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Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau Juanxiu xiao wei xiao Di Hu Guoxiong Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Methane, an abundant one-carbon（C1） resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO2emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane（ECM） using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO2emission.

关键词： Methane Electrochemical conversion Reaction mechanism Catalyst design Electrode Electrocatalysis

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Photoinduced radical sulfur dioxide insertion with asymmetric cyclization of alkenes: accessing β-chiral sulfones bearing S-stereocentric cyclic sulfinamides

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期 257-263页

作者： Jiapian Huang Chenxin Wang Xu Wang xiaoyu Zhou wei xiao Jie Wu School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies Taizhou University State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University

The generation of various β-chiral sulfones bearing chiral cyclic sulfinamides through photoredox-catalyzed sulfur dioxide insertion with asymmetric radical cyclization is described. This method features a broad substrate scope and excellent stereospecificity. Computational studies reveal that the dispersion interaction between sulfinyl group and CH2SO2Ph group plays a crucial role in the stereoselectivity control.

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Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia in molten salts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第4期29卷 195-207页

作者： Jiarong Yang wei Weng wei xiao School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina

Ammonia is important feedstock for both fertilizer production and carbon-free liquid *** techniques for ammonia formation have been developed,hoping to replace the industrial energy-intensive Haber-Bosch *** synthesis of ammonia in molten salts is one promising alternative method due to the strong solubility of N3- ions,a wide potential window of molten salt electrolytes and tunable electrode ***,electrochemical synthesis of ammonia in molten salts begins with the electro-cleavage of N2/hydrogen sources on electrode surfaces,followed by diffusion of N3^-/H^+-containing ions towards each other for NH3 ***,the hydrogen sources and molten salt composition will greatly affect the reactions on electrodes and ions diffusion in electrolytes,being critical factors determining the faradaic efficiency and formation rate for ammonia *** report summarizes the selection criteria for hydrogen sources,the reaction characteristics in various molten salt systems,and the preliminary explorations on the scaling-up synthesis of ammonia in molten *** formation rate and faradaic efficiency for ammonia synthesis are discussed in detail based on different hydrogen sources,various molten salt systems,changed electrolysis conditions as well as diverse *** synthesis of ammonia might be further enhanced by optimizing the molten salt composition,using electrocatalysts with well-defined composition and microstructure,and innovation of novel reaction mechanism.

关键词： Electrochemical ammonia synthesis Molten salt electrolysis N2 reduction Hydrogen source

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Capture and electro-splitting of CO_2 in molten salts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第1期28卷 128-143页

作者： wei Weng Lizi Tang wei xiao School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan University

Due to the serious greenhouse gas effects caused by the increasing concentration of atmospheric CO_2,carbon capture and storage(CCS) has been an important area of research and many technologies are developed within this field. Molten salt CO_2 capture and electrochemical transformation(MSCC-ET) process is a desirable method due to a high CO_2 solubility, a wide potential window of molten salts and easily-controlled electrode reactions. Generally, electro-splitting CO_2 in molten salts begins with CO_2 absorption reactions to form CO_3^(2-), which is then followed by the carbon deposition at the cathode and O_2 evolution at the anode. As a result, CO_2 is electro-converted to O_2 and carbon with different morphologies, compositions, microstructures and functional properties. This report introduces the MSCC-ET process, summarizes the reactions occurring in the molten salts and at the electrode surfaces, as well as the morphological variations of the cathodic products. The inert anode materials, cost estimation and scale-up evaluation of the process are then discussed. It is presumed that with a comprehensive understanding of the electrode reactions during electrolysis and the functional properties of carbon materials obtained during CO_2 electro-splitting can provide a foundation for further developing this environmentally friendly process.

关键词： CO2 electro-splitting Molten salt electrolysis Inert anodes Cost evaluation

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Differential-operator representations of Weyl group and singular vectors in Verma modules

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Science China Mathematics 2018年第6期61卷 1013-1038页

作者： wei xiao College of Mathematics and Statistics Shenzhen University

Given a suitable ordering of the positive root system associated with a semisimple Lie algebra,there exists a natural correspondence between Verma modules and related polynomial algebras. With this, the Lie algebra action on a Verma module can be interpreted as a differential operator action on polynomials, and thus on the corresponding truncated formal power series. We prove that the space of truncated formal power series gives a differential-operator representation of the Weyl group W. We also introduce a system of partial differential equations to investigate singular vectors in the Verma module. It is shown that the solution space of the system in the space of truncated formal power series is the span of {w(1) | w ∈ W }. Those w(1) that are polynomials correspond to singular vectors in the Verma module. This elementary approach by partial differential equations also gives a new proof of the well-known BGG-Verma theorem.

关键词： Verma module singular vector differential equation differential operator Weyl group

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Differential Equations and Singular Vectors in Verma Modules over sl(n,C)

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2015年第7期31卷 1057-1066页

作者： wei xiao College of Mathematics and Computational Science Shenzhen University

Xu introduced a system of partial differential equations to investigate singular vectors in the Verma module of highest weight λ, over sl（n,C）. He gave a differential-operator representation of the symmetric group Sn on the corresponding space of truncated power series and proved that the solution space of the system is spanned by {σ（1）｜ σ ∈ Sn}. It is known that Sn is also the Weyl group of sl（n, C） and generated by all reflections sα with positive roots α. We present an explicit formula of the solution sα（1） for every positive root α and show directly that sα（1） is a polynomial if and only if （λ＋p, α） is a nonnegative integer. From this, we can recover a formula of singular vectors given by Malikov et al..

关键词： Verma modules singular vector differential equation truncated power series

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Interfacial confinement of Ni-V2O3 in molten salts for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第11期29卷 280-285页

作者： Jing Zhou Hansheng xiao wei Weng Dong Gu wei xiao College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina The Institute of Advanced Studies.Wuhan University Wuhan 430072HubeiChina

Implementation of non-precious electrocatalysts is key-enabling for water electrolysis to relieve challenges in energy and environmental sustainability. Self-supporting Ni-V2O3 electrodes consisting of nanostrip-like V2O3 perpendicularly anchored on Ni meshes are herein constructed via the electrochemical reduction of soluble NaVO3 in molten salts for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Such a special configuration in morphology and composition creates a well confined interface between Ni and V2O3. Experimental and Density-Functional-Theory results confirm that the synergy between Ni and V2O3 accelerates the dissociation of H2O for forming hydrogen intermediates and enhances the combination of H*for generating H2.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution Electrochemistry Molten salt Ni V2O3

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当代美国犹太人的犹太性

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思想战线 2009年第4期35卷 48-51页

作者：魏啸飞上海交通大学外语学院

犹太人在经历了人类历史上惨绝人寰的迫害和屠杀之后本应当具有非凡的凝聚力,把以色列作为魂牵梦绕的家乡。然而,当代美国犹太人的状况却似乎构成一个悖论,在美国这个宣传宗教自由的国度,他们不大愿意继续其犹太教信仰,而且与以色列的... 详细信息

犹太人在经历了人类历史上惨绝人寰的迫害和屠杀之后本应当具有非凡的凝聚力,把以色列作为魂牵梦绕的家乡。然而,当代美国犹太人的状况却似乎构成一个悖论,在美国这个宣传宗教自由的国度,他们不大愿意继续其犹太教信仰,而且与以色列的联系愈来愈疏远,他们的犹太性正面临巨大的考验。令人吃惊的是,这种威胁主要来自于犹太人的自我放弃,而非美国社会的反犹主义势力。

关键词：美国社会犹太人犹太性社团

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Research on ballistic missile laser SIMU error propagation mechanism

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2008年第2期19卷 356-362页

作者： wei Shihui xiao Longxu Equipment Inst. of Second Artillery Beijing 100085 P. R. China

It is necessary that the laser inertial system is used to further improve the fire accuracy and quick reaction capability in the ballistic missile strapdown inertial navigation system. According to the guidance controlling method and the output and error model of ballistic missile laser SIMU, the mathematical model of error propagation mechanism is set up and any transfer environmental function of error coefficient that affects the fire accuracy is deduced. Also, the missile longitudinal/lateral impact point is calculated using MATLAB. These establish the technical foundation for further researching the dispersion characteristics of impact point and reducing the laser guidance error.

关键词： ballistic missile laser SIMU instrument error impact point deviations environmental function.

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Analysis of the stress wave and rarefaction wave produced by hypervelocity impact of sphere onto thin plate

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第5期16卷 969-979页

作者： Ken Wen xiao-wei Chen State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Institute of Systems Engineering China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyangSichuan621999China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

Shock wave is emitted into the plate and sphere when a sphere hypervelocity impacts onto a thin *** fragmentation and phase change of the material caused by the propagation and unloading of shock wave could result in the formation of debris cloud *** models are deduced based on one-dimensional shock wave theory and the geometry of sphere,which uses elliptic equations(corresponding to ellipsoid equations in physical space)to describe the propagation of shock wave and the rarefaction ***“Effective thickness”is defined as the critical plate thickness that ensures the rarefaction wave overtake the shock wave at the back of the ***“Effective thickness”is directly related to the form of the debris *** relation of the“Effective thickness”and the“Optimum thickness”is also *** impacts of Al spheres onto Al plates are simulated within SPH to verify the propagation models and associated *** results show that the wave fronts predicted by the propagation models are closer to the simulation result at higher impact *** curvatures of the wave fronts decrease with the increase of impact *** predicted“Effective thickness”is consistent with the simulation *** analysis about the shock wave propagation and unloading in this paper can provide a new sight and inspiration for the quantitative study of hypervelocity impact and space debris protection.

关键词： Hypervelocity impact Debris cloud Shock wave Rarefaction wave Effective thickness of plate

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