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FlowGANAnomaly: Flow-Based Anomaly Network Intrusion Detection with Adversarial Learning

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 58-71页

作者： Zeyi LI Pan wang zixuan wang School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Modern Posts Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Internet of Things Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

In recent years, low recall rates and high dependencies on data labelling have become the biggest obstacle to developing deep anomaly detection(DAD) techniques. Inspired by the success of generative adversarial networks(GANs) in detecting anomalies in computer vision and imaging, we propose an anomaly detection model called Flow GANAnomaly for detecting anomalous traffic in network intrusion detection systems(NIDS). Unlike traditional GAN-based approaches, which are composed of a flow encoder, a convolutional encoder-decoder-encoder, a flow decoder and a convolutional encoder, the architecture of this model consists of a generator(G) and a discriminator(D).Flow GANAnomaly maps the different types of traffic feature data from separate datasets to a uniform feature space,thus can capture the normality of network traffic data more accurately in an adversarial manner to mitigate the problem of the high dependence on data labeling. Moreover, instead of simply detecting the anomalies by the output of D, we proposed a new anomaly scoring method that integrates the deviation between the output of two Gs’ convolutional encoders with the output of D as weighted scores to improve the low recall rate of anomaly detection. We conducted several experiments comparing existing machine learning algorithms and existing deep learning methods(Auto Encoder and VAE) on four public datasets(NSL-KDD, CIC-IDS2017, CIC-DDo S2019, and UNSW-NB15). The evaluation results show that Flow GANAnomaly can significantly improve the performance of anomaly-based NIDS.

关键词： Deep learning Machine learning algorithms Computational modeling Network intrusion detection Imaging Telecommunication traffic Generative adversarial networks

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Filamentation and inhibition of prokaryotic CTP synthase with ligands

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mLife 2024年第2期3卷 240-250页

作者： Chenjun Guo zixuan wang Ji‐Long Liu School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Physiology Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center ShanghaiChina

Cytidine triphosphate synthase(CTPS)plays a pivotal role in the de novo synthesis of cytidine triphosphate(CTP),a fundamental building block for RNA and DNA that is essential for *** is capable of directly binding to all four nucleotide triphosphates:adenine triphosphate,uridine triphosphate,CTP,and guanidine ***,CTPS can form cytoophidia in vivo and metabolic filaments in vitro,undergoing regulation at multiple *** is considered a potential therapeutic target for combating invasions or infections by viral or prokaryotic *** cryo-electron microscopy,we determined the structure of Escherichia coli CTPS(ecCTPS)filament in complex with CTP,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH),and the covalent inhibitor 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine(DON),achieving a resolution of *** constructed a phylogenetic tree based on differences in filament-forming interfaces and designed a variant to validate our hypothesis,providing an evolutionary perspective on CTPS filament *** computational analysis revealed a solvent-accessible ammonia tunnel upon DON *** comparative structural analysis,we discern a distinct mode of CTP binding of ecCTPS that differs from eukaryotic *** biochemical assays and structural analysis,we determined and validated the synergistic inhibitory effects of CTP with NADH or adenine on *** results expand our comprehension of the diverse regulatory aspects of CTPS and lay a foundation for the design of specific inhibitors targeting prokaryotic CTPS.

关键词： CTP synthase Cryo-electron microscopy cytoophidium metabolic filament species specific inhibition

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Trusted Encrypted Traffic Intrusion Detection Method Based on Federated Learning and Autoencoder

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China Communications 2024年第8期21卷 211-235页

作者： wang zixuan Miao Cheng Xu Yuhua Li Zeyi Sun Zhixin wang Pan School of Modern Posts Nanjing University of Posts&TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts&TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China

With the rapid development of the Internet,network security and data privacy are increasingly *** classical Network Intrusion Detection System(NIDS)based on Deep Learning(DL)models can provide good detection accuracy,but collecting samples for centralized training brings the huge risk of data privacy ***,the training of supervised deep learning models requires a large number of labeled samples,which is usually ***“black-box”problem also makes the DL models of NIDS *** this paper,we propose a trusted Federated Learning(FL)Traffic IDS method called FL-TIDS to address the above-mentioned *** FL-TIDS,we design an unsupervised intrusion detection model based on autoencoders that alleviates the reliance on marked *** the same time,we use FL for model training to protect data *** addition,we design an improved SHAP interpretable method based on chi-square test to perform interpretable analysis of the trained *** conducted several experiments to evaluate the proposed *** first determine experimentally the structure and the number of neurons of the unsupervised AE ***,we evaluated the proposed method using the UNSW-NB15 and CICIDS2017 *** exper-imental results show that the unsupervised AE model has better performance than the other 7 intrusion detection models in terms of precision,recall and ***,federated learning is used to train the intrusion detection *** experimental results indicate that the model is more accurate than the local learning ***,we use an improved SHAP explainability method based on Chi-square test to analyze the *** analysis results show that the identification characteristics of the model are consistent with the attack characteristics,and the model is reliable.

关键词： autoencoder federated learning intrusion detection model interpretation unsupervised learning

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Finer-scale urban health risk assessment based on the interaction perspective of thermal radiation,human,activity,and space

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第3期13卷 682-697页

作者： Ruonan Guo Fei Guo Jing Dong zixuan wang Ruwei Zheng Hongchi Zhang School of Architecture and Fine Art Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Weifang Natural Resources and Planning Bureau High Tech Branch Weifang 261041China

Urban heat stress profoundly affects the health of ***,current research primarily focuses on quantifying the risk of urban heat based on LST,Ta,etc.,overlooking the crucial and intimate influence of continuous intense solar radiation on human thermal comfort and ***,there is a lack of smaller units to support more precise *** study utilized the radiant heat stress intensity(RHSI)metric concentrating on the intensity and duration of thermal radiation,to develop a thermal-radiation induced health risk(TIHR)assessment *** technologies such as the SOLWEIG model,Python,BERT,and GIS enables precise calculations of 12 spatial indices,including RHSI and Weibo *** facilitates a more accurate assessment of health risks at the smallest urban units(blocks)and directly guides *** application of this workflow in the case of Suoyuwan,Dalian,China,confirms its value,as it can be used to determine which blocks should be prioritized for specific aspects of risk prevention and *** results show that some blocks exhibited differences in TIHR even within close proximity,with disaster-causing factors varying according to *** study proposes a novel assessment framework based on the interactive perspective of thermal radiation-human-activity-space.

关键词： Health risk assessment Thermal radiation Finer-scale Block Planning Human-centered

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Fine-tuning the activation behaviors of ternary modular cabazitaxel prodrugs for efficient and on-target oral anti-cancer therapy

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2024年第2期19卷 188-203页

作者： Mingyang Zhang Yifan Miao Can Zhao Tong Liu Xiyan wang zixuan wang Wenxin Zhong Zhonggui He Chutong Tian Jin Sun Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310058China Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems Ministry of EducationShenyang 110016China Liaoning Provincial Institute of Drug Inspection and Testing Shenyang 110036China

The disulfide bond plays a crucial role in the design of anti-tumor prodrugs due to its exceptional tumor-specific redox responsiveness. However, premature breaking of disulfide bonds is triggered by small amounts of reducing substances (e.g., ascorbic acid, glutathione, uric acid and tea polyphenols) in the systemic circulation. This may lead to toxicity, particularly in oral prodrugs that require more frequent and high-dose treatments. Fine-tuning the activation kinetics of these prodrugs is a promising prospect for more efficient on-target cancer therapies. In this study, disulfide, steric disulfide, and ester bonds were used to bridge cabazitaxel (CTX) to an intestinal lymph vessel-directed triglyceride (TG) module. Then, synthetic prodrugs were efficiently incorporated into self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (corn oil and Maisine CC were used as the oil phase and Cremophor EL as the surfactant). All three prodrugs had excellent gastric stability and intestinal permeability. The oral bioavailability of the disulfide bond-based prodrugs (CTX-(C)S-(C)S-TG and CTX-S-S-TG) was 11.5- and 19.1-fold higher than that of the CTX solution, respectively, demonstrating good oral delivery efficiency. However, the excessive reduction sensitivity of the disulfide bond resulted in lower plasma stability and safety of CTX-S-S-TG than that of CTX-(C)S-(C)S-TG. Moreover, introducing steric hindrance into disulfide bonds could also modulate drug release and cytotoxicity, significantly improving the anti-tumor activity even compared to that of intravenous CTX solution at half dosage while minimizing off-target adverse effects. Our findings provide insights into the design and fine-tuning of different disulfide bond-based linkers, which may help identify oral prodrugs with more potent therapeutic efficacy and safety for cancer therapy.

关键词： Steric disulfide bond Triglyceride-like pr odrugs Cabazitaxel Lymphatic transport Oral chemotherapy

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Inversion of maize leaf nitrogen using UAV hyperspectral imagery in breeding fields

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 144-155页

作者： Qiwen Cheng Bingsun Wu Huichun Ye Yongyi Liang Yingpu Che Anting Guo zixuan wang Zhiqiang Tao Wenwei Li Jingjing wang School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China Key Laboratory of Earth Observation of Hainan Province Hainan Aerospace Information Research InstituteSanya 572029HainanChina Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Nitrogen(N)as a pivotal factor in influencing the growth,development,and yield of *** the N status of maize rapidly and non-destructive and real-time is meaningful in fertilization management of agriculture,based on unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing *** this study,the hyperspectral images were acquired by UAV and the leaf nitrogen content(LNC)and leaf nitrogen accumulation(LNA)were measured to estimate the N nutrition status of maize.24 vegetation indices(VIs)were constructed using hyperspectral images,and four prediction models were used to estimate the LNC and LNA of *** models include a single linear regression model,multivariable linear regression(MLR)model,random forest regression(RFR)model,and support vector regression(SVR)***,the model with the highest prediction accuracy was applied to invert the LNC and LNA of maize in breeding *** results of the single linear regression model with 24 VIs showed that normalized difference chlorophyll(NDchl)had the highest prediction accuracy for LNC(R^(2),RMSE,and RE were 0.72,0.21,and 12.19%,respectively)and LNA(R^(2),RMSE,and RE were 0.77,0.26,and 14.34%,respectively).And then,24 VIs were divided into 13 important VIs and 11 unimportant *** prediction models for LNC and LNA were constructed using 13 important VIs,and the results showed that RFR and SVR models significantly enhanced the prediction accuracy of LNC and LNA compared to the multivariable linear regression model,in which RFR model had the highest prediction accuracy for the validation dataset of LNC(R^(2),RMSE,and RE were 0.78,0.16,and 8.83%,respectively)and LNA(R^(2),RMSE,and RE were 0.85,0.19,and 9.88%,respectively).This study provides a theoretical basis for N diagnosis and precise management of crop production based on hyperspectral remote sensing in precision agriculture.

关键词： maize nitrogen hyperspectral imagery vegetation index UAV random forest regression support vector regression

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Evolutionary history shapes variation of wood density of tree species across the world

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 283-293页

作者： Fangbing Li Hong Qian Jordi Sardans Dzhamal Y.Amishev zixuan wang Changyue Zhang Tonggui Wu Xiaoniu Xu Xiao Tao Xingzhao Huang Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA CREAF Cerdanyola del VallesBarcelona 08193Spain Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CSICBellaterraBarcelona 08193Spain Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink China Meteorological Administration(ECSS-CMA)School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science&Technology219 Ningliu RoadNanjing 210044China Department of Natural Resources Management Lakehead UniversityThunder BayOntario P7B 5E1Canada School of Forestry&Landscape of Architecture Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryHangzhou 311400China

The effect of evolutionary history on wood density variation may play an important role in shaping variation in wood density,but this has largely not been *** a comprehensive global dataset including 27,297 measurements of wood density from 2621 tree species worldwide,we test the hypothesis that the legacy of evolutionary history plays an important role in driving the variation of wood density among tree *** assessed phylogenetic signal in different taxonomic(e.g.,angiosperms and gymnosperms)and ecological(e.g.,tropical,temperate,and boreal)groups of tree species,explored the biogeographical and phylogenetic patterns of wood density,and quantified the relative importance of current environmental factors(e.g.,climatic and soil variables)and evolutionary history(i.e.,phylogenetic relatedness among species and lineages)in driving global wood density *** found that wood density displayed a significant phylogenetic *** density differed among different biomes and climatic zones,with higher mean values of wood density in relatively drier regions(highest in subtropical desert).Our study revealed that at a global scale,for angiosperms and gymnosperms combined,phylogeny and species(representing the variance explained by taxonomy and not direct explained by long-term evolution process)explained 84.3%and 7.7%of total wood density variation,respectively,whereas current environment explained 2.7%of total wood density variation when phylogeny and species were taken into *** angiosperms and gymnosperms were considered separately,the three proportions of explained variation are,respectively,84.2%,7.5%and 6.7%for angiosperms,and 45.7%,21.3%and 18.6%for *** study shows that evolutionary history outpaced current environmental factors in shaping global variation in wood density.

关键词： Wood density Phylogeny Angiosperms Gymnosperms Climate factors Biophysical parameters

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Characteristics of rural domestic sewage discharge and their driving mechanisms: evidence from the Northern Region, China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 47-58页

作者： Jianguo Liu Ziyu Zhou Pengyu Li zixuan wang Ying Yan Xuezheng Yu Wenkai Li Tianlong Zheng Yingnan Cao Wenjun Wu Wenqian Cai Zhining Shi Junxin Liu Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region College of Resources and Environmental EngineeringInner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot 010051China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China SCEGC No.12 Construction Engineering Group Co. Ltd.Ankang 725000China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100041China Technical Centre for Soil Agriculture and Rural Ecology and EnvironmentMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing 100012China Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management(SIRM) UniSA STEMUniversity of South AustraliaSouth AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The traits of rural domestic sewage emission are unclear,negatively affecting rural domestic sewage treatment and sewage *** study used data from the Second National Pollution Source Census Bulletin to establish a data *** spatial distribution characteristics and main factors influencing rural sewage discharge in the Northern Region were studied using spatial autocorrelation analysis and structural *** findings demonstrated that(l)a significant Spearman correlation between drainage water volume(DwV),chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(TP)and that the correlation coefficients between DWV and COD,NH,-N,TNand TP were 0.87**,1.0**,0.99**,0.99**,respectively;(2)rural sewage discharge showed spatial autocorrelation,and rural domestic sewage discharge in the districts and counties with an administration was significantly higher than in the surrounding areas;and(3)social development was the main driver rural domestic sewage changes(path coefficient was 0.407**),and the main factors influencing rural domestic sewage discharge were the urbanization rate,years of education,and population age *** study obtained the spatial variation law and clarified the main influencing factors of rural domestic sewage to provide data support and a theoretical basis for subsequent rural sewage collection and *** of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in northern China as a typical case,provides a theoretical foundation for scientific decision-making on rural domestic sewage treatment at the national and regional levels and offers new perspectives for managing pollutants.

关键词： Rural domestic sewage Emission characteristics Spatial autocorrelation analysis Influencing factors

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The chromosome-scale assembly of the Notopterygium incisum genome provides insight into the structural diversity of coumarins

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第8期14卷 3760-3773页

作者： Qien Li Yiqun Dai Xin-Cheng Huang Lanlan Sun Kaixuan wang Xiao Guo Dingqiao Xu Digao Wan Latai An zixuan wang Huanying Tang Qi Qi Huihui Zeng Minjian Qin Jia-Yu Xue Yucheng Zhao Tibetan Medicine Research Center of Qinghai University Tibetan Medical CollegeQinghai UniversityXining 810016China School of Pharmacy Bengbu Medical UniversityBengbu 233030China Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China College of Horticulture Bioinformatics CenterAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXi’an 712046China

Coumarins,derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway,represent one of the primary metabolites found in *** alignment of the tetrahydropyran(THP)and tetrahydrofuran(THF)rings with the lactone structure results in the formation of at least four types of complex ***,the mechanisms underlying the structural diversity of coumarin remain poorly ***,we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of Notopterygium incisum,spanning 1.64 Gb,with a contig N50 value of 22.7 Mb and 60,021 annotated protein-coding ***,we identified the key enzymes responsible for shaping the structural diversity of coumarins,including two p-coumaroyl CoA 2′-hydroxylases crucial for simple coumarins basic skeleton architecture,two UbiA prenyltransferases responsible for angular or linear coumarins biosynthesis,and five CYP736 cyclases involved in THP and THF ring ***,two bifunctional enzymes capable of catalyzing both demethylsuberosin and osthenol were identified for the first *** analysis implies that tandem and ectopic duplications of the CYP736 subfamily,specifically arising in the Apiaceae,contributed to the structural diversity of coumarins in ***,this study proposes a parallel evolution scenario for the complex coumarin biosynthetic pathway among different angiosperms and provides essential synthetic biology elements for the heterologous industrial production of coumarins.

关键词： Notopterygium incisum Parallel evolution Biosynthesis Pyranocoumarins Furanocoumarins

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鲁迅关于文学社会作用有限性观念的知识学浅析

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鲁迅研究月刊 2024年第4期 93-97页

作者：王子瑄华中师范大学社会学院 430079

鲁迅对于文学社会作用有限性持有明确的观点,他认为文学主要在精神层面发挥作用,它不具备直接的物质性功能,更不能单独引发社会革命。这些观点部分是鲁迅对历史观念的肯定,部分则体现了他在文学理论上的创新性见解。鲁迅的这些思想不仅... 详细信息

鲁迅对于文学社会作用有限性持有明确的观点,他认为文学主要在精神层面发挥作用,它不具备直接的物质性功能,更不能单独引发社会革命。这些观点部分是鲁迅对历史观念的肯定,部分则体现了他在文学理论上的创新性见解。鲁迅的这些思想不仅是基于个人信念,而且具备理论的深度和说服力。从知识学的角度来看,这些观念不只是抽象的理念,它们拥有能够被实证事实和逻辑推理所支持的真实性和确定性。换言之,鲁迅的这些文学社会作用的观念,既是对现实社会的深刻洞察,也是对文学价值和功能边界的科学界定。

关键词：鲁迅文学的社会作用观念知识

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