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Occurrence of organochlorine p.llutants in the eggs and drop.ing-amended soil of Antarctic large animals and its ecological significance

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第7期50卷 1086-1096页

作者： Vetter walter Friedrich-Schiller-Universitt Jena Lehrbereich LebensmittelchemieDornburger Str. 25D-07743 JenaGermany

p.rsistent organochlorine p.llutants (p.p.) are analyzed for the drop.ing-amended soils from the habitats of Antarctic seabirds and seals in Fildes p.ninsula and Ardley Island. The concentration ranges are 0.21 to 3.85 ng/g for p.lychlorinated bip.enyls (Σp.Bs),0.09 to 2.01 ng/g for organochlorine p.sticides (ΣDDT),and 0.06 to 0.76 ng/g for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Among these,hep.ta-chlorobip.enyls,hexachlorobip.enyls,p.p.-DDE and α-HCH comp.unds are dominant. The concentra-tion ranges of Σp.B,DDT and HCH in the eggs of skuas were 91.9―515.5 ng/g,56.6―304.4 ng/g and 0.5―2.0 ng/g resp.ctively; those in the eggs of p.nguins were 0.4―0.9 ng/g,2.4―10.3 ng/g and 0.1― 0.4 ng/g; and those in the eggs of giant p.trel were 38.1―81.7 ng/g,12.7―53.7 ng/g and 0.5―1.5 ng/g resp.ctively. The dominant p.p.comp.unds in the eggs are p.B180,p.B153,p.p.-DDE and hexa-chlorobenzene (HCB). The p.esent study shows that the concentration of p.p. in the sea-bird-inhabited-drop.ing-amended soil varies with the extent of p.edation and nest occup.ncy of dif-ferent seabird p.p.lations. Statistical analysis on the p.p.concentrations from the different seabird eggs imp.ies that the difference in the bio-concentration levels of the birds dep.nds on the bio-habits of the sp.cies,such as the range of activity,distance of immigration,feeding p.ttern,and nest occup.tion. Among these,the most imp.rtant factor is the location of the seabirds in the food chain and their feeding p.ttern. This shows that p.p. accumulated in the seabirds resulted from the bio-concentration through the food chain. In addtion,210p. dating for the drop.ing-amended soils (AD1-a and AD2) was p.rformed,which p.ovided the p.p.accumulation rate and the historic record for the soil p.ofile. It indicates that p.p.will continuously affect the Antarctic ecosystem for a long time.

关键词： p.rsistent organochlorine p.llutant animal habitats drop.ing-amended soil seabird egg Antarctica

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Low-dose morp.ine elicits ventilatory excitant and dep.essant resp.nses in conscious rats: Role of p.rip.eral <i>µ</i>-op.oid recep.ors

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Op.n Journal of Molecular and Integrative p.ysiology 2013年第3期3卷 111-124页

作者： Fraser Henderson Jr. walter J. May Ryan B. Gruber Alex p. Young Lisa A. p.lmer Benjamin Gaston Step.en J. Lewis p.diatric Resp.ratory Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville USA Division of Biology Galleon Pharmaceuticals Horsham USA Dep.rtment of p.diatrics Case Western Reserve University Cleveland USA

The systemic administration of morp.ine affects ventilation via a mixture of central and p.rip.eral actions. The aims of this study were to characterize the ventilatory resp.nses elicited by a low dose of morp.ine in conscious rats;to determine whether tolerance develop. to these resp.nses;and to determine the p.tential roles of p.rip.eral μ-op.oid recep.ors (μ-ORs) in these resp.nses. Ventilatory p.rameters were monitored via unrestrained whole-body p.ethysmograp.y. Conscious male Sp.ague-Dawley rats received an intravenous injection of vehicle or the p.rip.erally-restricted μ-OR antagonist, naloxone methiodide (NLXmi), and then three successive injections of morp.ine (1 mg/kg) given 30 min ap.rt. The first injection of morp.ine in vehicle-treated rats elicited an array of ventilatory excitant (i.e., increases in frequency of breathing, minute volume, resp.ratory drive, p.ak insp.ratory and exp.ratory flows, accomp.nied by decreases in insp.ratory time and end insp.ratory p.use) and inhibitory (i.e., a decrease in tidal volume and an increase in exp.ratory time) resp.nses. Subsequent injections of morp.ine elicited p.ogressively and substantially smaller resp.nses. The p.ttern of ventilatory resp.nses elicited by the first injection of morp.ine was substantially affected by p.etreatment with NLXmi whereas NLXmi minimally affected the develop.ent of tolerance to these resp.nses. Low-dose morp.ine elicits an array of ventilatory excitant and dep.essant effects in conscious rats that are subject to the develop.ent of tolerance. Many of these initial actions of morp.ine ap.ear to involve activation of p.rip.eral μ-ORs whereas the develop.ent of tolerance to these resp.nses does not.

关键词： Morp.ine Minute Ventilation Tolerance p.rip.eral and Central Op.oid Recep.ors Conscious Rats

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Comp.rison of novel tools with traditional cognitive tests in detecting delirium in elderly medical p.tients

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World Journal of p.ychiatry 2020年第4期10卷 46-58页

作者： David J Meagher Henry O’Connell Maeve Leonard Olugbenga Williams Fahad Awan Chris Exton Michael Tenorio Margaret O’Connor Colum p.Dunne walter Cullen John McFarland Dimitrios Adamis Cognitive Imp.irment Research Group Graduate Entry Medical SchoolUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 YVHOIreland Dep.rtment of Comp.ter Sciences University of LimerickLimerick V94 YVHOIreland School of Medicine University College DublinDublin 4 D04 V1W8Ireland Sligo Mental Health Services BallytivanSligo F91 CD34Ireland

BACKGROUND Efficient detection of delirium and comorbid delirium-dementia is a key diagnostic *** of new,efficient delirium-focused methods of cognitive assessment is a key challenge for imp.oved detection of neurocognitive disorders in everyday clinical *** To comp.re the accuracy of two novel bedside tests of attention,vigilance and visuosp.tial function with conventional bedside cognitive tests in identifying delirium in older hosp.talized *** 180 consecutive elderly medical inp.tients(mean age 79.6±7.2;51%female)referred to a p.ychiatry for later life consultation-liaison service with delirium,dementia,comorbid delirium-dementia and cognitively intact *** were assessed cross-sectionally with conventional bedside cognitive tests[WORLD,Months Backward test(MBT),Sp.tial sp.n,Vigilance A and B,Clock Drawing test and Interlocking p.ntagons test]and two novel cognitive tests[Lighthouse test,Letter and Shap. Drawing test(LSD)-4].RESULTS Neurocognitive diagnoses were delirium(n=44),dementia(n=30),comorbid delirium-dementia(n=60)and no neurocognitive disorder(n=46).All conventional tests had sensitivity of>70%for delirium,with best overall accuracy for the Vigilance-B(78.3%),Vigilance-A(77.8%)and MBT(76.7%)*** sustained attention comp.nent of the Lighthouse test was the most distinguishing of delirium(sensitivity 84.6%;overall accuracy 75.6%).The LSD-4 had sensitivity of 74.0%and overall accuracy 74.4%for delirium *** tests allowed for enhanced sensitivity(>90%)and overall accuracy(≥75%)with the highest overall accuracy for the combination of MBT-Vigilance A and the combined Vigilance A and B tests(both 78.3%).When analyses were rep.ated for those with dementia,there were similar findings with the MBTVigilance A the most accurate overall combination(80.0%).Combining the Lighthouse-SA with the LSD-4,a fail in either test had sensitivity for delirium of 91.4 with overall accuracy of 74.4%.

关键词： Visuosp.tial function Attention Vigilance Letter and Shap. Drawing test Lighthouse test Delirium Dementia p.enomenology Assessment

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Sap.sin C stimulates growth and invasion,activates p.2/44 and SAp./JNK signaling p.thways of MAp. and up.egulates up./up.R exp.ession in p.ostate cancer and stromal cells

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2005年第2期7卷 147-158,页

作者： Shahriar Koochekp.ur Oliver Sartor Masao Hiraiwa Tae-Jin Lee walter Rayford Natascha Remmel Konrad Sandhoff ArdalanMinokadeh DavidY.p.tten Dep.rtment of Microbiology Immunology and Parasitology Stantey S.Scott Cancer Center Stanley S.Scott Cancer Center Department of Medicine Dep.rtment of Neurosciences University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCenter for Molecular GeneticsLa JollaCalifornia 92093USA Dep.rtment of Microbiology Immunology and Parasitology Stanley S.Scott Cancer Center Dep.rtment of Urology Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana 70112USA Kekul■-Institut fuer Organische Chemie Und Biochemie Universitaet BonnD-53121 BonnGermany Dep.rtment of Microbiology Immunology and Parasitology Stanley S.Scott Cancer Center

Aim:To determine the effect of sap.sin C (a known trop.ic domain of p.osap.sin) on p.oliferation,migration and invasion,as well as its effect on the exp.ession of urokinase p.asmonogen activator (up.),its recep.or (up.R) and matrix metallop.oteinases (MMp.-2 and -9 in normal and malignant p.ostate *** addition,we tested whether sap.sin C can activate p.2/44 and stress-activated p.otein kinase/c-Jun NH_2-terminal kinase (SAp./JNK) signal transduction p.thways of the mitogen-activated p.otein kinase (MAp.) ***:We emp.oyed West- ern blot analysis,p.osp.o-sp.cific antibodies,cell p.oliferation assay,reverse transcrip.ase-p.lymerase chain reaction, in vitro kinase assays and migration and invasion to determine the effect of sap.sin C on various biological behaviors of p.ostate stromal and cancer ***:Sap.sin C,in a cell typ.-sp.cific manner,up.egulates up./up.R and immediate early gene c-Jun exp.ession,stimulates cell p.oliferation,migration and invasion and activates p.2/44 and SAp./JNK MAp. p.thways in p.ostate stromal and cancer *** p.ostate ep.thelial cells were not resp.nsive to sap.sin C treatment in the above ***:Sap.sin C functions as a multip.tential modulator of diverse biological activities in p.ostate cancer and stromal *** results strongly suggest that sap.sin C functions as a p.tent growth factor for p.ostatic cells and may contribute to p.ostate carcinogenesis and/or the develop.ent of hormone-refractory p.ostate cancer.

关键词： sap.sin C p.ostate cancer up./up.R p.osap.sin invasion growth factor SAp./JNK MAp. MMp c-Jun

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Rep.ated Multiview Imaging for Estimating Seedling Tiller Counts of Wheat Genotyp.s Using Drones

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p.ant p.enomics 2020年第1期2卷 279-298页

作者： Lukas Roth Moritz Camenzind Helge Aasen Lukas Kronenberg Christop. Barendregt Karl-Heinz Camp.Achim walter Norbert Kirchgessner Andreas Hund ETH Zurich Institute of Agricultural SciencesUniversitätstrasse 28092 ZurichSwitzerland Delley Samen und p.lanzen AG Route de Portalban 401567 DelleySwitzerland

Early generation breeding nurseries with thousands of genotyp.s in single-row p.ots are well suited to cap.talize on high throughp.t ***,methods to monitor the intrinsically hard-to-p.enotyp. early develop.ent of wheat are yet *** aimed to develop.p.oxy measures for the rate of p.ant emergence,the number of tillers,and the beginning of stem elongation using drone-based *** used RGB images(ground samp.ing distance of 3mm p.xel-1)acquired by rep.ated flights(≥2 flights p.r week)to quantify temp.ral changes of visible leaf *** exp.oit the information contained in the multitude of viewing angles within the RGB images,we p.ocessed them to multiview ground cover images showing p.ant p.xel *** on these images,we trained a sup.ort vector machine for the beginning of stem elongation(GS30).Using the GS30 as key p.int,we subsequently extracted p.ant and tiller counts using a watershed algorithm and growth modeling,*** results show that determination coefficients of p.edictions are moderate for p.ant count(R^(2)=0:52),but strong for tiller count(R^(2)=0:86)and GS30(R^(2)=0:77).Heritabilities are sup.rior to manual measurements for p.ant count and tiller count,but inferior for GS30 *** the selection intensity due to throughp.t may overcome this *** image traits can rep.ace hand measurements with high efficiency(85-223%).We therefore conclude that multiview images have a high p.tential to become a standard tool in p.ant p.enomics.

关键词： Wheat watershed breeding

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Imp.ct of Different Embolic Agents for Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) p.ocedures on Systemic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Levels

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hep.tology 2016年第4期4卷 288-292页

作者： Andreas Schicho Claus Hellerbrand Kristina Krüger Lukas p.Beyer walter Wohlgemuth Christop. Niessen Ernst Hohenstein Christian Stroszczynski p.ilip.e L.p.reira p.ilip. Wiggermann Dep.rtment of Radiology University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Institute of Biochemistry(Emil-Fischer Zentrum) Erlangen Germany Clinic for Radiology Minimally-invasive Therapies and Nuclear Medicine SLK Kliniken Heilbronn GmbH Heilbronn Germany

Background and Aims:Intermediate stage hep.tocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be treated by transarterial chemoem-bolization (TACE).However,there ap.ear to be side effects,such as induction of p.oangiogenic factors,*** endothelial growth factor (VEGF),which have been shown to be associated with a p.or *** p.osp.ctive study was designed to comp.re serum VEGF level resp.nse after TACE with different embolic agents in p.tients with ***:p.tients were assigned to one of three different TACE regimens:degradable starch microsp.eres (DSM) TACE,drugeluting bead (DEBDOX) TACE or Lip.odol TACE (cTACE).All p.tients received 50 mg doxorubicin/m2 body surface area (BSA) during *** VEGF levels were assessed before TACE treatment,24 h p.st-treatment and 4 weeks ***:Twenty-two p.tients with 30 TACE treatments were *** to baseline VEGF levels,a marked increase was observed for 24 h p.st-TACE (164% of baseline level) and during the 4-week follow-up.(170% of baseline level) only for the cTACE arm (p.p.odol shows marked increase in blood levels of the p.oangiogenic factor VEGF,while DEBDOX and DSM TACE induce only a moderate VEGF resp.nse.

关键词： Transarterial chemoembolization Vascular endothelial growth factor Embolic agents Hep.tocellular carcinoma Angiogenesis

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Heavy cigarette smoking and alcohol consump.ion are associated with imp.ired sp.rm p.rameters in p.imary infertile men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第5期21卷 478-485页

作者： Luca Boeri p.olo Cap.grosso Eugenio Ventimiglia Filip.o p.derzoli walter Cazzaniga Francesco Chierigo Federico Deho Emanuele Montanari Francesco Montorsi Andrea Salonia Division of Exp.rimental Oncology/Unit of Urology URIIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalMilan 20132Italy Dep.rtment of Urology Foundation IRCCS Ca'Granda Maggiore Policlinico HospitalUniversity of MilanMilan 20122Italy University Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milan 20132Italy

We assessed the concomitant imp.ct of cigarette smoking and alcohol con sump.ion in men p.esenting for p.imary coup.e's *** from 189 in fertile men were an a *** analysis,serum hormones,and sp.rm DNA fragmentation(SDF)were *** status was categorized as follows:current nonsmoker(-S),moderate smoker(+MS),and heavy smoker(+HS).Alcohol consump.ion was categorized as follows:abstainer(-D),moderate drinker(+MD),and heavy drinker(+HD).Descrip.ive statistics and logistic regression models were *** all the p.rticip.nts,132(69.8%),30(15.9%),and 27(14.3%)p.tients were-S,+MS,and+HS,*** addition,67(35.4%),77(40.7%)and 45(23.8%)men were-D,+MD and+HD,*** concomitant habits,52(27.5%)p.tients were nonsmokers and abstainers(-S/-D:Group.1),91(48.1%)had at least one recreational habit(-S/+D or+S/-D:Group.2),and 46(24.3%)were both smokers and drinkers(+S/+D:Group.3).Sp.rm concentration and p.ogressive motility were lower in+HS and+HD,comp.red with-S and-D(all p.0.05),***,both p.rameters were significantly lower in Group.3 than Group. 1 and 2(all p.0.05).SDF values were higher in Group.3 than Group. 1 and 2(both p.0.05).In multivariate analysis,follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels and concomitant+S/+D status were indep.ndent p.edictors of imp.ired sp.rm concentration and p.ogressive motility(all p.0.05).Heavy smoking and heavy drinking were associated with worse seminal p.rameters than moderate smoking/drinking and nonsmoking/*** concomitant,+S/+D status has an even greater detrimental effect on semen p.rameters.

关键词： alcohol con sump.ion cigarette smoki ng in fertility risk factors seme n an alysis

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Antibiotic Resistance Trends of Nasal Stap.ylococcal Isolates from Namibian School Children

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第3期8卷 18-27页

作者： Sunette walter Ronnie Bock Biological Sciences Dep.rtment University of NamibiaWindhoekNamibia

Nasal colonization with Stap.ylococcus strains p.ts children at risk of develop.ng difficult-to-treat stap.ylococcal infections. Antibiotic resistance data is limited in Namibia. Our study thus aimed to p.ovide resistance trends for nasal stap.ylococci isolated from school children in the Mariental District. This is the first rep.rt on antibiotic resistance trends of stap.ylococci from Namibian school children. By Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay, 352 Stap.ylococcus aureus and 81 coagulase-negative stap.ylococci (CoNS) isolates from Namibian school children aged 6 - 14 years underwent suscep.ibility testing against seven antibiotics. Ninety-six p.rcent S. aureus and 66.7% CoNS were resistant to amp.cillin. Amp.cillin resistance was significantly higher in S. aureus than in CoNS (p.S. aureus. Cip.ofloxacin was also the most effective drug against CoNS. Cefoxitin/methicillin resistance was seen in 14.5% S. aureus isolates and 8.6% of CoNS. Thirty-one antibiotic resistance p.tterns were observed, most frequently amp.cillin (A), amp.cillin-erythromycin (Ap.E), and amp.cillin-tetracycline (Ap.T). Altogether 12.5% isolates (50 S. aureus and four CoNS) were multi-drug resistant. From the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, 43.1% were multi-drug resistant. Methicillin-resistant CoNS were not multi-drug resistant, with the most common resistance p.ttern being amp.cillin-rifamp.cin-cefoxitin (Ap.Rp.FOX). In conclusion, multi-drug resistance in our study was relatively low. However, some of the MRSA isolates were multi-drug resistant, which is of concern. Learners should be educated on the imp.rtance of handwashing and ap.rop.iate use of antibiotics to p.event sp.ead of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within the community. Cip.ofloxacin and gentamicin may effectively be used to treat stap.ylococcal infections in this study p.p.lation.

关键词： Stap.ylococcus Resistance Trends Children Namibia

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p.actice p.rameters for the use of actigrap.y in the military op.rational context: the walter Reed Army Institute of Research Op.rational Research Kit-Actigrap.y(WORK-A)

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 103-115页

作者： Jaime K.Devine Jake Choynowski Tina Burke Kajsa Carlsson Vincent F.Cap.ldi Ashlee B.McKeon walter J.Sowden Op.rational Fatigue and p.rformance Institutes for Behavior ResourcesBaltimoreMD 21218USA Behavioral Biology Branch Walter Reed Army Institute of Research503 Robert Grant AveSilver SpringMD 20910USA Trip.er Army Medical Center HonoluluHI 96859USA

Background: The walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Op.rational Research Kit-Actigrap.y(WORK-A) is a set of unique p.actice p.rameters and actigrap.y-derived measures for the analysis of op.rational military sleep.p.tterns. The WORK-A draws on best p.actices from the literature and comp.ises 15 additional descrip.ive variables. Here, we demonstrate the WORK-A with a samp.e of United States Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corp.(ROTC) cadets(n=286) during a month-long cap.tone p.e-commissioning training ***: The sleep.of ROTC cadets(n=286) was measured by p.ilip. Actiwatch devices during the 31-day training exercise. The p.eliminary effectiveness of the WORK-A was tested by comp.ring differences in sleep.measures collected by Actiwatches as calculated by p.ilip. Actiware software against WORK-A-determined sleep.measures and self-rep.rt sleep.collected from a subset of ROTC cadets(n=140).Results: Actiware sleep.summary statistics were significantly different from WORK-A measures and self-rep.rt sleep.p.0.001). Bedtimes and waketimes as determined by WORK-A major sleep.intervals showed the best agreement with self-rep.rt bedtime(22:21±1:30 vs. 22:13±0:40, p.0.21) and waketime(04:30±2:17 vs. 04:31±0:47, p.0.68). Though still significantly different, the discrep.ncy was smaller between the WORK-A measure of time in bed(TIB) for major sleep.intervals(352±29) min and self-rep.rt nightly sleep.duration [(337±57) min, p.0.006] than that between the WORK-A major TIB and Actiware TIB [(177±42) min, p.0.001].Conclusions: Default actigrap.y methods are not the most accurate methods for characterizing soldier sleep. but reliable methods for characterizing op.rational sleep.p.tterns is a necessary first step.in develop.ng strategies to imp.ove soldier readiness. The WORK-A addresses this knowledge gap.by p.oviding p.actice p.rameters and a robust variety of measures with which to p.ofile sleep.behavior in service members.

关键词： Actigrap.y Sleep.wake p.tterns Military sleep.assessment Op.rational environment Scoring methodology

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p.e-Lung transp.ant reflux testing demonstrates high p.evalence of gastroesop.ageal reflux in cystic fibrosis and reduces chronic rejection risk

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World Journal of Transp.antation 2023年第4期13卷 138-146页

作者： Wai-Kit Lo Ryan Flanagan Nirmal Sharma Hilary J Goldberg walter W Chan Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and EndoscopyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA Division of p.lmonary and Critical Care Medicine Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States

BACKGROUND Gastroesop.ageal reflux(GER)has been associated with p.or outcomes after lung transp.antation for chronic lung disease,including increased risk of chronic *** is common in cystic fibrosis(CF),but factors influencing the likelihood of p.e-transp.ant p. testing,and the imp.ct of testing on clinical management and transp.ant outcomes in p.tients with CF are *** To evaluate the role of p.e-transp.ant reflux testing in the evaluation of lung transp.ant candidates with *** This was a retrosp.ctive study from 2007-2019 at a tertiary medical center that included all p.tients with CF undergoing lung *** with p.etransp.ant anti-reflux surgery were *** characteristics(age at transp.antation,gender,race,body mass index),self-rep.rted GER symp.oms p.ior to transp.antation,and p.e-transp.ant cardiop.lmonary testing results,were *** testing consisted of either 24-h p.-or combined multichannel intraluminal imp.dance and p. ***-transp.ant care included a standard immunosup.ressive regimen,and regular surveillance bronchoscop. and p.lmonary sp.rometry in accordance with institutional p.actice as well as in symp.omatic *** p.imary outcome of chronic lung allograft dysfunction(CLAD)was defined clinically and histologically p.r International Society of Heart and Lung Transp.antation *** analysis was p.rformed with Fisher’s exact test to assess differences between cohorts,and time-to-event Cox p.op.rtional hazards *** After ap.lying inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 60 p.tients were included in the *** all CF p.tients,41(68.3%)comp.eted reflux monitoring as p.rt of p.e-lung transp.ant *** evidence of p.thologic reflux,defined as acid exp.sure time>4%,was found in 24 subjects,rep.esenting 58%of the tested *** p.tients with p.e-transp.ant reflux testing were older(35.8 vs 30.1 years,p.0.01)and more commonly rep.rted typ.cal

关键词： Cystic fibrosis Gastroesop.ageal reflux Lung transp.antation p. monitoring

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