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Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Microarthropod Communities in the Negev Desert

Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 451-461页

作者： Haggai WASSERSTROM walter g.whitford Yosef STEINBERgER The Mina and Everard goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range MSC 3JER New Mexico State University

Desert ecosystems are characterized by sparse vegetation that affects both abiotic parameters and soil biota along the soil profile. This study was conducted in 2010-2011 in a loess plain in the northern Negev Desert highlands, Israel, to test two main hypotheses： 1） the abundance and diversity of microarthropods would vary seasonally in the top 30-cm soil layer, but would be relatively stable at soil depths between 30 and 50 cm and 2） soil microarthropods would be more abundant in soils under shrubs with large litter accumulations than under shrubs with less litter or bare soil. Soil samples were collected each season from the 0-50 cm profile at 10-cm intervals under the canopies of Hammada scoparia and Zygophyllum dumosum and from the bare interspa^es between them. Soil moisture and soil organic carbon in the top 30-cm layers varied seasonally, but there was little variation in the soil layers deeper than 30 cm. Soil mites were most abundant in the top 30-cm soil layer in autumn and winter, with the highest number of families found in winter. There were no differences in soil microarthropod abundance attributable to the presence or absence of shrubs of either species. The microarthropod communities of the microhabitats studied consisted of Acari, Psocoptera, and Collembola. The Acari were mostly identified to the family level and were dominated by Oribatida （55%） and Prostigmata （41%） in all seasons and microhabitats, while the psocopterans were most abundant in summer. These results are opposite to those obtained in other studies in similar xeric environments. Moreover, our findings were not in line with our hypothesis that a better microhabitat played a major role in microarthropod community composition, diversity, and density.

关键词： microhabitat seasonality shrub soil depth soil mites soil moisture soil organic carbon

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Chihuahuan Desert Soil Biota

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第9期11卷 581-595页

作者： walter g. whitford Yosef Steinberger USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range Box 3JER New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM USA The Mina & Everard goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel

Deserts have traditionally been considered as a low moisture system where biological activity is triggered by unpredictable rainfall in time and space. Studies on desert ecosystems functions, processes, dynamics and diversity of soil biota had been found to contribute to understanding of their role in primary production and management of soil ecosystems. As belowground biota is very diverse they are playing an important role in above as well below ground essential ecosystem processes e.g. primary production, decomposition, nutrient mineralization etc. The challenge is to use the emerging knowledge of soil biota diversity in understanding basic ecosystems function.

关键词： Desert Soil Biota Plant Cover Ecophysiological Adaptation Plant Soil Biota Interaction

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Landscape Effects on Decomposition

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第3期11卷 267-275页

作者： walter g. whitford Yosef Steinberger USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM USA Department of Biology Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel

The average annual rainfall was close to the average for the Jornada Experimental Range basin (225 mm∙y−1). Decomposition of leaf litter bags on the soil surface was a function of the rainfall at the site and of soil texture. Sites with the highest splash erosion and infiltration (highest sand content) had the highest decomposition rates. There was no evidence that run-off, run-on processes had an effect on the decomposition of surface litter. Root decomposition was only different at one of the tarbush sites (p > 0.001) and that difference was primarily due to soil texture and spatial distribution of rainfall. High concentration of the clay-silt fraction resulted in differences in mass loss of surface litter at grassland, dry-lakes, and tarbush sites. One site at each of these was different from the other two sites because they are between 8 and 20 km from the other two sites.

关键词： Surface Litter Decomposition Tethered Root Mass Loss Rainfall Splash Erosion

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Herbivory Effects on <i>Ephedra</i>spp. in the Chihuahuan Desert

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第2期10卷 37-44页

作者： walter g. whitford Yosef Steinberger USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA The Mina and Everard goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel

Two species of Ephedra: E. trifurca and E. torreyana inhabit shrub and grassland habitats in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. E. torreyana is limited to black grama grasslands where grasses are taller than the shrub. E. torreyana is heavily browsed by vertebrates and E. trifurca is browsed during some years. We established an experiment with cylindrical exclosures that excluded rabbits and rodents, rabbits but accessible to rodents, for comparison with E. torreyana plants available to all herbivores. Plants accessible to all vertebrate herbivores were significantly smaller with shorter stem lengths than plants in exclosures. We concluded that E. torreyana in black grama grassland are largely hidden from vertebrate herbivores and that intense herbivory reflects the degraded state of the study site which makes the E. torreyana evergreen shrubs apparent to vertebrates.

关键词： Ephedra torreyana Ephedra trifurca Exclosures Jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) Desert Cottontail Rabbits (Sylvilagus auduboni) Desertification

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The effects of prescribed fire on soil nematodes in an arid juniper savanna

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第2期4卷 66-75页

作者： walter g. whitford Stanislav Pen-Mouratov Yosef Steinberger The Mina and Everard goldman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan Israel USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range New Mexico State University Las Cruces USA

Prescribed fire produced a landscape with two types of severely burned patches: charred shrub patches and charred patches with tree trunks at the center. Soil nematodes were more abundant in burned and unburned juniper (Juniperus monosperma) tree patches than in yucca-shrub patches. There were no differences in nematode abundance between burned and unburned patches during the late spring and summer samples. Nematode abundance was significantly (p gher in unburned patches than in burned patches in the early spring samples, reflecting large differences in soil moisture between unburned and burned patches. There were no differences in soil nematode abundance between burned and unburned patches at oneyear post-burn and three-year post-burn sites. When all samples were pooled, taxonomic diversity, ecological indices, and abundance of trophic groups (bacteria-feeders, fungi-feeders, and omnivore-predators) were higher in unburned than burned patches. These results suggest that the long-term (up to three years post-burn) effects of fire on soil nematodes are indirect, i.e., by loss of tree canopies, litter accumulation, and shrub foliage, which affects soil temperatures and water redistribution.

关键词： Acrobeles Bacterivore Fungivore Omnivore-Predator Juniperus Monosperma Soil Moisture Yucca Baccata

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