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Beyond first-line chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer:An expanding array of therapeutic options?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第9期20卷 2224-2236页

作者： Evan j walker Andrew H Ko University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center San Francisco CA 94115 United States

While an increasing number of therapeutic options are now available for the first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer,the optimal choice for treatment in the second-line setting and beyond is less well defined.A variety of cytotoxic agents,either alone or in combination,have been evaluated,although primarily in the context of small single-arm or retrospective *** regimens have been associated with median progression-free survival rates in the range of 2-4 mo and overall survival rates between 4-8mo,highlighting the very poor prognosis of patients who are candidates for such *** therapies studied in this chemotherapy-refractory setting,meanwhile,have produced even worse efficacy *** the current article,we review the clinical evidence for treatment of refractory disease,primarily in patients who have progressed on front-line gemcitabine-based *** the process,we highlight the limitations of the available data to date as well as some of the challenges in designing appropriate clinical trials in this salvage setting,including how to select an appropriate control arm given the absence of a wellestablished reference standard,and the importance of incorporating predictive biomarkers and quality of life measures whenever possible into study design.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Refractory Second-line chemotherapy Gemcitabine

Gastrointestinal disease in children with autism spectrum disorders:Etiology or consequence?

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World journal of Psychiatry 2021年第9期11卷 605-618页

作者： Arthur Krigsman Stephen j walker Pediatric Gastroenterology Resources of New York and Texas GeorgetownTX 78628United States Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest Baptist Medical CenterWinston SalemNC 27157United States

Chronic gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms and disorders are common in children with autism spectrum disorder and have been shown to be significantly correlated with the degree of behavioral and cognitive *** this unique population,GI symptoms often arise very early in development,during infancy or toddlerhood,and may be misdiagnosed-or not diagnosed at all–due in part to the challenges associated with recognition of symptoms in a minimally or noncommunicative *** demonstrating that the gut-brain-axis can communicate gut dysbiosis and systemic immune dysregulation in a bidirectional manner raises the question as to whether an untreated gastrointestinal disorder can directly impact neurodevelopment or,conversely,whether having a neurodevelopmental disorder predisposes a child to chronic GI *** the data presented in this mini review,we conclude that the preponderance of available evidence would suggest the former scenario is more strongly supported.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Gastrointestinal disease Immune dysregulation Neurodevelopment

Increased Incidence of Scarlet Fever--China,1999−2018

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China CDC weekly 2019年第5期1卷 63-66页

作者： Yuanhai You Ying Qin Mark j.walker Luzhao Feng jianzhong Zhang State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseaseNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Division of Infectious Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia.

What is already known about this topic?Scarlet fever had high incidence between the 1950s and 1980s,but during the 1980s and 1990s,the incidence of scarlet fever dropped to a relatively low and stable levels in *** is added by this report?Starting in 2011,scarlet fever incidence significantly increased in *** the eight years between 2011 and 2018,479,555 cases were reported,which exceeded the total number of 241,365 cases reported in the previous twelve years 1999–*** are the implications for public health practice?Both patient and pathogen epidemiological surveillance need to be heightened to monitor serious cases of scarlet fever and to implement timely control measures.

关键词： fever Fever Incidence

Ion dynamics associated with substorm dipolarization fronts

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第10期57卷 2543-2551页

作者： FU Song Maha ASHOUR-ABDALLA DENG XiaoHua Mostafa EL-ALAOUI ZHOU Meng Robert L RICHARD Raymond j walker YUAN ZhiGang School of Electronic and Information Wuhan University Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of California Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Institute of Space Science and Technology Nanchang University Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences University of California National Science Foundation

We report where and how ions are accelerated in the proximity of earthward propagating dipolarization fronts （DFs） in the magnetotail during a magnetospheric substorm on February 15, 2008. Two DFs were observed by multiple THEMIS space- craft in the near-Earth magnetotail （-10 Re）. We studied the ion dynamics associated with these DFs by comparing observed results with large scale kinetic （LSK） simulation results. The LSK simulation reproduced the sudden ion energy flux enhance- ment concurrent with the arrival of the DF at the satellite locations. We found that ions can be accelerated to more than 100 keV energy at the DF. These ions were initially non-adiabatically accelerated near magnetic reconnection site and then still non-adiabatically accelerated at the DF structure.

关键词： dipolarization front particle simulation ion acceleration

Osmium isotopic constraints on the age of lithospheric mantle beneath northeastem China

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Osmium isotopic constraints on the age of lithospheric mantl...

The chemical-temporal evolution of lithospheric mantle underlying the North China Craton

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2003学术年会

作者： Richard j.walker Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory Department of GeologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

Northeastern China is composed of the Paleozoic Xing’an Mongolian Orogenic Belt(XMOB) in the north,and the Archean North China Craton(NCC) in the *** xenoliths from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) underlying these crustal blocks were entrained in Cenozoic basalts and brought to the *** Os isotopic compositions of these xenoliths are quite *** most refractory xenoliths(AlO<1.2 wt.%) from both blocks yield model Os T ages between 1.2 and 0.4 *** the XMOB,this indicates that some portions of the underlying SCLM are approximately the same age as the overlying continental *** is typical of the age relations between SCLM and the overlying crust for most *** refractory xenoliths with minimally depleted Os/Os,however,suggest the addition of much younger,Phanerozoic lithospheric *** lack of any xenoliths with Archean model ages in the SCLM underlying the NCC,sampled by this study,suggests that the original SCLM underlying the NCC block has been largely *** may have occurred during the Proterozoic,the Phanerozoic,or during both *** results highlight the complex age structure in the current SCLM beneath northeastern China,with lithosphere ranging in age from Proterozoic to additions within the past several 100 Ma.

关键词： Os isotopes Crust-mantle decoupling Lithospheric mantle Northeastern China

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The chemical-temporal evolution of lithospheric mantle under...

Rodent management in Aotearoa New Zealand: approaches and challenges to landscape-scale control

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2006学术年会

作者： Richard j.walker Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory Department of GeologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA

Previous studies of samples of subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) that underlay the North China Craton(NCC) during the Paleozoic have documented the presence of thick Archean SCLM at this *** contrast,samples of SCLM underlying the NCC during the Cenozoic are characterized by evidence for melt depletion during the Proterozoic,and relatively recent juvenile additions to the *** observations,coupled with geophysical evidence for relatively thin lithosphere at present,have led to the conclusion that the SCLM underlying the NCC was thinned and modified subsequent to the late *** order to extend the view into both the Paleozoic and modern SCLM underlying the NCC,we examine mantle xenoliths and xenocrystic chromites extracted from three Paleozoic kimberlites(Tieling,Fuxian and Mengyin),and mantle xenoliths extracted from one Cenozoic basaltic center(Kuandian). Geochemical data suggest that most of the Kuandian xenoliths are residues of small degrees of partial melting from chemically primitive ***-Nd-Hf isotopic analyses indicate that the samples were removed from long-term depleted SCLM that had later been variably enriched in incompatible *** isotopic compositions of the two most refractory xenoliths are depleted relative to the modern convecting upper mantle and have model melt depletion ages that indicate melt depletion during *** relatively depleted xenoliths have Os isotopic compositions consistent with the modern convecting upper *** observation is generally consistent with earlier data for xenoliths from other Cenozoic volcanic systems in the NCC and surrounding ***,the present SCLM underlying the NCC has a complex age structure,but does not appear to retain materials with Archean melt depletion ages. Results for what are presumed to be early Paleozoic xenoliths from Teiling are generally highly depleted in melt components,*** low Al2O3,but have also been metasomatically al

关键词： Os isotopes thinning subcontinental lithospheric mantle North China Craton

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 8-26页

作者： john G.INNES Grant NORBURY Araceli SAMANIEGO Susan walker Deborah j.WILSON Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research HamiltonNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AlexandraNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AucklandNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research DunedinNew Zealand

Aotearoa—New Zealand has only four rodent species,all *** order of arrival,they are Pacific rat Rattus exulans,brown rat ***,house mouse Mus musculus,and black rat *** management in New Zealand aims mainly to conserve indigenous biodiversity rather than to protect crops or manage diseases,as is usual *** describe four major“regimes”and one major vision for rodent control in New Zealand to meet ecological restoration *** challenges for island eradications are for large islands that are remote or populated by *** 1080 is the only large-scale(tens of thousands of hectares)option for black rat control,but its application requires adjustment to counter subsequent rapid black rat ***“ecosanctuaries”(mean 720 ha)use ground-based traps and poisons to target mainly black rats and face constant *** with mammal-resistant fences(up to 3500 ha)limit reinvasion and target more pest species and have enabled the return of previously extirpated taxa to the main *** Free 2050 aims to eradicate the rat species(but not mice)plus some other introduced mammals from New Zealand by *** vision is not attainable with current tools,but research and experimental management is exploring techniques and *** large scale(to 100000 ha)at which black rats are now targeted for control to extremely low abundance seems to be unique to New Zealand.

关键词： black rat brown rat eradication house mouse rodent control

Sleep,cognition,and neurodegenerative diseases

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Life Research 2020年第2期3卷 62-67页

作者： Diana Ikilikyan Melissa j.walker No.14726 Blythe Street Apartment 301Panorama CityCaliforniaUSA 91402 No.364 Oldstone Court Simi ValleyCaliforniaUSA 93065

Quality and quantity of sleep are undervalued by many,primarily due to the hunger our generation has for increased productivity during the day,as 24 hours is just not *** fewer pay attention to the timing of sleep during the circadian cycle or are even aware of its *** show that insufficient amounts of sleep,poor sleep quality,and/or improper timing of sleep induce both acute and chronic clinical issues that can be prevented by simply sleeping the recommended amount,with restorative quality,and correct circadian *** hours that should be dedicated specifically to sleep can lead not only to psychological deficits such as mood disorders,stress and anxiety,but also physiological issues such as cognitive and memory deficits,metabolic syndrome,obesity,neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s,and even possibly *** article reviews the relationship between sleep,cognition and neurodegenerative diseases with the latest research progress,providing new research ideas for *** author also analyzes the importance of improving people's sleep quality from a sociological point of view to remind people to improve their awareness of sleep.

关键词： Sleep Cognition diseases Neurodegenerative diseases

In-situ stress measurements and stress change monitoring to monitor overburden caving behaviour and hydraulic fracture pre-conditioning

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第1期26卷 103-110页

作者： Puller jesse W. Mills Ken W. jeffrey Rob G. walker Rick j. Strata Control Technology Wollongong NSW 2500 Australia CSIRO Energy Melbourne. Vic 3000 Australia

A coal mine in New South Wales is longwall mining 300 m wide panels at a depth of 160–180 m directly below a 16–20 m thick conglomerate strata. As part of a strategy to use hydraulic fracturing to manage potential windblast and periodic caving hazards associated with these conglomerate strata,the in-situ stresses in the conglomerate were measured using ANZI strain cells and the overcoring method of stress relief. Changes in stress associated with abutment loading and placement of hydraulic fractures were also measured using ANZI strain cells installed from the surface and from underground. Overcore stress measurements have indicated that the vertical stress is the lowest principal stress so that hydraulic fractures placed ahead of mining form horizontally and so provide effective pre-conditioning to promote caving of the conglomerate strata. Monitoring of stress changes in the overburden strata during longwall retreat was undertaken at two different locations at the mine. The monitoring indicated stress changes were evident 150 m ahead of the longwall face and abutment loading reached a maximum increase of about7.5 MPa. The stresses ahead of mining change gradually with distance to the approaching longwall and in a direction consistent with the horizontal in-situ stresses. There was no evidence in the stress change monitoring results to indicate significant cyclical forward abutment loading ahead of the face. The forward abutment load determined from the stress change monitoring is consistent with the weight of overburden strata overhanging the goaf indicated by subsidence monitoring.

关键词： Stress measurementOverburdenHydraulic fracturing Longwall