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Childhood sleep:assessments,risk factors,and potential mechanisms

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 105-121页

作者： Jianghong Liu Xiaopeng Ji Elizabeth Rovit Susannah pitt Terri Lipman School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania418 Curie Blvd.Room 426Claire M.Fagin HallPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA School of Nursing College of Health SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Geisinger Commonwealth School of medicine ScrantonPA 18510USA

Background Sleep problem is a highly prevalent health issue among pediatric populations across the *** this review,we aimed to identify risk factors contributing to sleep deficiency and poor sleep hygiene in *** biological,psychosocial,and environmental mechanisms as well as research gaps in the literature are also *** sources A comprehensive search for relevant English language full-text,peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in Pubmed,SCOPUS,and Psych *** relevant data based and systematic reviews are *** This paper summarizes many risk factors for childhood sleep problems,including biological(e.g.,genetics,gender,age and puberty,prenatal factors,postnatal factors);nutritional(e.g.,macronutrients,micronutrients,omega-3 fatty acids,obesity);environmental(e.g.,heavy metals,noise,light,air pollution);interpersonal(e.g.,family,exposure to violence,screen media use,physical injury);and community/socioeconomic variables(e.g.,racial/ethnicity and cultural factors,neighborhood conditions and socioeconomic status,school factors,public health disasters/emergencies),to better understand the development of sleep problems in *** Poor childhood sleep is a multifactorial issue affected by a wide range of prenatal and early-life biological,environmental,and psychosocial risk factors and contributors.A better understanding of these risk factors and their mechanisms is an important first step to develop future research and prevention programs focusing on pediatric sleep problems.

关键词： Child sleep Pediatrics Risk factor mechanisms

Childhood sleep:physical,cognitive,and behavioral consequences and implications

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 122-132页

作者： Jianghong Liu Xiaopeng Ji Susannah pitt Guanghai Wang Elizabeth Rovit Terri Lipman Fan Jiang School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania418 Curie Blvd.Room 424Claire M.Fagin HallPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA College of Health Sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Geisinger Commonwealth School of medicine ScrantonPA 18510USA Pediatric Translational medicine Institute Department of Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Background Sleep problems in children have been increasingly recognized as a major public health *** research has extensively studied and presented many risk factors and potential mechanisms for children’s sleep *** this paper,we aimed to identify and summarize the consequences and implications of child sleep *** sources A comprehensive search for relevant English language full-text,peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in Pubmed,SCOPUS,and Psych Info published in the past two *** relevant data-based articles and systematic reviews are *** many adverse consequences are associated with child sleep deficiency and other sleep problems,including physical outcomes(e.g.,obesity),neurocognitive outcomes(e.g.,memory and attention,intelligence,academic performance),and emotional and behavioral outcomes(e.g.,internalizing/externalizing behaviors,behavioral disorders).Current prevention and intervention approaches to address childhood sleep problems include nutrition,exercise,cognitive–behavioral therapy for insomnia,aromatherapy,acupressure,and *** interventions may be particularly important in the context of coronavirus disease *** research and policy strategies can target the risk factors of child sleep as well as the efficacy and accessibility of *** Given the increasing prevalence of child sleep problems,which have been shown to affect children’s physical and neurobehavioral wellbeing,understanding the multi-aspect consequences and intervention programs for childhood sleep is important to inform future research direction as well as a public health practice for sleep screening and intervention,thus improving sleep-related child development and health.

关键词： Behavior Child sleep Consequences Implications Neurocognitive Physical Prevention/intervention

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam m.R.Groh moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.R.wayne moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

A hierarchical path-segmentation movement ecology framework

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 787-801页

作者： wayne m.Getz Department of Environmental Sciences University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94708CAUSA School of mathematical Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa

This paper lays out a hierarchical,appropriate-complexity framework for conceptualizing movement-path segments at different spatiotemporal scales in a way that facilitates comparative analyses and bridges behavior and mathematical *** then outlines a process for generating a multimode,multiscale stochastic simulation model that can be used to test animal movement hypotheses and make predictions of movement responses to management and global *** methods for analyzing movement data begin by generating step-length(SL)and turning-angle(TA)distributions from relocation time-series data,some of which are linked to ecological,landscape,and environmental *** frequency at which these data are collected may vary from sub-seconds to several *** kinds of questions that may be asked of these data,however,are very much scale *** hierarchical path-segmentation(HPS)framework presented here clarifies how the scale at which SL and TA data are collected relates to other sub-and super-diel *** arise because the information contained in SL and TA time series are often not directly relatable to the physiological,ecological,and sociological factors that drive the structure of movement paths at longer *** difficulties are overcome by anchoring the classification of movement types around the concept of fixed-period(24 h)diel activity routines and providing a bridge between behavioral/ecological and stochastic-walk concepts(means,variances,correlations,individual-state and local environmental covariates).This bridge is achieved through the generation of relatively short segments conceived as characteristic sequences of fundamental movement *** short segments are then used to characterize longer canonical-activity-mode segments that emerge through movement at behaviorally relevant sub-diel *** thus provides a novel system for integrating sub-minute movement sequences into canonical activity modes(CAms)that,i

关键词： Hierarchical path segmentation(HPS) Fundamental movement elements(FumEs) Canonical activity modes(CAms) Diel activity routines(DARs) Life-history movement phases(LimPS) multi-CAm metaFumE markov(m-cubed)models Biased correlated random walk models

以包容的空间塑造面向未来的潜力2024密斯凡德罗奖

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艺术与设计 2024年第4期 120-123页

作者：黄巍锋不详

作为欧盟重要的建筑奖项,自1988年始的密斯凡德罗奖(mies van der Rohe Awards)上个月公布了今年的获奖建筑项目。作为表彰欧洲当代优秀建筑的大奖,今年的密斯凡德罗奖建筑奖(Architecture Prize)获奖项目德国布伦瑞克工业大学研究馆(St... 详细信息

作为欧盟重要的建筑奖项,自1988年始的密斯凡德罗奖(mies van der Rohe Awards)上个月公布了今年的获奖建筑项目。作为表彰欧洲当代优秀建筑的大奖,今年的密斯凡德罗奖建筑奖(Architecture Prize)获奖项目德国布伦瑞克工业大学研究馆(Study Pavilion on the campus of the Technical University of Braunschweig,Germany)和新兴建筑奖(Emerging Architecture Prize)获奖项目巴塞罗那加夫列尔·加西亚·马尔克斯图书馆(Gabriel García márquez Library in Barcelona),分别由常驻柏林的建筑师古斯塔夫·杜辛(Gustav Düsing)、马克斯·哈克(max Hacke),以及创建于马德里的SUmA建筑事务所(SUmA Arquitectura)所建造。欧盟委员会和密斯凡德罗基金会的官员称赞获奖建筑“体现了新欧洲包豪斯的原则”,并且强调了“促进包容的重要性”。

关键词：密斯凡德罗建筑事务所获奖项目古斯塔夫空间塑造建筑奖

Particle Size and Crystal Phase Effects in Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts

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Engineering 2017年第4期3卷 467-476页

作者： Jin-xun Liu Peng Wang wayne Xu Emiel J. m. Hensen Laboratory of Inorganic materials Chemistry Schuit Institute of Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carhon Energy Beijing 102211 China

费托合成(FTS)是近年来越发重要的能源转化途径,它可将一氧化碳和氢气的合成气转化为液态燃料和化学品,合成气的原料来自煤炭、天然气或生物质。在费托合成反应中,分散的过渡金属纳米粒子作为催化剂,用于催化以碳-碳键生成为基础的反应... 详细信息

费托合成(FTS)是近年来越发重要的能源转化途径,它可将一氧化碳和氢气的合成气转化为液态燃料和化学品,合成气的原料来自煤炭、天然气或生物质。在费托合成反应中,分散的过渡金属纳米粒子作为催化剂,用于催化以碳-碳键生成为基础的反应。催化剂的催化活性和选择性与纳米粒子的电子结构和几何结构密切相关,具体取决于纳米粒子的尺寸、形态和晶相。在本文中,我们将回顾近期关于费托合成反应催化剂的体相和表面敏感性方面的工作。通过深入理解以上参数对不同催化剂行为的影响,有助于指导设计开发出更高活性、稳定性以及更优选择性的催化剂。

关键词：费托合成 Fe Co Ru碳化物尺寸效应晶相结构

Stem cell therapy for the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction in primary hypogonadism

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2016年第10期8卷 306-315页

作者： Taylor C Peak Nora m Haney William Wang Kenneth J DeLay wayne J Hellstrom Department of Urology School of MedicineTulane University

The production of testosterone occurs within the Leydig cells of the testes. When production fails at this level from either congenital, acquired, or systemic disorders,the result is primary hypogonadism. While numerous testosterone formulations have been developed, none are yet fully capable of replicating the physiological patterns of testosterone secretion. multiple stem cell therapies to restore androgenic function of the testes are under investigation. Leydig cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and the testes have shown promise for future therapy for primary hypogonadism. In particular, the discovery and utilization of a group of progenitor stem cells within the testes, known as stem Leydig cells(SLCs), has led not only to a better understanding of testicular development, but of treatment as well. When combining this with an understanding of the mechanisms that lead to Leydig cell dysfunction, researchers and physicians will be able to develop stem cell therapies that target the specific step in the steroidogenic process that is deficient. The current preclinical studies highlight the complex nature of regenerating this steroidogenic process and the problems remain unresolved. In summary, there appears to be two current directions for stem cell therapy in male primary hypogonadism. The first method involves differentiating adult Leydig cells from stem cells of various origins from bone marrow, adipose, or embryonic sources. The second method involves isolating, identifying, and transplanting stem Leydig cells into testicular tissue. Theoretically, in-vivo re-activation of SLCs in men with primary hypogonadism due to age would be another alternative method to treat hypogonadism while eliminating the need for transplantation.

关键词： Stem cell therapy Leydig cells Primary hypogonadism Stem Leydig cells Testosterone Bone marrow-derived stem cells Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

How reproductive allocation and flowering probability of individuals in plant populations are affected by position in stand size hierarchy,plant size and CO_(2) regime

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第4期1卷 207-215页

作者： Caroline Brophy David J.Gibson Peter m.wayne John Connolly School of mathematical Sciences Environmental and Ecological Modelling GroupUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Department of Plant Biology Center for EcologySouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901-6509USA Harvard medical School Osher Research Center Landmark Center Suite 22A401 Park DrBostonMA 02215USA

Aims We investigate the effect of position within a size-structured population on the reproductive allocation(RA)and flowering probability of individual plants of Sinapis *** also assess the effects of plant size and changing level of CO_(2) on both *** Sinapis arvensis L.,(field mustard),an annual agricultural weed,was grown in monoculture at six densities under ambient and elevated CO_(2) in a study with 84 *** aboveground biomass and reproductive biomass were *** density produced a wide range of mean plant sizes across stands and size hierarchies within ***(;40%)individuals had zero reproductive *** a novel modelling approach,we analysed the joint effects of position in stand size hierarchy,plant size and CO_(2) on RA and flowering probability of *** Findings We found a strong effect of position within the size hierarchy of individuals in a population:for an individual of a given size,greater size relative to neighbours substantially increased RA and flowering probability at a single harvest *** was no other effect of plant size on *** found a positive effect of elevated CO_(2) on RA regardless of position within the size *** observed patterns could impact doubly on the reproductive biomass(R)of small ***,because RA is not affected by size,smaller plants will have smaller R than larger plants;and second,for smaller plants lower down in a population size hierarchy,their RA and hence R will be further *** results suggest that size relative to neighbours may be independent of and more important than direct abiotic effects in determining *** studies are required to evaluate how these observed patterns generalize to other populations in non-experimental conditions.

关键词： asymmetric competition neighbour effects nonreproducing plants stand effects Sinapis arvensis

Estate planning principles and problems wayne m. Gazur, Robert m. Phillips. 2nd ed.

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