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Time course degeneration and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in mer-knockout mice

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第7期123卷 949-953页

作者： LIANG Xiao-ying wang huai-zhou wang Ning-li Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing 100730 China Department of Ophthalmology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100029 China Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing 100730 China Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing 100730 China

Background Muller cells in the mammalian retina normally express low levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）; however, its expression is upregulated in response to the loss of retinal neurons. The change in expression of GFAP is one of the earliest indicators of retinal damage and is correlated with the time course of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the time course of degeneration and the expression of GFAP in the retina of mer knockout mice. Methods A total of 30 mer knockout mice, aged from 15-20 days to 1 year and 32 age-matched wild type mice as controls were tested. Immunohistochemistry was used to show the expression of GFAP in the central and peripheral retina of mer knockout and control mice at postnatal age of 15 days （P15d）, 20 days （P20d）, 4 weeks （P4w）, 6 weeks （P6w）, 8 weeks （P8w）, 3 months （P3m）, 6 months （P6m） and 1 years （P1y）.Results The expression of GFAP in the central and peripheral retina of wild type mice was limited to the retinal ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. In the central retina of mer knockout mice, GFAP expression was upregulated at P4w and GFAP immunolabelling penetrates across the entire thickness of the retina at P8w; whereas in the peripheral retina, the GFAP expression was upregulated at P20d and GFAP immunolabelling penetrates the entire retina after P4w. Conclusions Increased expression of GFAP in Muller cells of mer knockout mice occur at P20d in the peripheral retina and P4w in the central retina. GFAP expression in Muller cells appears to be a secondary response to the loss of retinal neurons. Increased expression of GFAP may occur prior to any detectable morphological changes in the retina. This study suggests that the loss of retinal neurons may begin in the early stages of retinitis pigmentosa, prior to the discovery of any morphological changes in the retina.

关键词： glial fibrillary acidic protein retinal degeneration mer retinitis pigmentosa

Efficacy of laser peripheral iridoplasty and iridotomy on medically refractory patients with acute primary angle closure： a three year outcome

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第1期126卷 41-45页

作者： FU Jing QING Guo-ping wang Ning-li wang huai-zhou Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital CapitalMedical University Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual SciencesKey Laboratory Beijing 100730 China

Background Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty （ALPI） is proved to be effective in lowering intraocular pressure （lOP） of patients with mild acute primary angle closure （APAC）. It is unclear whether this laser treatment is equally efficient in managing patients with severe APAC. This study aimed peripheral iridotomy （LPI） on patients with refractory APAC, therapy. to evaluate the IOP-lowering efficacy of ALPI and laser who have previously responded poorly to intensive medical Methods Thirty-six patients （8 men and 28 women） were identified as medically refractory APAC, who still had ocular pain, red eye, hazy cornea, closed anterior chamber （AC） angle, and lOP of not less than 21 mmHg after two days or more of anti-glaucoma medication. All enrolled patients underwent ophthalmologic examinations including measurement of visual acuity （VA）, best corrected VA （BCVA）, lOP, biomicroscopy, and gonioscopy followed by ALPI immediately in the APAC eye and LPI in both eyes. Results All patients were affected unilaterally, with average age of （54.6±11.7）（range, 37.0-75.0） years old. The mean lOP value of the affected eyes dropped from （31.6±7.7）（range, 21.0-39.0） mmHg at enrollment to （18.4±8.7）（range, 10.0-27.0） mmHg 2 hours after ALPI. At follow-up day 7, the mean lOP value maintained at （14.8±4.2）（range, 9.0-21.0） mmHg, which was significantly different （P=0.000） compared with baseline. The average decrease of lOP in the APAC eyes was （16.8±7.4）（range, 12.0-21.0） mmHg. At follow-up three years later, the mean lOP of the APAC eyes stabilized at （16.3±3.2）（range, 9.0-20.0） mmHg with at least 180° of AC angle opened. Conclusion ALPI and LPI lower the lOP of medically refractory cases of APAC though they have responded poorly to anti-glaucoma medication.

关键词： glaucoma acute primary angle closure argon laser peripheral iridoplasty laser peripheral iridotomy management

Nonvisual ganglion cells, circuits and nonvisual pigments

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第18期122卷 2199-2200页

作者： Ali Akbar Kashani wang huai-zhou wang Ning-li 436 North Roxbury Drive Suite 114 Beverly HillsCa 90210USA） Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China）

To the editor： wang and his colleagues provided the evidence that ＂both melanopsin-containing and super/or collicular retinal ganglion cells were damaged by chronic ocular hypertension, indicating that glaucomatous neural degeneration involves the non-image-forming visual pathway＂） These cells as the authors have beautifully described dealing with a variety of functions including biological clock; pupillary light reaction and they are affected by glaucoma. The report is scientific and quite interesting. I would like to congratulate the authors for their superb studies.

关键词： retinal ganglion cells ocular hypertension provided visual neural

Axonal loss and blood flow disturbances in the natural course of indirect traumatic optic neuropathy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第7期126卷 1292-1297页

作者： SHI Wei wang huai-zhou SONG Wei-xian YANG Wen-li LI Wei-ye wang Ning-li Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory Beijing 100730 China Department of Ophthalmology Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

Background Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy （TON） is an acute injury of the optic nerve associated with severe visual dysfunction, which may be a result of secondary mechanical injury and vascular disorder of the optic nerve due to trauma. We analyzed the natural course of axonal loss and blood flow disturbances in patients with indirect TON to find a possible therapeutic window. Methods A cohort of 54 patients with indirect TON recruited between October 2008 and October 2010 at Beijing Tongren Hospital was retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into no light perception group （NLP） and better than NLP （btNLP） group. Specifically, the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer （RNFL） measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography （SD-OCT）, and hemodynamic parameters of the ophthalmic artery （OA）, central retinal artery （CRA） and posterior ciliary artery （PCA） were determined. Results Two weeks after injury, there was a statistically significant decrease in the thickness of RNFL in the btNLP group as compared with the fellow control eyes （P 〈0.05）. In contrast, in the NLP group, RNFL thickness slightly increased for 2 weeks following injury, then overtly reduced after 4 weeks （P 〈0.05）. Peak systolic velocity （PSV） of CRA was significantly decreased 4 weeks after injury （P 〈0.05） in both the NLP group and btNLP group （P 〈0.05）. The thickness of RNFL in the NLP group was negatively correlated with PSV of CRA after 1 week of injury （P 〈0.05, r=-0.962）. Conclusions SD-OCT is a useful supplement in detecting the axonal loss in TON. The dynamic change of the thickness of RNFL appears to correlate with the hemodynamic disturbances in the natural course of TON. The first 2 weeks following an injury is critical and should be considered as the therapeutic window for TON patients.

关键词： indirect traumatic optic neuropathy retinal nerve fiber layer hemodynamic parameters

Loss of melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells in a rat glaucoma model

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Chinese Medical Journal 2008年第11期121卷 1015-1019页

作者： wang huai-zhou LU Qing-jun wang Ning-li LIU Hong ZHANG Ling ZHAN Gui-lin Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100730 China Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA

Background Glaucoma can cause progressive damage to retinal ganglion cells. These cells can be classified as cells projecting to the superior colliculus and melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells, which project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This study was to investigate the effects of chronic intraocular pressure elevation on melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells in rats. Methods Chronic intraocular pressure elevation was induced in one eye of adult Wistar rats by cauterization of three episcleral veins. Intraocular pressure was measured at different intervals with a rebound tonometer. Superior collicular retinal ganglion cells were retrogradely labeled from the superior colliculus with Fluorogold. Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells were visualized by free-floating immunohistochemistry on whole-mount retinas. The number of labeled superior collicular and melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells were counted in the sample areas on flat-mounted retinas. Results Compared with contralateral control eyes, the numbers of both superior collicular and melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells were significantly reduced after 12 weeks of experimental intraocular pressure elevation （（2317.41±29.96）/mm^2 vs （1815.82±24.25）/mm^2; （26.20±2.10）/mm^2 vs （20.62±1.52）/mm^2, respectively）. The extent of cell loss of the two types of retinal ganglion cells was similar. However, no morphologic changes were found in melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells. Conclusion Both melanopsin-containing and superior collicular retinal ganglion cells were damaged by chronic ocular hypertension, indicating that glaucomatous neural degeneration involves the non-image-forming visual pathway.

关键词： melanopsin retinal ganglion cells intraocular pressure

Enhanced expression of proneurotrophins in elevated introcular pressure-induced rat retinal ischemia

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Chinese Medical Journal 2012年第21期125卷 3875-3879页

作者： WEI Yong wang huai-zhou ZHANG Fu-kang ZAO Jun-peng JIANG Xiao-hua LU Qing-jun GAO Er-jing wang Ning-li Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Ophthalmology&Vision Science Key LaboratoryBeijing 100730China Institute for Biomedical Science of Pain Department of NeurobiologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory for Neural Regeneration and Repairing Department of NeurobiologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Background Proneurotrophins such as the precursor of nerve growth factor （proNGF） and the precursor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （proBDNF） interacted with sortilin and p75NTR to form a complex capable of activating an apoptotic signaling. We found that the expression of p75NTR and sortilin was increased in ischemic retina induced by elevated intraocular pressure （lOP）, but the protein expression changes of proNGF and proBDNF in the same situation were not clear. This study aimed to ascertain the protein expression changes of proNGF and proBDNF in ischemic retina induced by elevated lOP.

关键词： retina," precursor," brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursoe, nerve growth factor

Studies on Enzyme Kinetics by Microchip and Related Techniques

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高等学校化学学报 2004年第Z1期25卷 165-166页

作者： James J. Bao wang huai-Feng zhou Da-Wei Ken R. Wehmeyer College of Pharmaceuticals Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China College of Pharmaceuticals Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China College of Pharmaceuticals Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason OH 45040 USA

Both conventional and microchip-based capillary electrophoresis(CE) technologies have been used for the analysis of enzymes. Practical procedures of using CE to determine the Km and Vmax values of an enzyme have been developed. By studying the inhibition to the enzyme, it is possible to select a suitable drug candidate. When compared with the conventional CE method, single lane microchip-based method can improve the speed for the assay three times. By using multiple lane-based microchip, the speed can be further increased.

关键词： Enzyme Enzyme kinetics Inhibition Enzyme activity

The Blocking Effect of Phenolic Acid on N-Nitrosomorpholine Formation in vitro

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1994年第1期7卷 68-78页

作者： LI PlNG wang huai-zhou wang XU-QING AND WU YONG-NING(Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Chinese Academy of PreventiveMedicine, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China)( Present address: Institute of Environmental Health and Engineering, Chinese Acad Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine Beijing.

Phenolic acids (PAs) are widely found in many daily consumed vegetables and *** inhibitory effects of PAs on Nnitrosomorpholine (NMOR) formation in vitro undersimulated gastric juice condition were studied. The results showed that the inhibjtoryIX)tency of thirteen varieties of PAs differed greatly, which may be related to theirchemical structures; the blocking rate (BR) of different killds of PAs were as follows:caf feic acid, 92.5%; tannic acid, 90.0%; gallic acid, 86.8%; sinaPinic acid, 86.2%; ferulicacid, 8l.l%; chlorogenic acid, 69.4%; gentisic acid, 69.2%; syringic acid, 62.1%; protocatechuic acid, 56.0%; p-coumaric acid, 52.5%; vannilic acid, 35.4%; moreover,p-hydroxybenzoic acid and m-coumaric acid had the least blocking effect or even slightcatalyzing effect. The results also demonstrated that amounts of NMOR formed werenegatively correlated with molar ratio of PAs to nitrite and that the optimum pH forinhibition was between 2 and 3.

关键词： The Blocking Effect of Phenolic Acid on N-Nitrosomorpholine Formation in vitro

A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Performance Improvement of High-Temperature Heat Pipes

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 625-647页

作者： CHEN Qihan zhou Jingzhi zhou Guohui CHENG Keyong huai Xiulan WEI Gaosheng School of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing100096China Nanjing Institute of Future Energy System Nanjing211135China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

Energy efficiency issues are being focused on the growing concern of global warming and environmental *** high-temperature heat pipe(HTHP) is an effective and environmental-friendly heat transfer device employed in many industries,including solar power generation,high-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery,industrial furnaces,nuclear industries,and *** a critical factor in HTHPs,thermal performance is mainly introduced in the entire *** date,most reviews have been published concerning one or several application ***,to the best of authors' knowledge,it is hard to find a review discussing how to improve the thermal performance of HTHPs ***,the impact on the performance of three main components of HTHPs over the past 30 years is introduced:the working fluid,the HTHP structure,and the wick ***,it is a considerable review of the optimal operating conditions for each direction,and we expect this paper contribute to improving the thermal performance of ***,current numerical simulations and theoretical research on the heat transfer limit of HTHPs are *** significant hypotheses used in numerical simulations and the present theoretical studies are compiled ***,some potential future directions and tentative suggestions for HTHP research are put forward.

关键词： high-temperature heat pipe review alkali metal heat pipe thermal performance