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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng wang Song wang Tinggui wang Zhongxiang wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao wang Juan wang Lei wang Wenxin wang Yilong wang Yusa wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

Effect of Complex Parameters of Porous Media on Desalination Performance in Air-Gap Diffusion Distillation Based on Multiple Regression Analysis

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第6期31卷 2329-2345页

作者： CHEN Lele wang Ping ZHANG xuan QIU Qinggang Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Power EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Air-Gap Diffusion Distillation(AGDD) is a new technology aiming at solving the problem of the safety of drinking water for residents in remote areas that uses a super hydrophilic porous medium as the hot channel and evaporation surface. In the experiment, it was found that the parameters of porous media have a significant influence on the desalination(evaporation) efficiency of AGDD. Although porous media are widely used as evaporation components, the factors affecting their evaporation efficiency are not fully understood. The evaporation process in super hydrophilic porous media is rarely discussed. A large number of experiments have been carried out based on AGDD. The introduction of statistical methods solves the problem that experiments cannot distinguish the contribution of complex parameters of porous media to evaporation efficiency. Stepwise regression analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the independent variables and construct regression equations(coefficient of determination R~2 reached 81.3%-96.8%). Evaporation flux correlations and dimensionless mass transfer correlations are established based on porous media parameters. We found that the surface evaporation of super hydrophilic porous media can be divided into three stages: diffusion evaporation, capillary evaporation, and thermal evaporation. The evaporation efficiency of these three stages is controlled by the vapor diffusion process resistance, capillary force, and energy supply. At low saturation, evaporation efficiency is limited by the resistance of the vapor diffusion process. The evaporation efficiency of the porous media is affected predominantly by the pore size, the specific surface area, porosity and the characteristic length. At high saturation, the evaporation efficiency becomes influenced primarily by the permeability. A small thickness and a high hydrophilicity also improve the evaporation efficiency.

关键词： Air-Gap Diffusion Distillation(AGDD) stepwise regression analysis evaporation super hydrophilic porous media desalination

Distributed Real-time Temperature and Energy Control of Energy Efficient Buildings via Geothermal Heat Pumps

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第6期9卷 2289-2300页

作者： Xiaotian wang Lei Liang xuan Zhang Hongbin Sun Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Tsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Geothermal heat pumps(GHPs)are a type of heating ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)systems that use low-temperature resources from soil and groundwater for heating/*** recent years,there has been an increasing interest in GHP systems due to their high energy efficiency and abundant geothermal ***,the optimization and control design of the GHP system has become a hot *** the other hand,as the GHP system is an ideal respon-sive load,mechanism design for the GHP system to realize demand response(DR)in a virtual power plant(VPP)without affecting user comfort is particularly *** this paper,we propose a distributed real-time temperature and energy management method via GHP systems for multi-buildings,where both floor and radiator heating/cooling distribution subsystems in multiple thermal zones are *** design an energy demand response mechanism for a single GHP to track the given energy consumption command for participating in VPP aggregation/***,a coordination mechanism for multiple GHPs is designed for the community-level oper-ator in joining VPP aggregation/*** designed schemes are scalable and do not need to measure or predict any exogenous disturbances such as outdoor temperature and heating disturbances from external sources,e.g.,user activity and device ***,four numerical examples for the simulation of two different scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

关键词： Building temperature and energy management disaggregation distributed control GHP HVAC VPP

Theoretical Model of Dynamic Bulk Modulus for Aerated Hydraulic Fluid

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2022年第5期35卷 183-193页

作者： Xiaoming Yuan Weiqi wang xuan Zhu Lijie Zhang Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Machinery Fluid Power Transmission and Control Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging&Stamping Technology and Science Ministry of Education of ChinaYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066000China State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Existing models of bulk modulus for aerated hydraulic fluids primarily focus on the effects of pressure and air fraction,whereas the effect of temperature on bulk modulus is *** on the lumped parameter method and the full cavitation model,combined with the improved Henry’s law and the air polytropic course equation,a theoretical model of dynamic bulk modulus for an aerated hydraulic fluid is *** effects of system pressure,air fraction,and temperature on bulk modulus are investigated using the controlled variable *** results show that the dynamic bulk modulus of the aerated hydraulic fluid is inconsistent during the compression *** the same pressure point,the dynamic bulk modulus during expansion is higher than that during *** the same initial air faction and pressure changing period,a higher temperature results in a lower dynamic bulk *** the pressure is lower,the dynamic bulk modulus of each temperature point is more similar to each *** comparing the theoretical results with the actual dynamic bulk modulus of the Shell Tellus S ISO32 standard air-containing oil,the goodness-of-fit between the theoretical model and experimental value at three temperatures is 0.9726,0.9732,and 0.9675,which validates the theoretical *** this study,a calculation model of dynamic bulk modulus that considers temperature factors is *** predicts the dynamic bulk modulus of aerated hydraulic fluids at different temperatures and provides a theoretical basis for improving the analytical model of bulk modulus.

关键词： Aerated hydraulic fluid Dynamic bulk modulus Theory model Air fraction Pressure

Effectiveness of Using Mean Corpuscular Volume and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin for Beta-thalassemia Carrier Screening in the Guangdong Population of China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2021年第8期34卷 667-671页

作者： GU Heng wang Yong Xia DU Meng xuan XU Shan Shan ZHOU Bing Yi LI ming Zhen NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong ProvineeGuangzhou 510000GuangdongChina Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510000GuangdongChina

Beta(β)-thalassemia is one of the most common hemoglobinopathies worldwide,creating major public health problems and social burdens in many *** forβ-thalassemia carriers is crucial for controlling this *** investigate the?effectiveness?of?mean?corpuscular?volume?(MCV)and mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH)for screeningβ-thalassemia,retrospective data were analyzed for 6,779β-thalassemia carriers subjected to genetic testing following thalassemia screening in Guangdong province between January 2018 and December 2019.

关键词： Guangdong Population thalassemia

Comparative analysis between single-train passing and double-train intersection in a tunnel

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第5期25卷 429-442页

作者： Jianming DU Qian FANG xuan ZHANG Hualao wang Bridge and Tunnel Research Center Research Institute of Highway Ministry of TransportBeijing 100088China Tunnel and Underground Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 00044China

Aerodynamic pressure significantly impacts the scientific evaluation of tunnel service *** aerodynamic pressure of two trains running in a double-track tunnel is considerably more complicated than that of a single *** used the numerical method to investigate the difference in aerodynamic pressure between a single train and two trains running in a double-track ***,the numerical method was verified by comparing the results of numerical simulation and on-site ***,the characteristics of aerodynamic pressure were ***,the influence of various train-tunnel factors on the characteristics of aerodynamic pressure was *** results show that the aerodynamic pressure variation can be divided into stage I:irregular pressure fluctuations before the train tail leaves the tunnel exit,and stage II:periodic pressure declines after the train tail leaves the tunnel *** addition,the aerodynamic pressure simultaneously jumps positively or drops negatively for a single train or two trains running in double-track tunnel *** pressure amplitude in the two-train case is higher than that for a single *** maximum positive peak pressure difference(P_(STP))and maximum negative peak pressure difference(P_(STN))increase as train speed rises to the power from 2.256 to 2.930 in stage *** P_(STP) and P_(STN) first increase and then decrease with the increase of tunnel length in stage *** P_(STP) and P_(STN) increase as the blockage ratio rises to the power from 2.032 to 2.798 in stages I and II.

关键词： Railway tunnel Aerodynamic effect Pressure characteristic Train speed Tunnel length Blockage ratio

An Improved Polar Codes-Based Key Reconciliation for Practical Quantum Key Distribution

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2018年第2期27卷 250-255页

作者： YAN Shiling wang Jindong FANG Junbin JIANG Lin wang xuan Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials South China Normal University Department of Optoelectronic Engineering Jinan University The Edward S.Rogers Sr.Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Toronto Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School

Key reconciliation is important for practical Quantum key distribution（QKD） systems since it corrects the error bits in a key string by sacrificing some key bits. Therefore, its performance directly affects the secret key rate of a practical QKD system. Although key reconciliation scheme based on polar codes can achieve a high coding efficiency, the high frame error rate causes discarding key strings and decreases the secret key rate. In this paper, we fist analyze the limitation of successive cancellation decoding of polar codes, and then we propose an improved key reconciliation scheme using polar codes with successive cancellation list decoding and optimized coding structures, which can decrease the frame error probability, resulting in a higher secret key rate. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a 12.8% higher secret key rate than the previous polar codes-based scheme with a code length of 216 bits and a quantum bit error rate of 2%. Besides, the proposed scheme is robust and it can extract secret key bits even when the quantum bit error rate reaches 10.2% with a code length of 2;bits and a coding efficiency of 90.6%.

关键词： Quantum key distribution Polar codes Successive cancellation list decoding Secret key rate

Facile synthesis of transition metal carbide nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous carbon nanosheets for hydrogen evolution reaction

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Rare Metals 2022年第7期41卷 2237-2242页

作者： Ying Yu xuan-Li wang Hong-Kun Zhang Zhi-Qin Cao Hao-Yang Wu Bao-Rui Jia Jun-Jun Yang xuan-Hui Qu ming-Li Qin Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Device School of Materials and MetallurgyInner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyBaotou 014010China China United Test&Certification Co. LtdBeijing 101407China GRINM Group Corporation Limited Beijing 100088China College of Vanadium and Titanium Panzhihua UniversityPanzhihua 617000China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Transition metal carbides(TMC)modified by mesoporous carbon nanosheets(MCNSs)with high activity,fast elec-tron/ion transfer and long durability are considered as promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution react... 详细信息

关键词： carbide hydrogen carbides

Pulmonary hypertension,nephrotic syndrome,and polymyositis due to hepatitis C virus infection:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第19期29卷 3040-3047页

作者： Ya-Nan Zhao Guo-Hui Liu Chang wang Yi-xuan Zhang Ping Yang ming Yu Department of Cardiology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033Jilin ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C infection not only damages the liver but also often accompanies many extrahepatic *** of pulmonary hypertension(PH)caused by hepatitis C are rare,and incidences of concurrent nephrotic syndrome and polymyositis are even *** SUMMARY Herein we describe the case of a 57-year-old woman who was admitted to our department for intermittent chest tightness upon exertion for 5 years,aggravated with dyspnea for 10 *** relevant examinations she was diagnosed with PH,nephrotic syndrome,and polymyositis due to chronic hepatitis C infection.A multi-disciplinary recommendation was that the patient should be treated with sildenafil and macitentan in combination and *** treatment autoimmune symptoms,liver function,hepatitis C RNA levels,and cardiac parameters of right heart catheterization were monitored *** patient showed significant improvement in 6-min walking distance from 100 to 300 m at 3-mo follow-up and pulmonary artery pressure drops to 50 ***-term follow-up is needed to confirm further efficacy and *** Increasing evidence supports a relationship between hepatitis C infection and diverse extrahepatic manifestations,but it is very rare to have PH,nephrotic syndrome,and polymyositis in a single *** conducted a literature review on the management of several specific extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C.

关键词： Hepatitis C Nephrotic syndrome Polymyositis Pulmonary hypertension Case report