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Progress and Prospect of Functional Rice Researches

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： SU Ning wan Xiang-yuan ZHAI Hu-qu wan jian-min Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R.China

With the rapid development of economy and the increase of people＇s living standards, functional foods are being gradually embraced by consumers and have a great growth potential. Rice is the main staple food in China. It plays an important role in promoting people＇s health and in improving public nutrition, and therefore there is an ever-increasing consumer demand for rice for its functional quality. This study introduces the concept of functional rice and summarizes the current research progress on this topic and the application of breeding strategies including traditional breeding, induced mutagenesis, molecular marker-assisted selection and transgenic engineering in the research of a new generation of functional rice that posses health benefits, therapeutic values, bioreactor properties, and other unique functions. We then point out the prospect of functional rice from the point of view of social development, germplasm innovation, breeding of functional rice by biological technology and the test of active material related functional rice. We conclude that developing and marketing of functional rice is becoming a subject of great importance for research and is to be the focus of research in future.

关键词： functional rice functional rice breeding research progress

Identification of QTLs Underlying Folate Content in Milled Rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第9期13卷 1827-1834页

作者： DONG Wei CHENG Zhi-jun XU jian-long ZHENG Tian-qing wanG Xiao-le ZHANG Hong-zheng wanG Jie wan jian-min National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Understanding the genetic mechanism underlying folate biosynthesis and accumulation in rice would be beneficial for breeding high folate content varieties as a cost-effective approach to addressing widespread folate deficiency in developing countries. In this study, the inheritance of rice grain folate content was investigated in the Lemont/Teqing recombinant inbred lines and the Koshihikari/Kasalath//Koshihikari backcross inbred lines. 264 F12 recombinant inbred lines（RILs） and 182 BC1F10 backcross inbred lines（BILs） with their parents planted in randomized complete blocks with two replicates in 2010, and RILs harvested in 2008 were used for QTL detection using inclusive composite interval mapping（ICIM） method. In the RIL population, two QTLs, denoted by qQTF-3-1 and qQTF-3-2（QTF, quantitative total folate）, explaining 7.8% and 11.1-15.8% of the folate content variation were detected in one or two years, respectively. In the BIL population, a QTL, denoted by qQTF-3-3, was detected, explaining 25.3% of the variation in folate content. All the positive alleles for higher folate content were from the high-folate parents, i.e., Teqing and Kasalath. The known putative folate biosynthesis genes do not underlie the QTLs detected in this study and therefore may be novel loci affecting folate content in milled rice. QTLs identified in this study have potential value for marker assisted breeding for high-folate rice variety.

关键词： rice recombinant inbred lines backcross inbred lines quantitative trait locus folate content

Genetic Mechanism of Dominant Earliness in Kefeng A,a New Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line

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Rice science 2009年第4期16卷 267-273页

作者： XIAO Yu-long Yu Chuan-yuan LEI jian-guo LI Ma-zhong jianG Lin wan jian-min Rice Research Institute Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchang 330200 China State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

Kefeng A is an early maturing indica cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line of rice. Combinations derived from Kefeng A and late maturing indica restorer lines showed dominant earliness to various extents. To understand the genetic basis of dominant earliness, the genotype of photoperiod-sensitive genes in Kefeng A was analyzed using a complete set of heading time near isogenic lines （NILs） EGO to EG7, ER, LR, T65, T65E^b, T65E^bm, T65m, NIL（Hd1） and NIL（Hd4）. Results indicated that Kefeng A contained two dominant photoperiod-sensitive alleles E1 and Se-1^U on E1 and Se-1 loci, respectively, and the genotype of photoperiod-sensitivity genes for heading time in Kefeng A was E1E1e2e2E3E3Se-1^USe-1UEf-1Ef-1. Based on the detected heading time genotype, in combination with the heading time of Kefeng A and the early maturing phenomenon in its derived F1 hybrids, it is speculated that Kefeng A might carry a dominant inhibitor gene Su-E7 for the dominant photoperiod- sensitive gene E1, and a recessive inhibitor gene i-Se-1 for another dominant photoperiod-sensitive gene Se-1. The reason why F1 hybrids from Kefeng A exhibited early maturing was hereby analyzed and the breeding value of dominant earliness related genes in Kefeng A was discussed.

关键词： dominant earliness heading time genotype genetic mechanism cytoplasmic male sterile line rice

Cloning and Expression of Gene Responsible for High-Tillering Dwarf Phenotype in Indica Rice Mutant gsor23

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Rice science 2013年第5期20卷 320-328页

作者： YUAN Shou-jiang wanG Tao YIN Liang ZHAO Jin-feng wan jian-min LI Xue-yong National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences Shandong Rice Research Institute National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural University

High-tillering dwarf mutant gsor23 was generated from an indica rice variety Indica9 radiatied by y-ray. Genetic analysis showed that this phenotype was controlled by one single recessive gene, which was mapped within a physical distance of 386 kb between two insertion-deletion （InDel） markers CI-WT2 and C1-WT4 on the long arm of chromosome 1. There is a known gene DIO within this region, the mutation of which causes high-tillering in rice. Sequence analysis of the DIO allele in gsor23 revealed that the base cytosine （C） at the 404th position in the coding region was deleted, which would cause frameshift mutation after the 134th amino acids. The mutation site and indica background of gsor23 were different from the previously reported japonica mutants d10-1 and d10-2. Therefore, gsor23 is a novel allelic mutant of D10 which encodes the carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase 8 （CCD8）, a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the new plant hormone strigolactones （SLs）. After treatment with GR24, a synthetic analogue of SLs, the high-tillering phenotype of gsor23 was restored to normal. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that D10 expression was high in roots, but low in leaves. Compared with the wild type Indica9, the expression of the SL biosynthesis gene DIO was upregulated, while genes likely involved in the SL signal transduction pathway such as D3 and D14 were down-regulated in the gsor23 mutant.

关键词： high-tillering dwarf mutant strigolactone carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase feedback regulation positional cloning rice

OsHemA gene, encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase(GluTR) is essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice(Oryza sativa)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第3期19卷 612-623页

作者： ZENG Zhao-qiong LIN Tian-zi ZHAO Jie-yu ZHENG Tian-hui XU Le-feng wanG Yi-hua LIU Ling-long jianG Ling CHEN Sai-hua wan jian-min State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement/jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering/College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchong 637000P.R.China Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics Ministry of Education/CoInnovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

Chlorophyll(Chl) biosynthesis is essential for photosynthesis and plant ***-tRNA reductase(GluTR) catalyzes glutamyl-tRNA into glutamate-1-semialdehyde(GSA) and initiates the chlorophyll *** though the main role of GluTR has been established,the effects caused by natural variations in its corresponding gene remain largely ***,we characterized a spontaneous mutant in paddy field with Chl biosynthesis deficiency,designated as *** intact thylakoid lamellar structure,the cbd1 plant showed light green leaves and reduced Chl and carotenoids(Cars) content significantly compared to the wild *** map-based gene cloning,the mutation was restricted within a 57-kb region on chromosome 10,in which an mPingA miniature inverted-repeat transposable element(MITE) inserted in the promoter region of OsHemA *** leaf color and the pigment contents in cbd1 were recovered in a complementation test,confirming OsHemA was responsible for the mutant *** was uniquely predicted to encode GluTR and its expression level was dramatically repressed in *** transformation in protoplasts demonstrated that GluTR localized in chloroplasts and a signal peptide exists in its N-terminus.A majority of Chl biosynthesis genes,except for POR and CHLG,were down-regulated synchronously by the repression of OsHemA,suggesting that an attenuation occurred in the Chl biosynthesis ***,we found major agronomic traits involved in rice yield were statistically unaffected,except for the number of full grains per panicle was increased in ***,OsHemA plays an essential role in Chl biosynthesis in rice and its weak allele can adjust leaf color and Chls content without compromise to rice yield.

关键词： OsHemA GluTR chlorophyll biosynthesis

Evaluation of Rice Germplasm for Resistance to the Small Brown Planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) and Analysis of Resistance Mechanism

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Rice science 2008年第1期15卷 36-42页

作者： DUAN Can-xing ZHANG Shi-xian LEI Cai-lin CHENG Zhi-jun CHEN Qing ZHAI Hu-qu wan jian-min Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Beijing 100081 China Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing100094 China Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China）

One hundred and thirty-eight rice accessions were screened for resistance to the small brown planthopper （SBPH）（Laodelphax striatellus Fallen） by the modified seedbox screening test. Twenty-five rice accessions with different levels of resistance to SBPH were detected, accounting for 18.1% of the total accessions, which included 2 highly resistant, 9 resistant and 14 moderately resistant varieties. Compared with indica rice, japonica rice was more susceptible to SBPH. Antixenosis test, antibiosis test and correlation analysis were performed to elucidate the resistance mechanism. The resistant check Rathu Heenati （RHT）, highly resistant varieties Mudgo and Kasalath, and resistant variety IR36 expressed strong antixenosis and antibiosis against SBPH, indicating the close relationship between resistance level and these two resistance mechanisms in the four rice varieties. Antibiosis was the dominant resistance pattern in the resistant varieties Daorenqiao and Yangmaogu due to their high antibiosis but low antixenosis. Dular, ASD7 and Milyang 23 had relatively strong antixenosis and antibiosis, indicating the two resistance mechanisms were significant in these three varieties. The resistant DV85 expressed relatively high level of antixenosis but low antibiosis, whereas Zhaiyeqing 8 and Guiyigu conferred only moderate antibiosis and antixenosis to SBPH, suggesting tolerance in these three varieties. Antibiosis and antixenosis governed the resistance to SBPH in the moderately resistant accession 9311. Antixenosis was the main resistance type in V20A. Tolerance was considered to be an important resistance mechanism in minghui 63 and Yangjing 9538 due to their poor antibiosis and antixenosis resistance. The above accessions with strong antibiosis or antixenosis were the ideal materials for the resistance breeding.

关键词： rice germplasm the small brown planthopper evaluation for resistance resistance mechanism antixenosis antibiosis

BRITTLE CULM16(BRITTLE NODE) is required for the formation of secondary cell walls in rice nodes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第6期16卷 1286-1293页

作者： wanG Ying REN Yu-long CHEN Sai-hua XU Yang ZHOU Kun-neng ZHANG Long minG ming WU Fu-qing LIN Qi-bing wanG Jiu-lin GUO Xiu-ping ZHANG Xin LEI Cai-lin CHENG Zhi-jun wan jian-min National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China

Plant cell walls constitute the skeletal structures of plant bodies,and thus confer lodging resistance for grain *** the basic cell wall synthesis machinery is relatively well established now,our understanding of how the process is regulated remains limited and *** this study,we report the identification and characterization of the novel rice（Oryza sativa L.）brittle culm16（brittle node;bc16）*** brittle node phenotype of the bc16 mutant appears exclusively at nodes,and resembles the previously reported bc5 *** histochemical staining and electron microscopy assays revealed that in the bc16 mutant,the secondary cell wall formation and thickening of node sclerenchyma tissues are seriously affected after ***,cell wall composition assays revealed that the bc16 mutation led to a significant reduction in cellulose and lignin *** a map-based cloning approach,the bc16 locus is mapped to an approximately 1.7-Mb region of chromosome ***,our findings strengthen evidence for discretely spatial differences in the secondary cell wall formation within plant bodies.

关键词： rice (Oryza sativa L.) brittle node sclerenchyma tissue secondary cell wall

Genotypic Analysis of Heading Time on an Indica Rice Cultivar,Nanjing 11

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第1期1卷 19-24页

作者： LUO Lin-guang, SU Chang-chao, Eiji Shimura, ZHAI Hu-qu and wan jian-min( State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 ) State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Cermplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095

In this paper, the genotype of heading time in Nanjing 11, an indica variety, was analyzed by crossing with tester varieties, Akihikari (e1e1e2e2e3e3SeleSele), Koshihikari (E1E1E2E2 e3e3 SeleSele), Nipponbare(E1E1e2e2e3e3Se1Se1 )and HinohikarKEjE^ E2E2 e3e3 SelSel), of which the genotypes of heading time were well known. The results showed genotype of heading time in Nanjing 11 was E1E1 e2e2 E3E3 SelSel and also included a recessive inhibitor i-Sel for photoperiod-sensitivity as well. Meanwhile, the two photoperiod-sensitive genes, E1 and Sel, in Nanjing 11 were also identified by crossing with QTL nearly isogenic lines of Nipponbare, NIL(Hdl )and NIL(Hd4)which have complementary effects.

关键词： O. Saliva L. Nanjing 11 Heading time Photoperiod-sensitivity Genotype

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作物分子设计育种

作物学报 2006年第3期32卷 455-462页

作者：万建民中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程

优质、多抗、抗逆与高产作物新品种的选育和推广是实现我国粮食安全的重要途径。目前大多数育种工作仍然建立在表型选择和育种家的经验之上,育种效率低下;另一方面,生物信息数据库积累的数据量极其庞大,由于缺乏必要的数据整合技术,可... 详细信息

优质、多抗、抗逆与高产作物新品种的选育和推广是实现我国粮食安全的重要途径。目前大多数育种工作仍然建立在表型选择和育种家的经验之上,育种效率低下;另一方面,生物信息数据库积累的数据量极其庞大,由于缺乏必要的数据整合技术,可资育种工作者利用的信息却非常有限。作物分子设计育种将在多层次水平上研究植物体所有成分的网络互作行为和在生长发育过程中对环境反应的动力学行为;继而使用各种“组学”数据,在计算机平台上对植物体的生长、发育和对外界反应行为进行预测;然后根据具体育种目标,构建品种设计的蓝图;最终结合育种实践培育出符合设计要求的农作物新品种。设计育种的核心是建立以分子设计为目标的育种理论和技术体系,通过各种技术的集成与整合,对生物体从基因(分子)到整体(系统)不同层次进行设计和操作,在实验室对育种程序中的各种因素进行模拟、筛选和优化,提出最佳的亲本选配和后代选择策略,实现从传统的“经验育种”到定向、高效的“精确育种”的转化,以大幅度提高育种效率。

关键词：分子设计育种展望