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Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle under the Transition Influence of the Westerly and Summer Monsoon over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in the Southern Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 830-846页

作者： Qianhui MA Chunyan ZHANG donghai wang Zihao PANG School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesKey Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean SystemMinistry of EducationZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Guangdong Meteorological Data Center Guangdong Meteorological ServiceGuangzhou 510080China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

This study compares the summer atmospheric water cycle,including moisture sources and consumption,in the upstream,midstream,and downstream regions of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in the southern Tibetan *** evolutions of moisture properties under the influence of the westerly and summer southerly monsoon are examined using 5-yr multi-source measurements and ERA5 reanalysis *** that moisture consumption in this study is associated with clouds,precipitation,and diabatic *** to the midstream and downstream regions,the upstream region has less moisture,clouds,and precipitation,where the moisture is brought by the *** early August,the vertical wet advection over this region becomes enhanced and generates more high clouds and *** midstream region has moisture carried by the westerly in June and by the southerly monsoon from July to *** higher vertical wet advection maximum here forms more high clouds,with a precipitation peak in early *** downstream region is mainly affected by the southerly-driven wet *** rich moisture and strong vertical wet advection here produce the most clouds and precipitation among the three regions,with a precipitation peak in late *** height of the maximum moisture condensation is different between the midstream region(325 hPa)and the other two regions(375 hPa),due to the higher upward motion maximum in the midstream *** diabatic heating structures show that stratiform clouds dominate the upstream region,stratiform clouds and deep convection co-exist in the midstream region,and deep convection systems characterize the downstream region.

关键词： Yarlung Zangbo River Basin atmospheric water cycle constrained variational analysis moisture source and consumption

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Differences in Precipitation and Related Wind Dynamics and Moisture and Heat Features in Separate Areas of the South China Sea before and after Summer Monsoon Onset

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1643-1660页

作者： Chunyan ZHANG donghai wang Kaifeng ZHANG Wanwen HE Yanping ZHENG Yan XU Guangdong Meteorological Data Center Guangdong Meteorological BureauGuangzhou 510640China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesKey Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean SystemMinistry of EducationZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China Foshan Meteorological Service Foshan 528000China Ningjiang District Meteorological Bureau Songyuan 138000China

Using surface and balloon-sounding measurements, satellite retrievals, and ERA5 reanalysis during 2011–20, this study compares the precipitation and related wind dynamics, moisture and heat features in different areas of the South China Sea(SCS) before and after SCS summer monsoon onset(SCSSMO). The rainy sea around Dongsha(hereafter simply referred to as Dongsha) near the north coast, and the rainless sea around Xisha(hereafter simply referred to as Xisha) in the western SCS, are selected as two typical research subregions. It is found that Dongsha, rather than Xisha, has an earlier and greater increase in precipitation after SCSSMO under the combined effect of strong low-level southwesterly winds, coastal terrain blocking and lifting, and northern cold air. When the 950-h Pa southwesterly winds enhance and advance northward, accompanied by strengthened moisture flux, there is a strong convergence of wind and moisture in Dongsha due to a sudden deceleration and rear-end collision of wind by coastal terrain blocking. Moist and warm advection over Dongsha enhances early and deepens up to 200 h Pa in association with the strengthened upward motion after SCSSMO, thereby providing ample moisture and heat to form strong precipitation. However, when the 950-h Pa southwesterly winds weaken and retreat southward, Xisha is located in a wind-break area where strong convergence and upward motion centers move in. The vertical moistening and heating by advection in Xisha enhance later and appear far weaker compared to that in Dongsha, consistent with later and weaker precipitation.

关键词： Dongsha Xisha South China Sea summer monsoon onset precipitation wind dynamics moisture heat

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近20年季风爆发前后珠江三角洲前汛期短时强降水的时空演变特征与成因

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大气科学 2024年第2期48卷 715-734页

作者：江帆王东海曾智琳中山大学大气科学学院/广东省气候变化与自然灾害研究重点实验室/热带海洋系统科学教育部重点实验室/南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海) 珠海519082 厦门市同安区气象局厦门361100 厦门市海峡气象开放重点实验室厦门361012 澳门科技大学澳门环境研究院/澳门海岸带生态环境国家野外科学观测研究站中国澳门999078 广东省气象台广州510640 中国气象局龙卷风重点开放实验室佛山528000

相较于暴雨这种日尺度强降水,短时强降水(≥20 mm h^(−1))是造成山洪滑坡与城市内涝等灾害更为直接的因素。本文利用地面气象观测站和ERA5再分析数据,重点研究南海季风爆发前后珠江三角洲地区(简称珠三角)短时强降水的时空演变特征,并... 详细信息

相较于暴雨这种日尺度强降水,短时强降水(≥20 mm h^(−1))是造成山洪滑坡与城市内涝等灾害更为直接的因素。本文利用地面气象观测站和ERA5再分析数据,重点研究南海季风爆发前后珠江三角洲地区(简称珠三角)短时强降水的时空演变特征,并探索了短时强降水在季风爆发前后特征差异的可能成因。研究表明:(1)相较于季风爆发前,珠三角地区季风爆发后的降水明显增多,其中短时强降水贡献的比例显著增加。对短时强降水本身而言,区域平均强度以及极端性在季风爆发前后差异总体较小,但短时强降水频率在季风爆发后增加70%。(2)短时强降水高发区主要集中在珠三角东北部和珠江口西侧沿海,季风爆发后上述两个地区的频次增多最明显。短时强降水频率由季风爆发前的单峰型(下午)转为季风爆发后的双峰型(早晨与下午)。(3)短时强降水具有明显的区域性变化特征,短时强降水在季风爆发后的平均雨强和极端性在珠江口西侧沿海较内陆地区明显增强,其频次峰值时间在沿海地区从季风爆发前的午后转为季风爆发后的早晨,内陆地区在季风爆发前后均集中在下午。(4)季风爆发后,短时强降水期间的低层环境水汽超过同期气候态水平的16%。充沛的水汽在夜间在季风加速作用下被输送至沿海,并与陆风作用增强了辐合,这解释了沿海短时强降水的在季风爆发前后频次峰值时间转换现象。(5)相较于季风爆发前,季风爆发后珠三角短时强降水频率与低层水汽通量的相关性明显升高。珠三角沿海地区夜间—早晨短时强降水的增多与中低层风场结构改变造成的动力强迫有关。内陆地区季风爆发前后短时强降水与环境热力和不稳定条件关系更大。这些结果有助于我们更好地了解珠三角地区在季风爆发前后短时强降水的时空分布特征和理解其产生机制。

关键词：短时强降水珠三角地区季风爆发前后时空分布可能成因

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Exploring the Phase-Strength Asymmetry of the North Atlantic Oscillation Using Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第5期32卷 671-679页

作者： JIANG Zhina wang Xin wang donghai State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Negative-phase North Atlantic Oscillation（NAO） events are generally stronger than positive-phase ones, i.e., there is a phase-strength asymmetry of the NAO. In this work, we explore this asymmetry of the NAO using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation（CNOP） method with a three-level global quasi-geostrophic spectral model. It is shown that, with winter climatological flow forcing, the CNOP method identifies the perturbations triggering the strongest NAO event under a given initial constraint. Meanwhile, the phase-strength asymmetry characteristics of the NAO can be revealed. By comparing with linear results, we find that the process of perturbation self-interaction promotes the onset of negative NAO events, which is much stronger than during positive NAO onset. Results are obtained separately using the climatological and zonal-mean flows in boreal winter（December–February） 1979–2006 as the initial basic state. We conclude, based on the fact that NAO onset is a nonlinear initial-value problem, that phase-strength asymmetry is an intrinsic characteristic of the NAO.

关键词： North Atlantic Oscillation asymmetry optimization problem

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基于“阴平阳秘”理论探讨失眠的因机治则

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中医临床研究 2024年第18期16卷 40-43页

作者：赵云秋王东海辽宁中医药大学辽宁沈阳110847 辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院辽宁沈阳110034

失眠在中医范畴中名“不寐”,是一种以睡眠障碍为主症的疾病。随着社会快速发展,失眠等发病率也在逐年增加,不仅影响患者的日常生活与工作,给心理也带来负面作用。中医对于失眠病因的认识多种多样,通过六经、五脏六腑、气血营卫等方面... 详细信息

失眠在中医范畴中名“不寐”,是一种以睡眠障碍为主症的疾病。随着社会快速发展,失眠等发病率也在逐年增加,不仅影响患者的日常生活与工作,给心理也带来负面作用。中医对于失眠病因的认识多种多样,通过六经、五脏六腑、气血营卫等方面治疗失眠的思路纷繁复杂。文章通过“阴平阳秘”理论探讨失眠的病因、病机及治疗原则,为临床治疗提供思路。“阴平阳秘”理论属于中医基础理论范畴,最早见于《黄帝内经》,其旨在论述阴阳动态平衡的状态。研究以“阴平阳秘”为论据,提出了睡眠机制和人体的阴阳状态是息息相关的,又指出了失眠的基本病机,实为阳盛不得入阴,阳亢于外,虚为阴虚不能纳阳,阳气浮越于外,也就是阴阳失调导致的,即阳盛阴衰,阴阳失交,探讨了失眠正是阴阳动态失衡所导致的。从情志、饮食、久病体虚、年老体虚以及失治误治四个方面切入,全面探讨阴阳与不寐的关系,简单探讨了阴阳结合下治疗失眠的方法,论述阴阳动态平衡在治疗不寐过程中的重要意义,丰富不寐因机治则的理论基础,为临床治疗不寐提供辨证与诊疗思路。

关键词：阴平阳秘不寐病因病机

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词典考古学研究概观

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辞书研究 2024年第4期 32-42,I0002页

作者：李家琦王东海北京大学对外汉语教育学院北京100871 鲁东大学国际教育学院烟台264025

词典考古学是词典学的分支学科,通过对比同一部词典的不同版本、源于同一母本的不同词典或同一出版社出版的不同词典来挖掘词典间的关联和亲缘关系,建立词典谱系,揭示语言事实,解决词典编纂中存在的问题。词典考古学研究通常采用词典对... 详细信息

词典考古学是词典学的分支学科,通过对比同一部词典的不同版本、源于同一母本的不同词典或同一出版社出版的不同词典来挖掘词典间的关联和亲缘关系,建立词典谱系,揭示语言事实,解决词典编纂中存在的问题。词典考古学研究通常采用词典对比的研究方法,目前有词典史、语言史两种研究视角和“基于词典考古”“词典考古驱动”两种研究路径。词典考古学使词典学的研究更为系统,能够为词典学和其他相关学科的研究提供新的材料与思路。未来可加强对词典文本的数字化建设,开发词典资源,构建不同时期的词典语料库,充分发挥词典考古在词典谱系构建、词典人才培养、词典评论、语言和文化发展史梳理等方面的作用,推动我国辞书事业的进一步发展。

关键词：词典学词典考古词典历史词典谱系词典编纂

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Self-Assembled Materials for Catalysis

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Nano Research 2009年第1期2卷 1-29页

作者： Kake Zhu donghai wang Jun Liu Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWashington WA 99252USA

The purpose of this review is to highlight developments in self-assembled nanostructured materials(i.e.,mesoporous and nanoparticle-based materials)and their catalytic *** there are many available reviews of metal-based nanoparticles as catalysts,this review will mainly focus on self-assembled oxide-based catalytic *** content includes:(1)design and synthetic strategies for self-assembled mesoporous catalysts,(2)polyoxometalate(POM)-based nanocatalysts,(3)dendrimer-based nanocatalysts,and(4)shaped nanomaterials and catalytic *** show that controlled assembly of molecules,crystalline seeds,and nano building blocks into organized mesoscopic structures or controlled morphologies is an effective approach for tailoring porosities of heterogeneous catalysts and controlling their catalytic activities.

关键词： Self-assembly mesoporous microporous nanoparticles polyoxometalates dendrimers zeolites layered double hydroxides heterogeneous catalysis

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Ensemble prediction experiments using conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第4期52卷 511-518页

作者： JIANG ZhiNa MU Mu wang donghai State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather(LaSW) Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of At-mospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Two methods for initialization of ensemble forecasts are compared, namely, singular vector (SV) and conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP). The comparison is done for forecast lengths of up to 10 days with a three-level quasi-geostrophic (QG) atmospheric model in a perfect model scenario. Ten cases are randomly selected from 1982/1983 winter to 1993/1994 winter (from December to the following February). Anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) is adopted as a tool to measure the quality of the predicted ensembles on the Northern Hemisphere 500 hPa geopotential height. The results show that the forecast quality of ensemble samples in which the first SV is replaced by CNOP is higher than that of samples composed of only SVs in the medium range, based on the occurrence of weather re-gime transitions in Northern Hemisphere after about four days. Besides, the reliability of ensemble forecasts is evaluated by the Rank Histograms. The above conclusions confirm and extend those reached earlier by the authors, which stated that the introduction of CNOP improves the forecast skill under the condition that the analysis error belongs to a kind of fast-growing error by using a barotropic QG model.

关键词： ensemble prediction medium range singular vector conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation

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A New Approach to Implement Sigma Coordinate in a Numerical Model

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第9期12卷 1033-1050页

作者： Yiyuan Li donghai wang Bin wang State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijingChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling and Center for Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

This study shows a new way to implement terrain-following s-coordinate in a numerical model,which does not lead to the well-known"pressure gradient force(PGF)"***,the causes of the PGF problemare analyzedwith existing methods that are categorized into two different types based on the ***,the new method that bypasses the PGF problem all together is *** comparing these threemethods and analyzing the expression of the scalar gradient in a curvilinear coordinate system,this study finds out that only when using the covariant scalar equations of s-coordinate will the PGF computational form have one term in each momentum component equation,thereby avoiding the PGF problem completely.A convenient way of implementing the covariant scalar equations of s-coordinate in a numerical atmospheric model is illustrated,which is to set corresponding parameters in the scalar equations of the Cartesian ***,two idealized experimentsmanifest that the PGF calculated with the new method is more accurate than using the classic *** method can be used for oceanic models as well,and needs to be tested in both the atmospheric and oceanic models.

关键词： Pressure gradient force(PGF) terrain-following sigma coordinate non-orthogonal basis vectors numerical modeling computational errors

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An investigation into the three-dimensional cloud structure over East Asia from the CALIPSO-GOCCP Data

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第12期58卷 2236-2248页

作者： YIN JinFang wang donghai XU HuanBin ZHAI GuoQing State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology Department of Earth Science Zhejiang University

The spatial distribution of clouds and their seasonal variations, and the three-dimensional(3D) cloud structures over East Asia have been analyzed with the CALIPSO-GOCCP data during the period from 2007 to 2012. The results show that there is a large cloud fraction greater than 0.7 over southern China, and the largest cloud fraction appears in southwest China. Besides, a large cloud fraction occurs over the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. The total and high cloud fractions show notable variations with seasons, while the middle and low cloud fractions vary a little. As for cloud vertical structure, significant differences of the cloud vertical distributions are observed between over land and ocean. Cloud fractions and the height of the maximum cloud fractions decline gradually with the increasing latitude, except for the vertical-latitude profiles over the Tibetan Plateau regions. The longitude-vertical cross sections show similar patterns from the longitude 70° E to 140° E, except the profiles with large cloud fractions over the Tibetan Plateau. From the horizontal distribution patterns and vertical structures of the clouds over East Asia, it is concluded that the huge terrain of the Tibetan Plateau has significant impacts on the cloud formation over the Tibetan Plateau region and the areas to the east. At last, the clouds from the CALIPSO-GOCCP observations are compared to those from the ERA-Interim reanalysis data. The results indicate that the ERA-Interim reanalysis data provide reasonable spatial distribution patterns and the vertical structures in terms of the total cloud fraction over East Asia. However, the total cloud fraction was underestimated about 20% by the ERA-Interim reanalysis data over most parts of East Asia, especially over the neighboring areas east of the Tibetan Plateau. Additionally, the ERA-interim reanalysis data overestimate the cloud fractions at each level in the vertical direction.

关键词： CALIPSO cloud fraction cloud three-dimension structure ERA-interim reanalysis data

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