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Characterization of Fe-containing particles in Chengdu,southwest China,using single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 110-120页

作者： Renjiang He Junke zhang Luyao Chen wei zhang Yingwei Xi School of Public Health Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000China Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China Sichuan Environmental Monitoring Center Chengdu 610074China

Single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry was used to study the characteristics of Fecontaining particles during winter in Chengdu,southwest China.The mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)during the study period were 64±38 and 89±49μg/m~3,respectively,and NO_(2)and particulate matter were high compared with most other regions of China.The Fecontaining particles were divided into seven categories with different mass spectra,sources and aging characteristics.The highest contribution was from Fe mixed with carbonaceous components(Fe-C,23.1%)particles.Fe was more mixed with sulfate than nitrate and therefore the contribution of Fe mixed with sulfate(Fe-S,20.7%)particles was higher than that of Fe mixed with nitrate(Fe-N,12.5%)particles.The contributions from Fe-containing particles related to primary combustion were high in the small particle size range,whereas aged Fecontaining particles and dust-related particles were mostly found in the coarse particle size range.The air masses mainly originated from the west and east of Chengdu,and the corresponding PM_(2.5)concentrations were 79±36 and 55±36μg/m~3,respectively.The west and east air masses showed stronger contributions of Fe-containing particles related to biomass burning(Fe-B)and fossil fuel combustion(Fe-C and Fe-S)particles,respectively.The southwest area contributed the most Fe-containing particles.Future assessments of the effects of Fe-containing particles during heavy pollution period should pay more attention to Fe-C and Fe-S particles.Emission-reduction of Fe-containing particles should consider both local emissions and short-distance transmission from the surrounding areas.

关键词： Fe-containing particles Particle composition Potential source areas Evolution Chengdu

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Potential and progress of studying mountain biodiversity by means of butterfly genetics and genomics

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第3期51卷 292-301页

作者： Shuting Wang Marco Girardello wei zhang State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China cE3c-Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity GroupFaculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e do AmbienteUniversidade dos Açores9700-042 Angra do HeroísmoTerceiraPortugal

Mountains are rich in biodiversity,and butterflies are species-rich and have a good ecological and evolutionary research foundation.This review addresses the potential and progress of studying mountain biodiversity using butterflies as a model.We discuss the uniqueness of mountain ecosystems,factors influencing the distribution of mountain butterflies,representative genetic and evolutionary models in butterfly research,and evolutionary studies of mountain biodiversity involving butterfly genetics and genomics.Finally,we demonstrate the necessity of studying mountain butterflies and propose future perspectives.This review provides insights for studying the biodiversity of mountain butterflies as well as a summary of research methods for reference.

关键词： Mountain ecosystem Butterfly Biodiversity Adaptation Genomics Genetics

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Experimentally Ruling Out Joint Reality Based on Locality with Device-Independent Steering

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第1期41卷 1-5页

作者： Shuaining zhang Xiang zhang Zhiyue Zheng wei zhang Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation(Ministry of Education) Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

As an essential concept to understand the world,whether the real values(or physical realities)of observables are suitable to physical systems beyond the classic has been debated for many decades.Although standard nogo results based on Bell inequalities have ruled out the joint reality of incompatible quantum observables,the possibility of giving simple yet strong arguments to rule out joint reality in any physical system(not necessarily quantum)with weaker assumptions and less observables has been explored and proposed recently.Here,we perform a device-independent experiment on a two-qubit superconducting system to show that the joint reality of two observables is incompatible with locality under the weaker assumption of the reality of observables in a single space-time region(or single qubit).Our results clearly show the violation of certain inequalities derived from both linear and nonlinear criteria.In addition,we study the robustness of the linear and nonlinear criterion against the effect of systematic decoherence.Our demonstration opens up the possibility of delineating classical and non-classical boundaries with simpler nontrivial quantum system.

关键词： observable quantum system

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Snap-through behaviors and nonlinear vibrations of a bistable composite laminated cantilever shell:an experimental and numerical study

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 779-794页

作者： Lele REN wei zhang Ting DONG Yufei zhang State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Mechanics Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Beijing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Vibrations and Strength of Mechanical Structures College of Mechanical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

The snap-through behaviors and nonlinear vibrations are investigated for a bistable composite laminated cantilever shell subjected to transversal foundation excitation based on experimental and theoretical approaches.An improved experimental specimen is designed in order to satisfy the cantilever support boundary condition,which is composed of an asymmetric region and a symmetric region.The symmetric region of the experimental specimen is entirely clamped,which is rigidly connected to an electromagnetic shaker,while the asymmetric region remains free of constraint.Different motion paths are realized for the bistable cantilever shell by changing the input signal levels of the electromagnetic shaker,and the displacement responses of the shell are collected by the laser displacement sensors.The numerical simulation is conducted based on the established theoretical model of the bistable composite laminated cantilever shell,and an off-axis three-dimensional dynamic snap-through domain is obtained.The numerical solutions are in good agreement with the experimental results.The nonlinear stiffness characteristics,dynamic snap-through domain,and chaos and bifurcation behaviors of the shell are quantitatively analyzed.Due to the asymmetry of the boundary condition and the shell,the upper stable-state of the shell exhibits an obvious soft spring stiffness characteristic,and the lower stable-state shows a linear stiffness characteristic of the shell.

关键词： bistable composite laminated cantilever shell snap-through behavior nonlinear vibration nonlinear stiffness characteristic chaos and bifurcation

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Improving hydrogen storage thermodynamics and kinetics of Ce-Mg-Ni-based alloy by mechanical milling with TiF_(3)

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1593-1607页

作者： Hongwei Shang wei zhang Xin wei Yaqin Li Zeming Yuan Jun Li Yanghuan zhang School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Chuzhou UniversityChuzhou 239000China Department of Functional Material Research Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteNo.76 Xueyuannan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan-Obo Multi-Metal Resources Inner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyBaotou 014010China China Rare Earth New Material(weishan)Co. Ltd.Jining 277600China

Mg-based hydrides are too stable and the kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption is not satisfactory.An efficient way to improve these shortcomings is to employ reactive ball milling to synthesize the nanocomposite materials of Mg and additives.In this experiment,TiF_(3)was selected as an additive,and the mechanical milling method was employed to prepare the experimental alloys.The alloys used in this experiment were the as-cast Ce_(5)Mg_(85)Ni_(10),as-milled Ce_(5)Mg_(85)Ni_(10)and Ce_(5)Mg_(85)Ni_(10)+3 wt.%TiF3.The phase transformation,structural evolution,isothermal and non-isothermal hydrogenation and dehydrogenation performances of the alloys were inspected by XRD,SEM,TEM,Sievert apparatus,DSC and TGA.It revealed that nanocrystalline appeared in the as-milled samples.Compared with the as-cast alloy,ball milling made the particle dimension and grain size decrease dramatically and the defect density increase significantly.The addition of TiF_(3)made the surface of ball milling alloy particles markedly coarser and more irregular.Ball milling and adding TiF_(3)distinctly improved the activation and kinetics of the alloys.Moreover,ball milling along with TiF_(3)can decrease the onset dehydrogenation temperature of Mg-based hydrides and slightly ameliorate their thermodynamics.

关键词： Mg-based hydrides TiF_(3) Ball milling Thermodynamics Kinetics

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Uncovering the functional basis of mantids that resemble plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 215-216页

作者： wei zhang David JLohman State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Biology Department City College of New YorkCity University of New YorkNew York 10031 USA PhD Program in Biology City University of New YorkNew York 10016 USA Entomology Section National Museum of Natural HistoryManila 1000Philippines

Convergent evolution frequently causes one species to look like another to increase its survival.This“adaptive resemblance”takes many forms:edible species mimic noxious ones to avoid predation;camouflaged patterns allow an organism to blend into its environment;and being mistaken for an inedible object allows a prey species to masquerade as a twig or dead leaf.Adaptive resemblance is relatively common in insects,which comprise around 60%of known species.

关键词： species functional mimic

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TREM-1 mediates interaction between substantia nigra microglia and peripheral neutrophils

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1375-1384页

作者： Tong Shen Guiyun Cui Hao Chen Long Huang wei Song Jie Zu wei zhang Chuanying Xu Liguo Dong Yongmei zhang Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology Xuzhou Medical University Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology Xuzhou Medical University NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is considered a pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1(TREM-1) can amplify the inherent immune response, and crucially, regulate inflammation. In this study, we found marked elevation of serum soluble TREM-1 in patients with Parkinson’s disease that positively correlated with Parkinson’s disease severity and dyskinesia. In a mouse model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease, we found that microglial TREM-1 expression also increased in the substantia nigra. Further, TREM-1 knockout alleviated dyskinesia in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease and reduced dopaminergic neuronal injury. Meanwhile, TREM-1 knockout attenuated the neuroinflammatory response, dopaminergic neuronal injury, and neutrophil migration. Next, we established an in vitro 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine-induced BV2 microglia model of Parkinson’s disease and treated the cells with the TREM-1 inhibitory peptide LP17. We found that LP17 treatment reduced apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons and neutrophil migration. Moreover, inhibition of neutrophil TREM-1 activation diminished dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide. TREM-1 can activate the downstream CARD9/NF-κB proinflammatory pathway via interaction with SYK. These findings suggest that TREM-1 may play a key role in mediating the damage to dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease by regulating the interaction between microglia and peripheral neutrophils.

关键词： 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridiniumion dopaminergic neurons infiltration microglia neuroinflammation neutrophils Parkinson’s disease SYK TREM-1

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A Joint Activity and Data Detection Scheme for Asynchronous Grant-Free Rateless Multiple Access

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China Communications 2024年第1期21卷 34-52页

作者： wei zhang Xiaofeng Zhong Shidong Zhou Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

This paper considers the frameasynchronous grant-free rateless multiple access(FAGF-RMA)scenario,where users can initiate access at any symbol time,using shared channel resources to transmit data to the base station.Rateless coding is introduced to enhance the reliability of the system.Previous literature has shown that FA-GFRMA can achieve lower access delay than framesynchronous grant-free rateless multiple access(FSGF-RMA),with extreme reliability enabled by rateless coding.To support FA-GF-RMA in more practical scenarios,a joint activity and data detection(JADD)scheme is proposed.Exploiting the feature of sporadic traffic,approximate message passing(AMP)is exploited for transmission signal matrix estimation.Then,to determine the packet start points,a maximum posterior probability(MAP)estimation problem is solved based on the recovered transmitted signals,leveraging the intrinsic power pattern in the codeword.An iterative power-pattern-aided AMP algorithm is devised to enhance the estimation performance of AMP.Simulation results verify that the proposed solution achieves a delay performance that is comparable to the performance limit of FA-GF-RMA.

关键词： asynchronous grant-free JADD rateless codes

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Real-time,single-particle chemical composition,volatility and mixing state measurements of urban aerosol particles in southwest China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 361-371页

作者： Luyao Chen Junke zhang Jiaqi Li Xiaojuan Huang Yuzheng Xiang Jing Chen Tingru Pan wei zhang Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Sichuan Environmental Monitoring Center Chengdu 610074China

To investigate the volatility of atmospheric particulates and the evolution of other particulate properties(chemical composition,particle size distribution and mixing state)with temperature,a thermodenuder coupled with a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer was used to conduct continuous observations of atmospheric fine particles in Chengdu,southwest China.Because of their complex sources and secondary reaction processes,the average mass spectra of single particles contained a variety of chemical components(including organic,inorganic and metal species).When the temperature rose from room temperature to280℃,the relative areas of volatile and semi-volatile components decreased,while the relative areas of less or non-volatile components increased.Most(>80%)nitrate and sulfate existed in the form of NH_(4)NO_(3)and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4),and their volatilization temperatures were50–100℃and 150–280℃,respectively.The contribution of biomass burning(BB)and vehicle emission(VE)particles increased significantly at 280℃,which emphasized the important role of regional biomass burning and local motor vehicle emissions to the core of particles.With the increase in temperature,the particle size of the particles coated with volatile or semi-volatile components was reduced,and their mixing with secondary inorganic components was significantly weakened.The formation of K-nitrate(KNO_(3))and K-sulfate(KSO_(4))particles was dominated by liquid-phase processes and photochemical reactions,respectively.Reducing KNO_(3)and BB particles is the key to improving visibility.These new results are helpful towards better understanding the initial sources,pollution formation mechanisms and climatic effects of fine particulate matter in this megacity in southwest China.

关键词： Atmospheric fine particles TD-SPAMS Chemical composition Volatility Mixing state

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Shield Excavation Analysis: Ground Settlement & Mechanical Responses in Complex Strata

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2024年第3期18卷 341-360页

作者： Baojun Qin Guangwei zhang wei zhang CCCC Rail Transit Branch Beijing101300China School of Civil Engineering Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou350118China

This study delves into the effects of shield tunneling in complex coastal strata, focusing on how this constructionmethod impacts surface settlement, the mechanical properties of adjacent rock, and the deformation of tunnelsegments. It investigates the impact of shield construction on surface settlement, mechanical characteristics ofnearby rock, and segment deformation in complex coastal strata susceptible to construction disturbances. Utilizingthe Fuzhou Binhai express line as a case study, we developed a comprehensive numerical model using theABAQUS finite element software. The model incorporates factors such as face force, grouting pressure, jack force,and cutterhead torque. Its accuracy is validated against field monitoring data from engineering projects. Simulationswere conducted to analyze ground settlement and mechanical changes in adjacent rock and segments acrossfive soil layers. The results indicate that disturbances are most significant near the excavation zone of the shieldmachine, with a prominent settlement trough forming and stabilizing around 2.0–3.0 D from the excavation. Theexcavation face compresses the soil, inducing lateral expansion. As grouting pressure decreases, the segmentexperiences upward buoyancy. In mixed strata, softer layers witness increased cutting, intensifying disturbancesbut reducing segment floatation. These findings offer valuable insights for predicting settlements, ensuring segmentand rock safety, and optimizing tunneling parameters.

关键词： Shield construction complex strata finite element method mechanical properties of surrounding rock segment deformation settlement prediction

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