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中国裸藻属新记录种的形态学和分子系统学研究

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水生生物学报 2024年第6期48卷 1011-1018,I0007,I0008页

作者：姜小蝶朱为菊庞婉婷王全喜琼台师范学院理学院海南571127 上海师范大学生命科学学院上海200234

文章报道了采自中国上海市、黑龙江省和甘肃省的16株裸藻属物种,使用光学显微镜对其形态学特征进行了详细的观察,同时对所有藻株进行分离、纯化和培养,提取DNA后扩增各藻株的4个分子序列,并使用贝叶斯法和最大似然法构建系统发育树,结... 详细信息

文章报道了采自中国上海市、黑龙江省和甘肃省的16株裸藻属物种,使用光学显微镜对其形态学特征进行了详细的观察,同时对所有藻株进行分离、纯化和培养,提取DNA后扩增各藻株的4个分子序列,并使用贝叶斯法和最大似然法构建系统发育树,结合形态学方法和分子生物学手段鉴定为9个中国裸藻属新记录种,分别为敏捷裸藻Euglena agilis、裸脊裸藻***、耶氏裸藻***、曼克斯裸藻***、后缩裸藻***、光明裸藻***、星形裸藻***、拟星形裸藻***和波形裸藻***,对所有物种的形态学特征进行了详细的描述,同时明确了各物种的系统发育位置。这些物种均是首次在中国发现,中国裸藻属新记录种的发现将对裸藻属单系性研究及中国绿色裸藻类生物多样性组成研究提供数据支撑。

关键词：新记录形态特征分子数据裸藻属

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口服太子参多糖对鸡毒支原体弱毒活疫苗免疫增强作用的研究

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中国预防兽医学报 2024年第5期46卷 522-528页

作者：陈沛予游泽龙廖丽华王全溪福建农林大学中西兽医结合与动物保健福建省高等学校重点实验室福建福州350002 福建省兽医中药与动物保健重点实验室(福建农林大学) 福建福州350002

为研究口服太子参多糖(RPP)对鸡毒支原体(MG)弱毒活疫苗的免疫增强作用,本实验选用SPF鸡90只,随机均分为空白对照组(CK组)、疫苗对照组(MG组)和3种不同剂量RPP组(RPP剂量分别为L组50 mg/kg、M组100 mg/kg和H组200 mg/kg)。除CK组和MG组... 详细信息

为研究口服太子参多糖(RPP)对鸡毒支原体(MG)弱毒活疫苗的免疫增强作用,本实验选用SPF鸡90只,随机均分为空白对照组(CK组)、疫苗对照组(MG组)和3种不同剂量RPP组(RPP剂量分别为L组50 mg/kg、M组100 mg/kg和H组200 mg/kg)。除CK组和MG组外,L组、M组和H组均在接种前1 d~7 d口服适量RPP,第8 d时除CK组外各组鸡均经滴鼻MG弱毒活疫苗30μL(1羽份)。每日称饲料用量并在给药后7 d、21 d时各组随机抽9只鸡称重,计算平均日增重、平均日采食量和料肉比;给药前和给药后7 d、10 d、14 d、21 d时每组分别随机经翅下静脉采集6只鸡血液,采用间接ELISA测定细胞因子含量、抗体效价。给药后7 d、14 d、21 d,各组随机抽3只鸡剖杀无菌采集脾脏,分别测定脾脏指数。结果显示:与CK组、MG组相比,给药后21 d时L、M、H组鸡的平均日增重、平均日采食量均显著升高(P<0.05),L、H组鸡料肉比显著降低(P<0.05),21 d时L、M、H组鸡MG抗体效价均显著升高(P<0.05),并达到有效免疫保护水平。血清中相关细胞因子检测结果显示,在给药后14 d时M、H组IFN-γ、IL-4水平均显著上调(P<0.05),IL-1、IL-6含量均显著下调(P<0.05);给药后14 d、21 d时L、M、H组脾脏指数均显著升高(P<0.05)。分别选CK组、MG组和免疫效果最佳的H组5只鸡,于给药后21 d经滴鼻点眼MG MX-4株菌液,记录各组鸡攻毒后鸡体重、症状,2周后剖杀并采集攻毒后鸡肺脏,进行病变评分。结果显示,CK组鸡日增重显著低于(P<0.05)MG组、H组,而MG组和H组比较,MG组1只鸡日增重低于MG组平均值,其余鸡生长性能均无明显异常;CK组鸡肺脏病变较为严重(病变平均分值为6.8分),MG组鸡肺脏仅轻微病变(病变平均分值为1.8分),H组肺脏无明显病变(病变平均分值为0.6分)。上述结果首次表明,口服RPP能够使免疫MG弱毒活疫苗鸡的抗体效价快速上升,脾脏功能增强,提高鸡的生长性能,并升高Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ和Th2型细胞因子IL-4在鸡血清中的含量,从而促进免疫鸡的细胞免疫反应与抗原提呈能力;另外还可显著降低血清中促炎因子IL-1、IL-6含量,具有一定的抗炎作用;同时可有效降低攻毒鸡肺脏病变程度,减缓MG感染导致鸡的生长性能下降。本研究为RPP在MG弱毒活疫苗免疫中的应用提供了科学参考依据。

关键词：太子参多糖鸡毒支原体鸡免疫功能

Chemical characterization of submicron particles during typical air pollution episodes in spring over Beijing

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2016年第4期9卷 255-262页

作者： YANG Ting SUN Ye-Le ZHANG Wei wang Zi-Fa wang xi-quan State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Aviation Meteorological Center of China BeijingChina

Beijing experienced a long-lasting pollution episode in April 2012. Here, the authors characterize the sources and evolution processes of the pollution, with a focus on a haze and a dust episode that occurred during 15-30 April. All submicron aerosol species （PM1） showed substantial increases during the haze episode （HE）, with nitrate being the largest, contributing on average 32.2% of the non-refractory PM;（NR-PM1） mass （maximum： -42.0%）, which was different from other seasons. Secondary inorganic aerosol （SIA） species （55.1 ± 23.8 lag m-3; SIA = nitrate, ammonium, sulfate） played enhanced roles in the haze formation, accounting for 66.5% of the total NR-PM1 mass. In contrast to the HE, organics exhibited their highest levels （8.9 ± 5.4 lag m-3） among the NR-PM aerosol species during the dust episode, accounting for 64.0% on average. SIAs exhibited low concentration levels （4.6 ± 4.2 μg m-3） during the dust episode, contributing only 34.0% to the total NR-PM1 mass. This study suggests that air quality improvement strategies should be designed according to aerosol particle characteristics and formation mechanisms.

关键词： Particulate matter haze pollution nitrate secondaryinorganic aerosols, Beijing

Effects of different LEDs light spectrum on the growth,leaf anatomy,and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro and minituber production after transplanting in the greenhouse

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 108-119页

作者： CHEN Li-li ZHANG Kai GONG xiao-chen wang Hao-ying GAO You-hui wang xi-quan ZENG Zhao-hai HU Yue-gao College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation Ministry of Agriculture/Farmland Irrigation Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinxiang 453003P.R.China

Light spectrum plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of in vitro cultured potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets. The status of potato plantlets at the end of in vitro stage influences the minituber production after transplanting. With 100 μmol m^-2s^-1 total photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD), a light spectrum study of 100% red light emitting diodes(LEDs) light spectrum(RR), 100% blue LEDs light spectrum(BB), 65% red+35% blue LEDs light spectrum(RB), and 45% red+35% blue+20% green LEDs light spectrum(RBG) providing illumination at the in vitro cultured stage of potato plantlets for 4 weeks using fluorescent lamp as control(CK) was performed to investigate the effects of LEDs light spectrum on the growth, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro as well as the minituber yield after 2 months transplanting in the greenhouse. Compared to CK, RB and RBG promoted the growth of potato plantlets in vitro with increased stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weight, and health index. Furthermore, BB induced the greatest stem diameter as well as the highest health index in potato plantlets in vitro. Root activity, soluble protein, and free amino acid were also significantly enhanced by BB, whereas carbohydrates were improved by RR. In addition, thickness of leaf, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma was significantly increased by BB and RBG. Chloroplasts under BB and RBG showed well-developed grana thylakoid and stroma thylakoid. Unexpectedly, distinct upper epidermis with greatest thickness was induced and palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were arranged neatly in RR. After transplanting in the greenhouse for 2 months, potato plantlets in vitro from BB, RB, and RBG produced high percentage of large size tuber. BB improved fresh and dry weights of the biggest tuber but decreased tuber number per plantlet. In addition, RBG increased tuber number as well as tuber fresh and dry weight slig

关键词： potato plantlets in vitro LEDs light spectrum leaf anatomy chloroplast ultrastructure minituber production

Maize straw application as an interlayer improves organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations in the soil profile: A four-year experiment in a saline soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第6期22卷 1870-1882页

作者： CHANG Fang-di wang xi-quan SONG Jia-shen ZHANG Hong-yuan YU Ru wang Jing LIU Jian wang Shang JI Hong-jie LI Yu-yi Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research(NIBIO) As 1431Norway Department of Soil and Plant Microbiome Institute of PhytopathologyChristian-Albrechts-University of KielKiel 24118Germany

Soil salinization is a critical environmental issue restricting agricultural *** return of straw to the soil as an interlayer (at 40 cm depth) has been a popular practice to alleviate salt ***,the legacy effects of straw added as an interlayer at different rates on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in saline soils still remain ***,a four-year (2015–2018) field experiment was conducted with four levels (i.e.,0,6,12and 18 Mg ha~(–1)) of straw returned as an *** with no straw interlayer (CK),straw addition increased SOC concentration by 14–32 and 11–57%in the 20–40 and 40–60 cm soil layers,*** increases in soil TN concentration (8–22 and 6–34%in the 20–40 and 40–60 cm soil layers,respectively) were lower than that for SOC concentration,which led to increased soil C:N ratio in the 20–60 cm soil *** in SOC and TN concentrations in the 20–60 cm soil layer with straw addition led to a decrease in stratification ratios (0–20 cm:20–60 cm),which promoted uniform distributions of SOC and TN in the soil *** in SOC and TN concentrations were associated with soil salinity and moisture regulation and improved sunflower ***,compared with other treatments,the application of 12 Mg ha~(–1) straw had higher SOC,TN and C:N ratio,and lower soil stratification ratio in the2015–2017 *** results highlighted that legacy effects of straw application as an interlayer were maintained for at least four years,and demonstrated that deep soil straw application had a great potential for improving subsoil fertility in salt-affected soils.

关键词： straw addition interlayer soil organic carbon soil nitrogen C:N ratio saline soil

Observation of nocturnal low-level wind shear and particulate matter in urban Beijing using a Doppler wind lidar

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2017年第6期10卷 411-417页

作者： CHEN Yong AN Jun-Ling LIN Jian SUN Ye-Le wang xi-quan wang Zi-Fa DUAN Jing State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China College of Earth Science University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China

A field experiment of nocturnal mountain wind and corresponding particulate matter （PM） evolution under weak synoptic forcing at five sites within urban Beijing was conducted using a moving Doppler wind lidar and a fixed tower. Clear wind shear and zero-horizontal-wind zones at 40-320 m above the ground with a delay of 1.5 h were found at two sites between 20 km from north to south urban Beijing. The wind speed and height of the low-level jet at the north urban Beijing site were greater than those at the east urban Beijing site. The average horizontal distribution of low-level PM at 240 m was similar to the ground-level PM at night. The PM2.s （aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm） accumulation center showed no abrupt changes with a shift in wind direction until the northerly wind jet arrived.

关键词： Mountain-plain wind windshear wind lidar

Estimates on nitrogen uptake in the subsequent wheat by aboveground and root residue and rhizodeposition of using peanut labeled with^(15)N isotope on the North China Plain

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第3期18卷 571-579页

作者： ZHANG Kai ZHAO Jie wang xi-quan XU He-shui ZANG Hua-dong LIU Jing-na HU Yue-gao ZENG Zhao-hai College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China Department of Agricultural Soil Science University of GöttingenGöttingen 37077Germany Plant&Soil Science Section Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg 2100Denmark

Leguminous crops play a vital role in enhancing crop yield and improving soil fertility. Therefore, it can be used as an organic N source for improving soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to(i) quantify the amounts of N derived from rhizodeposition, root and above-ground biomass of peanut residue in comparison with wheat and(ii) estimate the effect of the residual N on the wheat-growing season in the subsequent year. The plants of peanut and wheat were stem fed with 15 N urea using the cotton-wick method at the Wuqiao Station of China Agricultural University in 2014. The experiment consisted of four residue-returning strategies in a randomized complete-block design:(i) no return of crop residue(CR0);(ii) return of above-ground biomass of peanut crop(CR1);(iii) return of peanut root biomass(CR2); and(iv) return of all residue of the whole peanut plant(CR3). The 31.5 and 21% of the labeled 15 N isotope were accumulated in the above-ground tissues(leaves and stems) of peanuts and wheat, respectively. N rhizodeposition of peanuts and wheat accounted for 14.91 and 3.61% of the BG15 N, respectively. The 15 N from the below-ground 15 N-labeled of peanuts were supplied 11.3, 5.9, 13.5, and 6.1% of in the CR0, CR1, CR2, and CR3 treatments, respectively. Peanut straw contributes a significant proportion of N to the soil through the decomposition of plant residues and N rhizodeposition. With the current production level on the NCP, it is estimated that peanut straw can potentially replace 104 500 tons of synthetic N fertilizer per year. The inclusion of peanut in rotation with cereal can significantly reduce the use of N fertilizer and enhance the system sustainability.

关键词： cropping system crop residues rhizodeposition ^(15)N labeling

Optimal scheduling of a township integrated-energy system using the adjustable heat-electricity ratio model

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Global Energy Interconnection 2024年第1期7卷 48-60页

作者： quan Chen Jingyi wang Min Cang xiaomeng Zhai xi Cheng Shuang Wu Dongwei Li Economic and Technology Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. LtdNanjing210008P.R.China Power Construction Technical and Economic Consulting Center of China Electricity Council Beijing100053P.R.China

With the expansion and implementation of rural revitalization strategies,there is a constant need for new energy sources for the construction of new ***,integrated energy systems with the interconnection and interaction of multiple energy sources are developing *** energy,a renewable green energy source with low pollution and wide distribution,has significant application potential in integrated energy *** the application of biomass energy in townships,this study established an integrated biomass energy system and proposed a model to optimize its *** economic cost and highest clean energy utilization rate were considered as the objective *** addition,a plan was suggested to adjust the heat-electricity ratio based on the characteristics of the combined heat and power of the ***,a simulation analysis conducted for a town in China was discussed,demonstrating that the construction of a township integrated-energy system and the use of biomass can significantly reduce operating costs and improve the energy utilization ***,by adjusting the heat-electricity ratio,the economic cost was further reduced by 6.70%,whereas the clean energy utilization rate was increased by 5.14%.

关键词： Biomass energy Integrated-energy system Afterburning device Heat-electricity ratio Operation optimization

Sea-level change in coastal areas of China:Status in 2021

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 515-524页

作者： Wen-Shan LI Hui wang Wen-xi xiANG Ai-Mei wang Wei-Qing XU Yu-xi JIANG xin-Hui WU Meng-Yuan quan National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China Ocean University of Chin1 Qingdao 266100China University of Michigan‒Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Shanghai 200030China

The sea level in coastal areas of China reached the second highest in 2021,just after that recorded in *** force and dynamic analyses based on tide gauges,satellite observations,reanalysis data and regional numerical outputs were conducted to understand these abnormally high sea levels and determine their possible *** show that the coastal sea level of China had increased at an annual rate of 3.4±0.3 mm during 1980-2021,with an acceleration of 0.06±0.02 mm per *** superposition of significant oscillations of quasi-2,3-7,quasi-9,quasi-11,quasi-19 and 20-30 years contributed to the anomalously high sea *** negative-phased El Nino/Southern Oscillation was correlated with the anomalously high sea level and the north-south anti-phase pattern of the coastal sea level in ***,phase lags of 1-4 months occurred with the sea-level *** a decadal timescale,the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)was negatively correlated with the anomalous mean sea level(MSL),and the negative-phased PDO contributed to the anomalous sea-level change in ***,the monthly MSL peaked in April and July,and the contribution of wind stress to the anomalously high sea level was 38.5%in the south of the Taiwan Strait in April and 30%along the coast of China in *** results were consistent with the tide gauge and satellite *** agreement was also observed between the coastal sea-level fingerprint and the air and sea surface temperatures.

关键词： Sealevel La Nina PDO Wind stress