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Species-specific effects of genetic diversity and species diversity of experimental communities on early tree performance

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 252-258页

作者： Xueqin Zeng walter Durka Markus Fischer Department of Community Ecology(BZF) Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZTheodor-Lieser-Str.4Halle D-06120Germany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21Bern CH-3013Switzerland Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Lam Kam RoadTai PoNew TerritoriesHong Kong German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5eLeipzig D-04103Germany

Aims Changing biodiversity can affect ecosystem ***,the role of genetic diversity within species,relative to the one of species diversity,has hardly been *** To address the effects of both genetic diversity and species diversity during the important stage of early tree life,we used eight seed families(SF)taken from each of 12 evergreen and deciduous tree species of subtropical forest to perform a factorial *** established 264 communities of 16 trees *** community had a species diversity of either one or four species and a genetic diversity of either one,two or four SF per *** measured plant survival,growth rate,final biomass and herbivory 20 months after *** Findings Species differed from each other in biomass,growth rate,herbivory and survival(P<0.001).Deciduous species tended to have much higher biomass(P<0.1)and experienced higher herbivory(P<0.05)than evergreen *** diversity affected the performance of different species differently(species diversity by species interaction,P<0.001 for all variables but survival).Biomass differed between SF and increasing genetic diversity from one to two,and from two to four,SF per species increased biomass for some species and decreased it for others(P<0.001).Our study showed pronounced species-specific responses of early tree performance to species diversity and less pronounced responses to genetic *** species-specific responses suggest feedbacks of species diversity and genetic diversity on future species composition.

关键词： biodiversity-ecosystem functioning tree biomass herbivory survival subtropical China allometry

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Practice parameters for the use of actigraphy in the military operational context: the walter Reed Army Institute of Research Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A)

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 103-115页

作者： Jaime K.Devine Jake Choynowski Tina Burke Kajsa Carlsson Vincent F.Capaldi Ashlee B.McKeon walter J.Sowden Operational Fatigue and Performance Institutes for Behavior ResourcesBaltimoreMD 21218USA Behavioral Biology Branch Walter Reed Army Institute of Research503 Robert Grant AveSilver SpringMD 20910USA Tripler Army Medical Center HonoluluHI 96859USA

Background: The walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military sleep patterns. The WORK-A draws on best practices from the literature and comprises 15 additional descriptive variables. Here, we demonstrate the WORK-A with a sample of United States Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps(ROTC) cadets(n=286) during a month-long capstone pre-commissioning training ***: The sleep of ROTC cadets(n=286) was measured by Philips Actiwatch devices during the 31-day training exercise. The preliminary effectiveness of the WORK-A was tested by comparing differences in sleep measures collected by Actiwatches as calculated by Philips Actiware software against WORK-A-determined sleep measures and self-report sleep collected from a subset of ROTC cadets(n=140).Results: Actiware sleep summary statistics were significantly different from WORK-A measures and self-report sleep(P≤0.001). Bedtimes and waketimes as determined by WORK-A major sleep intervals showed the best agreement with self-report bedtime(22:21±1:30 vs. 22:13±0:40, P=0.21) and waketime(04:30±2:17 vs. 04:31±0:47, P=0.68). Though still significantly different, the discrepancy was smaller between the WORK-A measure of time in bed(TIB) for major sleep intervals(352±29) min and self-report nightly sleep duration [(337±57) min, P=0.006] than that between the WORK-A major TIB and Actiware TIB [(177±42) min, P≤0.001].Conclusions: Default actigraphy methods are not the most accurate methods for characterizing soldier sleep, but reliable methods for characterizing operational sleep patterns is a necessary first step in developing strategies to improve soldier readiness. The WORK-A addresses this knowledge gap by providing practice parameters and a robust variety of measures with which to profile sleep behavior in service members.

关键词： Actigraphy Sleep-wake patterns Military sleep assessment Operational environment Scoring methodology

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Assessing Flood Vulnerability from Rapid Urban Growth:A Case of Central Java — Indonesia

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2023年第4期11卷 22-45页

作者： Retno Sari DEWI Wiwandari HANDAYANI Isnu Putra PRATAMA walter T.De VRIES Iwan RUDIARTO Artiningsih ARTININGSIH Department of Urban and Regional Planning Diponegoro University Department of Urban and Regional Planning Bandung Institute of Technology TUM School of Engineering and Design Technical University of Munich

Urban growth, in many Asian cities, may lead to increased exposure to flood and growing sensitivity mainly because of the presence of informal settlements. On the other hand, urban areas may offer better access to public facilities, improving adaptive capacity and enhancing the local government's capabilities. This study aims to investigate to what extent urban growth exacerbates flood vulnerability in Central Java. Concurrently, floods are the most frequent disaster in the *** approach used in the vulnerability assessment involves socioeconomic conditions(population density, the number of impoverished families, public facilities) associated with three main aspects(exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity), resulting in the Exposure and Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index. Scoring and weighting analysis using secondary data in a sub-district unit from the Central Bureau of Statistics are applied. The result shows that urban growth contributes to the escalation of hazards and vulnerability. On the other hand, a high population also increases the number of public facilities and affects adaptive capacity in certain areas. Indeed, strategic urban development policies are critical to manage the three elements that form the flood vulnerability.

关键词： Vulnerability assessment climate change flood Central Java Indonesia

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Over-the-scope-grasper: A new tool for pancreatic necrosectomy and beyond-first multicenter experience

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第8期14卷 799-808页

作者： Markus Brand Jeannine Bachmann Christoph Schlag Ulrich Huegle Imdadur Rahman Edris Wedi Benjamin walter Oliver Moschler Lukas Sturm Alexander Meining Department of Internal Medicine II University of WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany Department of Surgery Klinikum rechts der IsarUniversity of MünchenMünchen 81675Germany Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of ZürichZürich 8091Switzerland Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Klinikum Koln-HolweideKoln 50968Germany Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Gastrointestinal Oncology and Interventionell EndoscopySana Klinikum OffenbachOffenbach 63069Germany Department of Internal Medicine I University of UlmUlm 89070Germany Department of Gastroenterology Marienhospital OsnabrückOsnabrück 49074Germany Department of Internal Medicine II University of FreiburgFreiburg 79106Germany

BACKGROUND Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic necrosis can be challenging and timeconsuming because sticky necrotic debris is sometimes difficult to remove. The over-the-scope-grasper, a new tool that has recently become available for this purpose, might also be useful for other indications. However, clinical data on the efficacy and safety of this new device are *** To evaluate the technical success and safety of the device in a multicenter *** The over-the-scope-grasper was used in nine selected endoscopic centers between November 2020and October 2021 for appropriate indications. Overall, 56 procedures were included in the *** retrospectively evaluated procedural parameters of all endoscopic interventions using a predefined questionnaire, with special respect to technical success, indications, duration of intervention, type of sedation, and complications. In the case of pancreatic necrosectomy, the access route, stent type, number of necrosis pieces removed, and clinical handling were also *** A total of 56 procedures were performed, with an overall technical success rate of 98%. Most of the procedures were endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomies(33 transgastric, 4 transduodenal). In 70%of the procedures, access to the necrotic cavity was established with a lumen apposing metal *** technical success of pancreatic necrosectomy was 97%, with a mean of 8 pieces(range, 2-25pieces) of necrosis removed in a mean procedure time of 59 min(range, 15-120 min). In addition,the device has been used to remove blood clots(n = 6), to clear insufficiency cavities before endoluminal vacuum therapy(n = 5), and to remove foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract(n = 8). In these cases, the technical success rate was 100%. No moderate or severe/fatal complications were reported in any of the 56 *** These first multicenter data demonstrate that the over-the-scope-grasper is a promising device for endoscopic pancreat

关键词： Over-the-scope-grasper Endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy Grasper Direct endoscopic necrosectomy Pancreatic necrosis Endoscopic tool

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Vocalization during copulation behavior in greater horseshoe bats,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第17期58卷 2179-2184页

作者： LIU Ying METZNER walter FENG Jiang Jilin Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology University of California

Vocal communication plays an important role for individual recognition and male-female interaction during mating in greater horseshoe bats,especially in respect to mate fidelity,which ensures that the bats can maintain a stable social *** studies,however,have addressed the calling behavior during copulating in ***,we initially report the copulation vocalizations and behaviors of both male and female greater horseshoe *** copulation,the male assumed a dorsal position and arched his back,arming around the female using his feet and *** male repeatedly produced very short constant frequency(SCF) syllables with high intensity and repetition rate(male 1:16.48±4.8 ms,male 2:17.79±4.03 ms) when he tried to insert the penis into the female,and then long syllables(male 1:42.08±12.67 ms,male 2:43.02±11.44 ms) after penile *** female bats sometime refused the male bats in the early phase of copulations as emitting noise bursts and broad-band vocalizations,but kept silence during actual *** also found that the SCF copulation calls of one male remained stable peak frequencies on different copulation days although its echolocation call frequency varied each ***,different male individuals maintained their own "private frequency" in the SCF copulation ***,we predicted that the SCF copulation calls may serve as an indicator for female greater horseshoe bats to recognize the mating males in order to maintain mate fidelity because horseshoe bats exhibit sexual segregation before *** results stipulate further studies on mating system and copulation strategies in polygynous *** work may also aid in promoting the preservation of greater horseshoe bats.

关键词：交配行为菊头蝠发声回声定位叫声铁恒定频率 SCF 个人识别

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Preferred alignments of angular momentum vectors of galaxies in six dynamically unstable Abell clusters

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2017年第7期17卷 1-10页

作者： Shiv N.Yadav Binil Aryal walter Saurer Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan University Institute of Astro-particle Physics Innsbruck University

A spatial orientation of angular momentum vectors of galaxies in six dynamically unstable Abell clusters（S1171, S0001, A1035, A1373, A1474 and A4053） is studied. For this, twodimensional observed parameters（e.g., positions, diameters and position angles） are converted into three-dimensional（3D） rotation axes of the galaxy using the ＇position angle-inclination＇ method. The expected isotropic distribution curves for angular momentum vectors are obtained by performing random simulations. The observed and expected distributions are compared using several statistical *** preferred alignments of angular momentum vectors of galaxies are noticed in all six dynamically unstable clusters, supporting the hierarchy model of galaxy formation. These clusters have a larger value of velocity dispersion. However, local effects are noticed in the clusters that have substructures in the1D-3D number density maps.

关键词： galaxies evolution - galaxies clusters general- astronomical databases miscellaneous

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The effect of surface roughness on claw and adhesive hair performance in the dock beetle Gastrophysa viridula

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Insect Science 2011年第3期18卷 298-304页

作者： James M. R. Bullock walter Federle Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge UK

Natural adhesive systems are adapted to attach to rough surfaces, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Attachment forces for the beetle Gastrophysa viridula were recorded on epoxy casts of surfaces with different roughness using a centrifuge device. Replicas were made of standardized polishing paper with asperity sizes ranging from 0.05 to 30 μm and of dock leaves （Rumex obtusifolius）. Beetles adhered with a safety factor of up to 36 times body weight on smooth substrates or on casts of leaves of their host plant. On the rough substrates, forces were much lower and a minimum at small scale roughness （0.05μm asperity size, with a mean safety factor of S） was observed. Removal of the claws led to a significant reduction in force for rough substrates with asperity sizes ≥ 12 μm. Attachment forces of the hairy adhesive system itself（without the claws） slightly increased from small-scale to large-scale surface roughness, but remained below the level seen on the smooth substrate. This is explained by the inability of setal tips to make full contact to the surface.

关键词： adhesion biomechanics claws locomotion roughness tribology

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Phylogenetic relationships of five genera of Xylariales and Rosasphaeria ***.(Hypocreales)

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第1期52卷 75-98页

作者： walter M.Jaklitsch Hermann Voglmayr Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Faculty Centre of BiodiversityUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030 WienAustria

Eight inconspicuous non-stromatic perithecial fungi immersed in plant tissue are assessed with respect to their morphology,ecology and phylogenetic *** is laid on two genera now and then placed in the family Hyponectriaceae,Xylariales:Leiosphaerella with its type species *** occurring on Vaccinium,and Pseudomassaria with its type species *** occurring on *** molecular phylogenetic analyses of LSU and ITS sequences,the generic types of these genera are closely related,but their familial affiliation within Xylariales remains *** sepincoliformis clusters with ***,whereas *** is not congeneric with Pseudomassaria and *** is combined in Leiosphaerella despite its *** species thought to belong to Leiosphaerella are re-assessed:*** that occurs on Rosa,is disposed in the new genus Rosasphaeria,which is close to Eucasphaeria in the Niessliaceae(Hypocreales),according to multi-gene phylogenetic analyses(ITS,LSU,rpb2 and tef1).For *** the genus Pseudomassariella is revived.A Leiosphaerellalike fungus on Lycopodium is described as the new species Monographella *** addition the phylogenetic relationships of two fungi forming superficial stromata are here clarified:Collodiscula japonica belongs to the Xylariaceae,while Melogramma campylosporum may currently be interpreted as representing a family of its own,the Melogrammataceae.

关键词： Collodiscula Eucasphaeria.Leiosphaerella Massarina Melogramma Metasphaeria New genus Phylogenetic reconstruction Pseudomassaria Pseudomassariella Systematics

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Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Microarthropod Communities in the Negev Desert

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 451-461页

作者： Haggai WASSERSTROM walter G.WHITFORD Yosef STEINberger The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range MSC 3JER New Mexico State University

Desert ecosystems are characterized by sparse vegetation that affects both abiotic parameters and soil biota along the soil *** study was conducted in 2010–2011 in a loess plain in the northern Negev Desert highlands, Israel, to test two main hypotheses:1) the abundance and diversity of microarthropods would vary seasonally in the top 30-cm soil layer, but would be relatively stable at soil depths between 30 and 50 cm and 2) soil microarthropods would be more abundant in soils under shrubs with large litter accumulations than under shrubs with less litter or bare soil. Soil samples were collected each season from the 0–50 cm profile at10-cm intervals under the canopies of Hammada scoparia and Zygophyllum dumosum and from the bare interspaces between *** moisture and soil organic carbon in the top 30-cm layers varied seasonally, but there was little variation in the soil layers deeper than 30 cm. Soil mites were most abundant in the top 30-cm soil layer in autumn and winter, with the highest number of families found in winter. There were no differences in soil microarthropod abundance attributable to the presence or absence of shrubs of either species. The microarthropod communities of the microhabitats studied consisted of Acari, Psocoptera, and Collembola. The Acari were mostly identified to the family level and were dominated by Oribatida(55%) and Prostigmata(41%) in all seasons and microhabitats, while the psocopterans were most abundant in summer. These results are opposite to those obtained in other studies in similar xeric environments. Moreover, our findings were not in line with our hypothesis that a better microhabitat played a major role in microarthropod community composition, diversity, and density.

关键词：沙漠生态系统土壤剖面群落组成时空变化内盖季节性变化土层深度土壤有机碳

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ArcFVS:An integration of a Geographic Information System and Forest Vegetation Simulator

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2006年第Z1期49卷 35-44页

作者： Bogdan Chivoiu John Moser walter L.Mills Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University 715 West State Street West LafayetteIN 47907USA

This paper presents the design and implementation of an integrated application program called ArcFVS that links the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to realize spatial selection of input files and graphic display of modeling output. Data for testing and running the model came from the U.S. Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Database and were also collected in field surveys in north-central Indiana. ArcFVS 1.0 is designed using the ArcGIS software from the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) and the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) programming environment to manipulate ESRI's ArcObjects. The resulting product offers custom functions as commands in a new menu or as tools on a new toolbar. They are used to: select spatially or by attribute the forest plots to be projected by FVS, create the FVS input files for the selected plots and display in a geospatial environment different types of FVS output (text output files, tables with variables of interest and visualization image files). Advantages of ArcFVS 1.0 include the new GIS capabilities, enhanced format translation functions and the standardized programming environment.

关键词： Forest Vegetation Simulator, Geographic Information Systems, forest modeling, graphic interface.

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