 4 min; phosphorus con- tent of hot metal is mainly determined by thermodynamics; temperature of 1823-1873 K and Na2CO3 mixing ratio of about 3 % are adequate for controlling phosphorus content to be less than 0.3 mass% in hot metal; temperature, time and Na2CO3 mixing ratio do not have significant effect on iron recovery, and iron recovery rate could be higher than 80% as long as a good slag/metal separation result is obtained.

关键词： oolitic high-phosphorus iron ore fine slag/metal separation iron recovery phosphorus partition

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自激式电感耦合等离子体光源设计及光谱分析

光谱学与光谱分析 2025年第1期45卷 66-71页

作者：卢思贤龙开红詹陈锐李明北方工业大学电气与控制工程学院北京100144 益阳职业技术学院电子与信息工程学院湖南益阳413055

电感耦合等离子体(ICP)光谱仪是一种应用范围很广的元素分析仪,主要用于元素定性与定量的分析。ICP光源是光谱仪的核心部件,它在光谱仪中扮演着至关重要的角色。目前主流的ICP光源有两种:自激式和他激式,各自具有优缺点。他激式光源电... 详细信息

电感耦合等离子体(ICP)光谱仪是一种应用范围很广的元素分析仪,主要用于元素定性与定量的分析。ICP光源是光谱仪的核心部件,它在光谱仪中扮演着至关重要的角色。目前主流的ICP光源有两种:自激式和他激式,各自具有优缺点。他激式光源电路复杂、体积庞大、阻抗匹配速度较慢、最大输出功率有限。设计了一种基于镀金工艺的高功率MOSFET和变频实现阻抗匹配的自激式ICP光源,该光源采用射频放大和阻抗匹配一体化的设计,把从负载线圈采样的频率信号f_(1)以及功率放大电路放大后的频率相位f_(0)进行相位比较,再根据两者相位差的变化,进而控制频率的变化,实现阻抗匹配;设计上采用了镀金工艺的金属化硅N通道型高功率的MOSFET实现功率放大,具有更大的功率密度、更小的体积,最大输出功率超过2400 W。对研制的ICP光源进行了电学静态测试,给出了鉴相器、压控振荡器以及功率的输出特性,验证了各电路在相应工作状态下的性能表现;同时结合光谱仪进行了包含Ba、Na和Li元素标准溶液的测试,获得了目标元素的光谱信号;另外,对获得的光谱信号进行了处理,使用了基于EEMD特征增强的方法对目标元素光谱信号进行有效增强,信号的线性决定系数(R^(2))从0.97降至0.99,相对标准偏差(RSD)从6.47%降至1.07%,增强了信号的准确性和可用性。本文所研制的自激式ICP光源,通过射频放大和阻抗匹配一体化设计缩小了体积,变频技术使阻抗匹配速度从毫秒级提升到纳秒级,镀金工艺的MOSFET技术使最大输出功率从原来的1800 W增加到2400 W,为ICP光源的进一步优化和应用奠定了基础,具有重要的科学研究和工程实践意义。

关键词：自激式ICP光源阻抗匹配光谱信号 EEMD算法

MDCFS: few-shot object detection with multilevel decoupled classifiers

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年

作者： LI Chuanhui ZHOU Mian FENG Zhikun SUI Zezhou GAO zhan School of Computer Science and Engineering， Tianjin University of Technology

Few-shot object detection poses unique challenges as it requires effectively learning novel classes with limited labeled data. Current approaches often suffer from biases towards base classes during fine-tuning， leading to suboptimal performance on detecting novel classes. Additionally， in complex scenes， the confusion between foreground and background objects further affects the accuracy and robustness of the model. To address these issues， we propose the Multilevel Decoupling Classification Few-Shot Algorithm (MDCFS). we decouple the standard classifier into a parallel foreground classifier and a background classifier in the Few-Shot Object Detection (FSOD) setting. This decoupling enables the independent separation of positive samples from noisy negative samples， alleviating the foreground-background confusion problem commonly encountered in few-shot detectors. For Generalized Few-Shot Object Detection (G-FSOD)， where the few-shot dataset contains base classes， we further decouple the foreground classification head into a base class classification head and a novel class classification head. To ensure balance， we assign more weight to the novel class classification head， effectively addressing the bias towards base classes. Furthermore， we optimize the initial weights of the few-shot fine-tuning stage， significantly reducing training time and mitigating catastrophic forgetting in G-FSOD. Additionally， we incorporate metric learning into our model with minimal cost. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Compared to state-of-the-art few-shot object detection methods based on fine-tuning， MDCFS achieves performance improvements of up to 6.3% on the PASCAL VOC dataset and 1.5% on the COCO dataset.

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Kinematics-based four-state trajectory tracking control of a spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第6期32卷 1530-1540页

作者： wei LI Qiang zhan Robotics Institute Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China Ecole Centrale de Pékin Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China

Spherical mobile robot has compact structure, remarkable stability, and flexible motion,which make it have many advantages over traditional mobile robots when applied in those unmanned environments, such as outer planets. However, spherical mobile robot is a special highly under-actuated nonholonomic system, which cannot be transformed to the classic chained form. At present, there has not been a kinematics-based trajectory tracking controller which could track both the position states and the attitude states of a spherical mobile robot. In this paper, the four-state(two position states and two attitude states) trajectory tracking control of a type of spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum was studied. A controller based on the shunting model of neurodynamics and the kinematic model was deduced, and its stability was demonstrated with Lyapunov’s direct method. The control priorities of the four states were allocated according to the magnification of each state tracking error in order to firstly ensure the correct tracking of the position states. The outputs(motor speeds) of the controller were regulated according to the maximum speeds and the maximum accelerations of the actuation motors in order to solve the speed jump problem caused by initial state errors, and continuous and bounded outputs were obtained. The effectiveness including the anti-interference ability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller was verified through MATLAB simulations.

关键词： Kinematics Lyapunov methods Neurodynamics Nonholonomic systems Spherical mobile robot Trajectory tracking