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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 116-123页

作者： Heinrich Hora Gotz J.Kirchhoff warren r.mckenzie Jan Kirchhoff Department of Theoretical Physics University of NSWSydney 2096Australia HB11 Energy Pty.Ltd FreshwaterSydney 2096Australia

To avoid the > 50 million degree temperatures in pressures for fusion,the goal has now been reached that higher pressures from picosecond CPA-laser pulses of more than 10 PW power can ignite nuclear fusion at modest temperatures in a power reactor for generating *** Mourou,who was honoured with the 2018 Physics Nobel Prize,was involved to solve this crucial problem of fusion energy with the reactor design as co-authors(Hora,H.,Korn,G.,Giuffrida,L.,Margarone,D.,Picciotto,A.,Krasa,J.,Jungwirth,K.,Ullschmied,J.,Lalousis,P.,Eliezer,S.,Miley,G.H.,Moustaizis,S.,and Mourou,G.,Laser and Particle Beams 33,2015:607)using the CPA Chirped Pulse Amplification.

关键词： Ignition of nuclear fusion clean nuclear power stations ultra-extreme CPA-laser pulses

Spatiotemporal dynamics in butterfly hybrid zones

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 328-353页

作者： Ananda r.Pereira Martins Natalie B.warren W.Owen McMillan rowan D.H.Barrett redpath Museum McGill University859 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebecCanada Smithsonian Tropical researchInstitute GamboaPanama CityPanama

Evaluating whether hybrid zones are stable or mobile can provide novelinsights for evolution and conservation biology. Butterflies exhibit high sensitivity to envi-ronmental changes and represent an important model system for the study of hybrid zoneorigins and maintenance. Here, we review the literature exploring butterfly hybrid zones,with a special focus on their spatiotemporal dynamics and the potential mechanisms thatcould lead to their movement or stability. We then compare different lines of evidenceused to investigate hybrid zone dynamics and discuss the strengths and weaknesses ofeach approach. Our goal with this review is to reveal general conditions associated withthe stability or mobility of butterfly hybrid zones by synthesizing evidence obtained us-ing different types of data sampled across multiple regions and spatial scales. Finally, wediscuss spatiotemporal dynamics in the context of a speciation/divergence continuum, therelevance of hybrid zones for conservation biology, and recommend key topics for futureinvestigation.

关键词： butterflies human impacts hybrid zones movement spatiotemporaldynamics stability

Intracranial pressure is elevated at 24h post-stroke inmice

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Neuroprotection 2024年第1期2卷 60-64页

作者： Kirby E.warren rebecca J.Hood Fredrick r.Walker Neil J.Spratt School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia Hunter Medical research Institute NewLambton HeightsAustralia School of Biomedicine Discipline of Anatomy and PathologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewLambton HeightsAustralia

Background:It has long been assumed that post-stroke intracranial pressure(ICP)elevation occurs because of large infarct and edema ***,we have repeatedly shown IcP elevation at 24 h post-stroke in the presence of little to no edema in *** processes are often conserved across species and types of ***,we aimed to determine if an ICP rise occurs at 24 h post-stroke in the presence of small infarct and edema volumes in ***:Mice were randomized by random number table to either photothrombotic stroke or sham surgery(n=15).Epidural ICP was recorded using a fiber optic catheter at 1 h post-stroke(baseline)and between 23 and ***:ICP was significantly higher at 24 h compared to baseline in stroke animals(n=6;10.71±6.45mmHg vs.3.74±2.20mmHg,respec-tively;p=0.03).ICP at 24 h was also significantly higher in stroke mice compared to sham(n=6;3.45±1.43mmHg;p=0.02).There was no change in ICP in sham mice(p=0.9).Edema volumes in stroke animals were small(0.04±0.04 mm3)and unlikely to have caused significant ICP ***:This study provides evidence of an edema-independent ICP elevation following small ischemic stroke in *** occurrence of this rise supports our findings in other species and suggests it is caused by a previously undescribed mechanism.

关键词： cerebraledema intracranial pressure ischemic stroke

Sustainability: A view from the wind-eroded field

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第4期19卷 470-474页

作者： Andrew warren Department of Geography University College London LondonWCIH OAPUK.

This article explores the assessment of sustainability in fields subject to wind erosion. In the first part, simple sustainability audits are examined, as of soil depth and nutrients. Direct measurement of these characteristics has many problems, largely because of huge variability in space and time at all scales. Modelling still has its problems, but it may be possible to overcome many of them soon. It is true that wind erosion preferentially removes soil nutrients, but there are imponderables even here. The nutrient balance in many of these soils includes considerable input from dust. In West Africa, it has been shown that the amounts of calcium and potassium that are added in dust are sufficient to fertilize dispersed crops. In mildly acidic sandy soils, such as those found on the widespread palaeo- aeolian deposits, much of the phosphorus is fixed and unavailable to plants by the time it is removed by wind erosion, so that erosion has no added downside. Most of the nutrients carried by dust have been shown to travel close to the ground （even when they are attached to dust-sized particles）, and so are trapped in nearby fallow strips, and are thus not lost to the farming system. Second, the sustalnabillty of a whole semi-arid farming system is explored. Wind erosion in semi-arid areas （like China, the Sahel and Norflawestern Europe） generally takes place on aeolian deposits of the recent geological past. Most of these soils are deep enough to withstand centuries of wind erosion before they are totally lost to production, and some of these soils have greater fertility at greater depth （so that wind erosion may even improve the soil）. Finally some remarks are made about environmental change in relation to sustainability.

关键词： sustartinability wind erosion nutrient budget environmental change

Validation of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) reference Genes for Quantitative real-time rT-PCr Normalization

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2007年第5期39卷 384-390页

作者： Andrew DODD Daniel LA warren C. MCNABB Donald r. LOVE School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand Food and Health Group AgResearch Grasslands Private Bag 11008 Tennant Drive Palmerston North New Zealand

The normalization of quantitative real time rT-PCr (qrT-PCr) is important to obtain accurate gene expression data. The most common method for qrT-PCr normalization is to use reference, or house- keeping genes. However, there is emerging evidence that even reference genes can be regulated under different conditions, qrT-PCr has only recently been used in terms of zebrafish gene expression studies and there is no validated set of reference genes. This study characterizes the expression of nine possible reference genes during zebrafish embryonic development and in a zebrafish tissue panel. All nine reference genes exhibited variable expression. The β-actin, EF1α and rp113α genes comprise a validated reference gene panel for zebrafish developmental time course studies, and the EF1α, rp113α and 18S rrNA genes are more suitable as a reference gene panel for zebrafish tissue analysis. Importantly, the zebrafish GAPDH gene appears unsuitable as reference gene for both types of studies.

关键词： zebrafish quantitative real-time rT-PCr housekeeping genes GAPDH gene GeNorm

Concurrent Learning-based Approximate Feedback-Nash Equilibrium Solution of N-player Nonzero-sum Differential Games

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2014年第3期1卷 239-247页

作者： rushikesh Kamalapurkar Justin r.Klotz warren E.Dixon the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida

This paper presents a concurrent learning-based actor-critic-identifier architecture to obtain an approximate feedback-Nash equilibrium solution to an infinite horizon Nplayer nonzero-sum differential *** solution is obtained online for a nonlinear control-affine system with uncertain linearly parameterized drift *** is shown that under a condition milder than persistence of excitation(PE),uniformly ultimately bounded convergence of the developed control policies to the feedback-Nash equilibrium policies can be *** results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the developed technique without an added excitation signal.

关键词： Convergence Function approximation Games Learning (artificial intelligence) Stability analysis Trajectory Nonlinear system data driven control dynamic programming optimal adaptive control Converge excitation signal Approximate function approximation Stability analysis differential games Nonlinear systems trajectory Game theory Nash equilibrium dynamic programming adaptive control

Transitions of care across hospital settings in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第17期25卷 2122-2132页

作者： Leigh r warren Jonathan M Clarke Sonal Arora Mauricio Barahona Naila Arebi Ara Darzi Patient Safety Translational research Centre Imperial College London Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London Centre for Health Policy Imperial College London Centre for Mathematics of Precision HealthcareImperial College London Department of Biostatistics Harvard University Department of Mathematics Imperial College London Department of Gastroenterology St.Marks Academic Institute

BACKGrOUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory disorder characterised by both intestinal and extra-intestinal pathology. Patients may receive both emergency and elective care from several providers, often in different hospital settings. Poorly managed transitions of care between providers can lead to inefficiencies in care and patient safety issues. To ensure that the sharing of patient information between providers is appropriate, timely, accurate and secure, effective data-sharing infrastructure needs to be developed. To optimise inter-hospital data-sharing for IBD patients, we need to better understand patterns of hospital encounters in this *** To determine the type and location of hospital services accessed by IBD patients in *** was a retrospective observational study using Hospital Episode Statistics, a large administrative patient data set from the National Health Service in *** patients with a diagnosis of IBD following admission to hospital were followed over a 2-year period to determine the proportion of care accessed at the same hospital providing their outpatient IBD care, defined as their ‘home provider'. Secondary outcome measures included the geographic distribution of patient-sharing, regional and age-related differences in accessing services, and type and frequency of outpatient ***95055 patients accessed hospital services on 1760156 occasions over a 2-year follow-up period. The proportion of these encounters with their identified IBD‘home provider' was 73.3%, 87.8% and 83.1% for accident and emergency,inpatient and outpatient encounters respectively. Patients living in metropolitan centres and younger patients were less likely to attend their ‘home provider' for hospital services. The most commonly attended specialty services were gastroenterology, general surgery and *** Transitions of care between secondary care settings are common for patients with IBD. E

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Transitions of care Continuity of care Fragmentation Multi-morbidity

A Bioassay for the Cytotoxicity of Gemcitabine Using the Marine Ciliate Euplotes vannus

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第3期18卷 675-679页

作者： WANG Qi XU Henglong warren Alan Department of Urology Surgery Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group Qingdao 266000 China College of Marine Life Science Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD UK

This study investigated the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine using the marine ciliate Euplotes vannus as the test *** median lethal concentrations(LC50 values)were determined using acute toxicity tests within an exposure time of 30 min with 0,6,12,24,and 48 mg mL^-1 *** median inhibition effect(IC50 value)on the growth of the ciliate cells was examined using chronic toxicity tests within 5 days(120 h)after exposure for 30 min with 0,0.7,3.5,7,and 14 mg mL^-1 *** 30-min LC50value was 10.66-mg mL *** LC50 values decreased with increasing exposure times and well fitted to the toxicity curve equation LC50=10.93+28.4e^-0.19t(r2=0.93;Pre time).The IC50 value for growth rates was 7.05 mg mL^-1,and the inhibition effect on growth rates well fitted to the model equation r%=0.8681e^-0.0782Cgem(r%means growth rate with inhibition by gemcitabine,Cgem means concentrations of gemcitabine,r^2=0.99 and Prange of gemcitabine concentrations could therefore be predicted for any given exposure *** results suggest that the clinical dose of gemcitabine(20 mg mL^-1)was higher than the 30-min LC50 value,which was almost the same as the 6-min LC50 value(19.88 mg mL^-1)for *** *** results also demonstrate that *** can be used as a robust test organism for bioassays of chemotherapeutic drugs during short exposure periods.

关键词： bioassay cytotoxicity Euplotes vannus gemcitabine toxicology

retrograde nerve growth factor signaling abnormalities and the pathogenesis of familial dysautonomia

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Neural regeneration research 2021年第9期16卷 1795-1796页

作者： Soumitra Ghosh Lin Li warren G.Tourtellotte Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Neurology Department of NeurosurgeryDepartment of Biomedical SciencesCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA

Familial dysautonomia(FD,OMIM 223900;also known as HSAN III or riley-Day syndrome) is the most prevalent form of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy(HSAN;Axelrod et al., 1974). Patients suffering from autonomic and sensory nervous system impairment have no available effective treatment and the average age of death is approximately 24 years.

关键词： al. pathogenesis impairment

Adult bobcat(Lynx rufus)habitat selection in a longleaf pine savanna

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 206-217页

作者： Andrew r.Little L.Mike Conner Michael J.Chamberlain Nathan P.Nibbelink robert J.warren Warnell School of Forestry and Natural resources University of Georgia180 E.Green StAthensGA 30602USA Joseph W.Jones Ecological research Center at Ichauway NewtonGeorgia 39870USA

Background:Pine savannas are primarily managed with frequent prescribed fire(≤3 years)to promote diversity of flora and fauna,and to maintain open,park-like conditions needed by species such as the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker(Picoides borealis).However,a knowledge gap exists in our understanding of bobcat(Lynx rufus)habitat selection in longleaf pine savannas and research is warranted to direct our future management ***:We examined bobcat habitat selection in a pine savanna managed with frequent fires at two spatial scales(i.e.,study area boundary[hereafter,landscape scale])and annual area of use[95%kernel density;local scale],and assessed effects of prescribed fire on bobcat habitat ***,we monitored 45 bobcats(16 males and 29 females)during 2001–***:We found differential habitat selection by *** the landscape scale,female bobcats were closer to mixed pine-hardwoods,young pine,and secondary roads,but farther from mature pine and hardwoods stands relative to *** found no difference in selection of agriculture,shrub-scrub,and primary roads between *** the annual area of use scale,female bobcats were closer to secondary roads,but farther from agriculture and shrub-scrub relative to *** found no difference in selection of mature pine,mixed pine-hardwoods,hardwoods,young pine,and primary roads between *** primarily selected for stands burned≤1.1 years ***:Our results show that bobcats exploit a broad range of habitat types in pine landscapes managed with frequent fire and commonly use recently burned stands(≤1.1 year post-fire),suggesting prey in many areas of this system are at risk of bobcat ***,we suggest land managers consider scale of selection by bobcats when developing habitat management strategies.

关键词： Georgia Habitat selection Lynx rufus Pinus palustris Prescribed fire